Dzimba Dzoumambo Dzapasi Pevhu Dzinon’aima dzeMoscow

YAKANYORWA NOMUNYORI WEMUKAI! MURUSSIA

KWAKANGA kusina kuoma kufungidzira uko chitima chinofamba napasi pevhu, kana kuti Metro, chakanga chiri. Mutsetse usingagumi wavanhu wakadirana mumukova unoenda pasi pevhu. Pamusoro pomukova pakanga pane bhii M, rinon’animira murambi dzvuku rakajeka ramagetsi. Masuo emikova aivheya achizaruka pamberi pangu. Mukati ndakanga ndakatarisana nechiono chechienzi chavanhu vanodzika nokukurumidza ndokunyangarika sokunge kuti mugomba rakadzika-dzika. Pakutanga ndakazengurira. Ipapo, ndichizvidzora ndimene, ndakatevera.

Kwenguva yokutanga muupenyu hwangu, ndakanga ndiri muchitima chinofamba napasi pevhu. Kwete chitimawo zvacho chinofamba napasi pevhu—Metro yeMoscow! Asi munyika umo munhu anogona kufamba muchadenga, kupamura atomu, uye kunyange kuita kuvhiyiwa kwouropi kwakaoma kunzwisisa, chii chiri chinokosha kwazvo pamusoro pechitima chinofamba napasi pevhu?

Kutanga, ndakanga ndaudzwa kuti Metro yeMoscow zvichida ndiyo chitima chinofamba napasi pevhu chakatsvinda zvikurusa munyika. Sokutaura kunoita chirevo chechiRussia kuti, “kuri nani kuona chimwe chinhu kamwe nameso ako umene kupfuura kunzwa nezvacho kane zana.” Apo ndakapinda kokorodzano yamarudzi ose yeZvapupu zvaJehovha muMoscow July apfuura, ndakanga ndichidisa kukwira Metro.

Mavambire Acho

Muna 1902 musayendisiti nainjiniya weRussia anonzi Bolinsky akakarakadza kuvaka gadziriro yechokufambisa yapamusoro pevhu yaizopfuura napachidziro cheKremlin ndokupoterera pakati peguta. Asi dare reguta reMoscow rakaramba rongedzero dzokutanga gadziriro yacho panguva iyeyo. Makore gumi gare gare dare rakavamba kurangarira zvakakomba pfungwa yacho—yaizova yokutanga yorudzi rwayo muRussia—asi kutanga kweHondo yeNyika I muna 1914 kwakanonozetsa imwe fambiro mberi. Pfungwa yacho haina kumutsidzirwa kutozosvikira muna 1931. Ndipo apo Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union yakazivisa kuti raruwe yapasi pevhu yokutanga yenyika yaizovakwa muMoscow. Nokudaro Russia yakava nyika yechi 11, uye Moscow guta rechi 17, kuita basa rokuvaka rakakura kudaro.

Chitima Chinofamba Napasi Pevhu cheMoscow chakatanga kuvhura njanji yacho yokutanga, ine makiromita anenge gumi nerimwe enjanji, panguva yechinomwe mumangwanani pana May 15, 1935, makore matatu bedzi pashure pokunge kuvaka kwatanga. Zvitima zvina zvaibatira zviteshi 13, uye zvakakwanisa kutakura vatakurwi vanenge 200 000 pazuva. Vagari vomuMoscow navashanyi vokumwe vakaororwa. Chakanga chiri chitsva kwazvo, chiri chechienzi kwazvo! Mumadekwana vanhu vaimirira mumutsetse kuti vave pakati pavamwe vavakwiri vacho vokutanga. Chakanga chiri chimwe chinhu chokuona. Uye chichiri chakadaro.

Chifo cha 1935 gadziriro yakafutunurwa kusvikira kunjanji pfumbamwe dzinofukidza hwerengedzo yamakiromita anenge 200 uye dzine zviteshi 149. Zvinodokuva zvimwe zvimiro zvose zvechokufambisa chavose muMoscow, kubatanidza nhandare yendege nenzira dzomumvura, munzira yakati zvakabatanidzwa nokufamba neMetro. Kutaura idi, vagari vomuMoscow vaisagona kufungidzira upenyu husina Metro. Nenzira inonzwisisika kudaro, sezvo zuva riri rose nerimwe chichitakura avhareji yavatakurwi vane mamiriyoni mapfumbamwe, vanodokupeta nakaviri chiverengero chavagari veFinland. Mukuenzanisa, zvitima zvinofamba napasi pevhu zveLondon neNew York City pamwe chete zvinotakura inenge hafu bedzi yechiverengero ichecho.

Kusanoongorora

Unofarira kuona icho chiri pasi pevhu nenhurikidzwa 20 here? Chikwidzo chinokurumidza kutidzikisa pasi. Chinongova bedzi chimwe chaane 500 mugadziriro yose, icho kana chikabatanidzwa mugumo nomugumo chingasvika anopfuura makiromita 50. Uye kunzwa kwakadini, kudzika pamudzakiswa wamadhigirii 30 pasipidhi yeinenge mita pasekondi—inodokuva inopeta nekaviri sipidhi yezvikwidzo mune dzimwe nyika!

Tapinda muchiteshi cheMayakovskaya. Kuvakwa kwazvo kunotiita tinzwe zvikuru setiri muimba youmambo kupfuura kuva pachiteshi chechitima chapasi. Ndinokuwana kwakaoma kufungidzira kuti tiri pasi pevhu chaizvoizvo. Handina kuwanzoona kuvaka kwakaisvonaka kwakadaro pamusoro pevhu, ndoda pasi pevhu. Hakushamisi kuti ratidzirwo yokuvaka yakaitwa pakati pa 1937 na 1939 yakapa rukudzo kuzviteshi zvishanu zveMetro yeMoscow, kubatanidza chino ichi. Chokwadika, handi zviteshi zvose 149 zvakaisvonaka sechiteshi cheMayakovskaya; zvizhinjisa zvezvitsva zvikuru zvine mwero zvikuru—bva zvichiri zvinoorora—chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana mumuitirwo nechimiro.

Zvinodokuva zviteshi zvose zvine chimwe chinhu chokutaura pamusoro penhau yeRussia. Marble, ceramic, uye granite zvakaunzwa kubva mumativi akasiyana-siyana eRussia kuti zvishandiswe nokuda kwokushongedza. Nokudaro, bhukwana rine mifananidzo rinotungamirira rinoti: “Nyika yose yakapinda kuzobetsera kuvaka Metro yeMoscow.” Granite yakashandiswa zvikurukuru nokuda kwokushongedzwa kwouriri nemhaka yokusimba kwayo. Ichi ndichinhu chinokosha nemhaka yavanhu vazhinjisa vanoungana zuva nezuva pazviteshi.

Apo tinenge tichifarikanya runako rweimba youmambo yapasi pevhu, tinoona zvitima zvinopfuura zvichienda nokudzoka nesipidhi huru. Masekondi 90 kana kuti kupfuura pashure pokunge chimwe chasimuka pachiteshi, magetsi echinotevera anogona kutoonwa achisvika. Zvitima nguva dzose zvinomhanya kazhinji kazhinji kudai here? Mukati menguva inowanda zvikurusa zvokufambisa, zvinodaro. Padzimwe nguva zvinomhanya zvakaparadzana namaminiti anenge matatu kusvikira kumashanu.

Takanga tichangobva kugadzikana muzvigaro zvedu zvinopfavirira zvechitima tisati tawana kuti chitima chinokurumidza kumhanya kusvika kusipidhi huru. Chinomhanya zvikurusa nomumukoto wacho unongova bedzi namamita matanhatu mukufara, pane dzimwe nguva pasipidhi inosvika makiromita 100 paawa. Chokwadi, munhu angagona kufamba hurefu hwose hweMetro muanenge maawa matanhatu! Vagari vomuMoscow vanosarudza Metro kwete bedzi nemhaka yokuti ndiwo mutoo unomhanyisa wokufamba nawo asi nemhaka yokuti wakachipa uye unofadza. July apfuura, mukati mekokorodzano yamarudzi ose yeZvapupu zvaJehovha, kukwira Metro kuenda kunzvimbo ipi neipi kwaiita maruble gumi, panguva iyeyo anoenzana namasendi masere.

Kutindika kuri pakati pezvitima kupfupi zvikuru zvokuti ungashamisika kuti kunobvirira sei zvitima kufamba nesipidhi huru kudaro. Tsananguro yakapfava. Gadziriro yokudzora sipidhi inongozviitikira yakagadzirirwa zvikurukuru kudzivisa tsaona. Iyi gadziriro ine chokwadi chokuti daro riri pakati pezvitima haritongovi riri pasi pedaro ringava riri madikanwa kumisa chitima pasipidhi iyeyo. Namamwe mashoko, chitima chinofamba makiromita 90 paawa icho chinoswedera pedyo zvikuru kupfuura daro rokumira riri madikanwa nechitima chiri mberi nenzira yokungozviitira chinovamba kubopa mabhureki acho. Mukuwedzera, mutyairi ari muchitima chiri mberi anonyeverwa nechiratidzo chengozi. Iyi gadziriro, chokwadika, inowedzera zvikuru kukotsekana kwokufamba. Chingagona kuva chikonzero nei vanofamba neMetro yeMoscow vachiratidzika kuva vakaterama kwazvo navakafaranuka here? Vazhinjisa vavo vanogara pasi chinyararire vachirava, vane chivimbo nenzira yakajeka chokuti vachasvika zvakakotsekana kunzvimbo yavari kuenda.

Magetsi Nemhepo

Pakuvamba mangwanani ari ose, sezvo injini dzamagetsi dzinovamba kudhuruma uye mazana ezviuru amagetsi achivamba kubvira, mamiriyoni avanhu anotanga kupinda nomudzimba dzoumambo dzakatsikinyidzanwa dzapasi pevhu umo zvitima zvinofamba napasi pevhu 3 200 zvichave zvichivhura nokupfiga masuo azvo zvichichinjana muzuva rose. Kwose ikoku kunobviriswa nechitsama chikurusa chamagetsi.

Uyu mubato unoparira kupisa kukuru kwazvo, uko, murutivi, kunotorwa nepasi rakapoteredza. Asi zvakadiniko nokupisa kwomuraudzo kungagona kuparira kunyanyopisa kwemikoto nezviteshi? Eya, sezvakwakakodzera dzimba dzoumambo, chiteshi chimwe nechimwe chinobatirwa negadziriro inofefetedza mhepo iyo inosanovandudza mhepo kana paawa. Mhepo yakanaka inowanika nguva dzose, pasinei hapo nokuti Metro yakatsikinyidzanwa sei. Kutaura idi, gadziriro inofefetedza mhepo muMetro yeMoscow inorangarirwa navakawanda kuva yakanakisisa munyika.

Zvisinei, mukati mokutonhora uku kupisa kunobetsera. Kunze kwezvivako nenzira dzokupinda nadzo zviri pamusoro pevhu, hapana gadziriro yokupisa iri madikanwa. Zvitima, vanhu vazhinjisa, uye pasi rimene, zvazvinenge zvachengeta kupisa mukati mechirimo nezhizha, zvinobudisa zvikuru kupisa kwakakwana kuita kuti dzimba dzoumambo dzapasi pevhu dzidziye zvakanaka.

Rumbidzo Inobva Kumativi Ose

Sezvingakarirwa, bhukwana rine mifananidzo rinotungamirira reMetro rinofashukira murumbidzo yaro: “Metro yeMoscow inorangarirwa zvakarurama seimwe yakanakisisa yenyika, ine zviteshi zvakaisvonaka zvine kochekedzano yazvo yakaoma kunzwisisa yenjanji, waya, mapombi namakebhuro zvinomirira mubatanidzwa unofadza zvirokwazvo wokunakisisa kwenhamburiko younyanzvi hwokuita zvinhu nounyanzvi hwouinjiniya. Kupfuura zviteshi, aya mabasa ounyanzvi okuvaka orunako rusingaenzaniswi neyevedzo yakashongedzwa zvakanaka nemarble, granite, simbi namatayera, akanatswa namagetsi nerongedzero inokatyamadza, zvivezwa, mifananidzo yamavara akasiyana-siyana amagirazi, zviumbwa, mapaneri, magirazi ane ruvara uye basa rokupfura. Nyanzvi dzokunyora mapurani nenyanzvi dzokuita mifananidzo dzakaisvonakisisa dzenyika,” kubatanidza navavezi vamatombo, “vakabetsera kukurongwa neshongedzo.”

Zvino, pashure pokunge ndashanyira Moscow uye kuzvionera ndimene Metro, ndingabvuma. Dzakawanda dzenhume biyangu dzakaenda kukokorodzano dzakaororwawo. Mumwe wokuGermany akandiudza kuti: “Ndakanzwa sokunge kuti ndakanga ndapinda muhoro yekonzati ine marambi akaisvonaka. Ndakafadzwa zvikuru.” Mumwe mushanyi anobva kuUnited States akaororwa nokusvika nenguva kweMetro, rucheno, uye kushanda norubudiriro. Uye imwe nhume yekokorodzano inobva kuSiberia iri kure yakashamiswa noukuru hukurusa nomwero zvezvivako zvapasi pevhu.

Kana ukambova muMoscow, ndingakukurudzira kushanyira idzi dzimba dzoumambo dzinon’aima dzapasi pevhu. Yeuka: “Kuri nani kuona chimwe chinhu kamwe nameso ako umene kupfuura kunzwa nezvacho kane zana.”

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]

Sovfoto/Eastfoto

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 16, 17]

Zvishomanene zvezviteshi zvakaisvonaka zvezvitima zvinofamba napasi pevhu zveMoscow

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Manyuko emifananidzo (kubva kumusoro kworuboshwe uchitenderera): Laski/Sipa Press; Sovfoto/Eastfoto; Sovfoto/Eastfoto; Laski/Sipa Press; Laski/Sipa Press; Sovfoto/Eastfoto