Black Death Wakanga Usiri Mugumo
MUKATI maOctober wa1347, ngarava dzevanotengesa dzokuMabvazuva dzakapinda muchiteshi chengarava cheMessina, muSicily. Vakwasvi vaiva varume vane hosha uye vakanga vachifa. Pamiviri yavo paiva nematuzu matema, akakura sezai aibuda ropa nourwa. Vaifamba nengarava vakatambura marwadzo akakomba uye vakafa mukati memazuva anoverengeka pashure pokuoneka kwezviratidzo zvokutanga.
Makonzo aibva mungarava akakumbanira mamwe makonzo omunharaunda. Makonzo aiva nenhata dzaive noutachiona hunouraya vanhu. Nokudaro akaparadzira hosha inotapukira yaizivikanwa seplague, Black Death, denda rakaipisisa munhau yeEurope kusvika panguvayo.
Plague yacho yaiva muzvimiro zviviri. Chimiro chokutanga, yaipfuudzwa kupfurikidza nokurumwa nenhata ine utachiona, yaiparadzirwa muropa uye yaiparira matuzu nokubuda ropa mukati. Chimwe chacho, yaipfuudzwa kuvamwe kupfurikidza nokukosora kana kuti kuhotsira, kwaitapura mapapu. Nemhaka yokuti zvimiro zvose zviri zviviri zvaivapo, hosha yacho yakapararira nokukurumidza uye noutsinye hunotyisa. Mumakore matatu bedzi, yakauraya chikamu chimwe muzvina chevagari veEurope; zvichida vanhu vane mamiriyoni 25 vakafa.
Hapana aiziva panguvayo kuti hosha yacho yaipfuudzwa sei kubva pamunhu kuenda pane mumwe munhu. Vamwe vakadavira kuti mhepo yakanga ine chepfu, sezvinobvira nemhaka yokudengenyeka kwapasi kana kuti kurongeka kusiri kwenguva dzose kwenyika dzomuchadenga. Vamwe vakafunga kuti vanhu vairwara kupfurikidza nokungotarisa bedzi munhu ane hosha yacho. Kunyange zvazvo mirangariro yaisiyana-siyana, nenzira yakajeka hosha yacho yaitapukira zvikurusa. Mumwe chiremba weFrance akataura kuti kwairatidzika sokuti munhu mumwe chete ane chirwere chacho “aigona kuzadza nyika yose.”
Vanhu vaisaziva chinodzivirira uye chinorapa. Vazhinji vakarangarira uporofita hweBhaibheri hwakadai souhwo hwakanyorwa pana Ruka 21:11, uhwo hunofanotaura nhenda mukati menguva yokupedzisira. Kunyange zvazvo mari yakadirwa mumachechi, denda racho rakapfuurira zvisingadzoreki. Mumwe munyori weItaly wapanguvayo akanyora kuti: “Hakuna mabhero akarira uye hakuna akachema pasinei zvapo nokuti arasikirwa zvakadini nemhaka yokuti anenge munhu ari wose aikarira rufu . . . vanhu vakataura uye vakadavira kuti, ‘Uyu ndiwo mugumo wenyika.’”
Zvisinei, wakanga usiri mugumo. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi14, denda iroro rakanga raguma. Nyika yakapfuurira.
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]
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