Vakadzi—Vanoremekedzwa Here Pamusha?

“Mumwe nomumwe, vakadzi vakanangana nenzufu dzakaipa. . . . Uye nepo mutoo wenzufu dzavo wakasiana, migariro inosimbisa haina kudaro: Muitiro weQuebec [Canada] unoreva kuti mumwe nomumwe wavakadzi akaurawa nomurume wekare kana kuti wazvino. Vose, vakadzi 21 muQuebec vakaurawa gore rino [1990], vanyajambwa vokupiritsika mumasimba masimba eroorano.”—Maclean’s, October 22, 1990.

MASIMBA masimba omumba, anonzi navamwe “rutivi rwakasviba rwoupenyu hwemhuri,” anodyara gohwo remhuri dzakavhiringidzika uye dzinobereka vana vane murangariro wakamonyana weicho ukama hwapakati pomurume nomukadzi hunofanira kuva. Vana vanokamuraniswa pamusoro pomubereki wavangavimba naye sezvavanoedza kunzwisisa chikonzero nei baba vachirova amai. (Panhambo shomanene, mubvunzo ndowokuti, neiko amai vachiva vane utsinye zvikuru kuna baba?) Chibereko chamasimba masimba omumba kazhinji kazhinji chinobatanidza vanakomana vanokura kuva varovi vavadzimai ivo vamene. Murangariro wavabereki wakavasiya vane zvinetso zvakakomba zvendangariro pamwe chete nezvohunhu.

Chinyorwa cheCM chinonzi The World’s Women—1970-1990 chinoti: “Denho dzavarume pavakadzi mumisha yavo dzinorangarirwa kuva utsotsi huduku hunoshumwa—murutivi nokuti masimba masimba akadaro anoonwa sechimwe chinhu chinoparira kutambura, kwete utsotsi.”

Kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwomukwanyina kwakashata sei muUnited States? Mushumo weDare wanokorwa mashoko munyaya yatangireyi unoti: “Kutaura kwokuti ‘masimba masimba omumba’ kunganzwika kuva kwakapfava, asi kuzvibata kwakunorondedzera hakusati kuri kunyoro. Zviverengero zvinopa mufananidzo unotyisa wokukomba—zvamazvirokwazvo kunyange kunouraya—kwokubata zvisina kufanira kwomukwanyina. Pakati pavakadzi vane 2 000 ne 4 000 vanofa gore riri rose nokubatwa zvisina kufanira. . . . Mukusafanana nohumwe utsotsi, kubatwa zvisina kufanira ndiwo masimba masimba ano‘pfuurira.’ Ityisidziro inopfuurira nekuvadziko inodzokororwa yomuviri.”

Magazini yeWorld Health inoti: “Masimba masimba okurwisana navakadzi anoitika munyika iri yose nomuboka riri rose ramagariro avanhu nerezvemari. Mutsika zhinji, kurova mudzimai kunorangarirwa kuva maruramiro omurume. Kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru, kurova kwomuitiro nokubatwa chibharo kwavakadzi navasikana kunorangarirwa kuva ‘nhau dzapachivande’ dzisingatapuri vamwe—vangava zviremera zvapamutemo kana kuti vashandi vezvoutano.” Aya masimba masimba omumba anogona kupararira nomutoo uri nyore kumhoteredzo yechikoro.

Ikoku kwakaenzanisirwa mune chakaitika pachikoro chebhodhingi chavakomana navasikana cheKenya muna July 1991. The New York Times yakashuma kuti “vasikana vapachikoro vachiri kuyaruka vane 71 vakabatwa chibharo navadzidzirume uye vamwe 19 vakafa muusiku hwamasimba masimba hwomumadhomitari ayo sezvinoshumwa . . . akapfuurira asingadziviswi namapurisa omunzvimbomo kana kuti vadzidzisi.” Ko iyi njonga njonga yokubata chibharo ingatsanangurwa sei? “Iyi ngwavaira yakasimbisa mbavarira yokusava nomufungo yavanhurume yakashata inodzora upenyu hwamagariro avanhu veKenya,” akanyora kudaro Hilary Ng’Weno, mupepeti wenhau mukuru weThe Weekly Review, magazini inoraviwa zvikurusa yeKenya. “Mugariro woupenyu wavakadzi vedu navasikana unosuruvarisa. . . . Tinorera vakomana vedu kuti vave noruremekedzo ruduku kana kuti kusava narwo nokuda kwavasikana.”

Ipapo ndipo pane mudzi wechinetso munyika yose—vakomana vanowanzorererwa kurangarira vasikana navakadzi savakaderera, zvisikwa zvinodyeredzerwa. Vakadzi vanoonekwa savanotapurika navanodzorwa nomutoo uri nyore. Kubvira ipapo inongova bedzi nhano pfupi kusvika ruzvidzo nokuda kwavanhukadzi nembavarira isina mufungo chose chose yavanhurume uye nhano pfupi chaiyo yokubatwa chibharo nomuzivikanwi kana kuti nomukomana waunodana naye. Uye pamusoro pokubata chibharo, ngakurege kukanganwiwa kuti “denho ingapera muchinguvana, asi kunzwa kwomunhu kuchatapurwa kwenduramo.”—Mushumo weDare.

Varume vazhinji, kunyange zvazvo vasati vari vamasimba masimba mumuviri mukurwisana navakadzi, vanogona kurondedzerwa semhandu dzavakadzi, kana kuti savavengi vavakadzi zvikuru. Panzvimbo pamasimba masimba omuviri, vanoshandisa kubata zvisina kufanira mundangariro kana kuti kurova. Mubhuku rake rinonzi Men Who Hate Women & the Women Who Love Them, Dr. Susan Forward anoti: “Sokuvarondedzera kwakaita vakwanyina vavo, [ava varume] kazhinji kazhinji vaifarira uye kunyange kuda, asi vaikwanisa kutendeukira kuutsinye, kutsoropodza, uye muitiro wokudenha kamwe kwamwe. Muitiro wavo unobatanidza nzvimbo huru, kubvira pakuvhundutsira netyisidziro zvinooneka kusvika kudenho dzamano mano, dzokuchochora uko kwakatora chimiro chinozvidza chenguva dzose kana kuti kutsoropodza kunoparadza. Upi kana upi waiva muitiro, miuyo yakanga yakafanana. Murume aiwana udzori kupfurikidza nokunetsa mukadzi. Ava varume vairambawo kutora mutoro upi noupi nokuda kwenzira iyo denho dzavo dzakaita kuti vakwanyina vavo vanzwe nayo.”

Yasuko,a mukadzi muduku weJapan, zvino ava namakore 15 aroorwa, akaudza Mukai! nezvechinoitika chemhuri yake: “Baba vangu vairova nokubata zvisina kufanira amai vangu nguva dzose. Vaivabanha nokuvarova, kuvazvuzvurudza nebvudzi, uye kunyange kuvatema namatombo. Asika munoziva here kuti nei? Nemhaka yokuti vaitsunga kuvadenha pamusoro pokusatendeka kwavo nomumwe mukadzi. Maonaka, mutsika yechiJapan, kunorangarirwa kuva kwakarovedzeka zvikuru kuti murume ave nehure. Amai vangu vaifunga zvikuru kupfuura iye uye vakaramba kukugamuchira. Pashure pamakore 16 eroorano navana vana, vakawana chatanuro. Vakasiiwa vasina mari yokudyisa nokupfekedza vana inobva kuna baba vangu.”

Bva, kunyange uko kurohwa kwomudzimai kwave kuchishumwa kuzviremera, kazhinji kazhinji hakuna kudzivisa murume anozvireverera kuponda mudzimai wake. Panhambo zhinji, munyika dzakadai seUnited States, mutemo wave usina kukwana kuti udzivirire mukwanyina anotyisidzirwa naanovhundutsirwa. “Imwe fundo yakaratidza kuti muinopfuura hafu yemhondi dzose dzavadzimai kunoitwa navarume vavo, mapurisa akadanwa kudzimba kashanu mumakore akapfuura kuti afeyefeye nyunyuto yamasimba masimba omumba.” (Mushumo weDare) Muzvinoitika zvokunyanyisa, kuti azviponese amene pakubatwazve zvisina kufanira, mudzimai akauraya murume wake.

Masimba masimba omumba, umo mukadzi anowanzova nyajambwa, anozviratidzira amene munzira zhinji dzakasiana. MuIndia chiverengero chakashumwa chedzinonzi nzufu dzechipo chinopiwa nomukadzi pakuroorwa (varume vanouraya vadzimai nemhaka yokusagutsikana nechipo chinopiwa nomukadzi pakuroorwa chiri kubhadharwa nemhuri yomudzimai) chakawedzera kubvira pa 2 209 muna 1988 kusvikira ku 4 835 muna 1990. Idzi nhamba hadzingagoni kurangarirwa sedzakakwana kana kuti dzakarurama, kunyange zvakadaro, sezvo nzufu zhinji dzavakadzi dzichimirirwa zvisina kufanira setsaona dzomumba—kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nokupisa noune neparafini inoshandiswa pakubika. Kunowedzerwa kuna ikoku ndiko kuzviuraya kwavadzimai vasingachakwanisizve kunangana nenhamo yomumba.

Apo Chisarudzo Chiri Chavanakomana Kana Kuti Chavanasikana

Vakadzi vanosarurwa kubvira pakuberekwa uye kunyange pamberi pokuberekwa. Kunodaro sei? Mukai! yakabvunzurudza Madhu wokuBombay, India, nokuda kwemhinduro imwe: “Apo mwanakomana anoberekwa mumhuri yeIndia, panova nokufara. Zvinetso zvaamai zvapera. Zvino vabereki vane mwanakomana wokuvatarisira mukukwegura kwavo. ‘Mudyandigere’ wavo unosimbisirwa. Asi kana vakabereka mwanasikana, anorangarirwa sekundikano. Kwakaita sokunge kuti waunza mumwe mutwaro munyika. Vabereki vanotofanira kugovera chipo chinopiwa nomukadzi pakuroorwa chinodhura kuti mumwe munhu amuroore. Uye kana amai vakaramba vachibereka vanasikana, ipapo vanova murasikirwi.”b

Magazini inonzi Indian Express yakashuma pamusoro pavasikana vomuIndia, kuti: “Kurarama kwavo hakurangarirwi kuva kunokosha zvomenemene kukurarama kwemhuri.” Manyuko mamwe chetewo anodudza kunzvera muBombay uko kwa“kazivisa kuti mumiviri ichigere kukwana ine 8 000 inopfupfudzwa pashure penzvero dzinozivisa kuti mwana munhuyi, 7 999 yaiva vanhukadzi.”

Elisabeth Bumiller anonyora, kuti: “Mugariro wavamwe vakadzi veIndia wakashata zvikuru zvokuti kana mugariro wavo wakawana ngwariro yakapiwa kune uyo wavorushoma vendudzi nedzinza muna mamwe mativi enyika, chisakiso chavo chingagamuchirwa namapoka amaruramiro avanhu.”—May You Be the Mother of a Hundred Sons.

“Basa Romukadzi Haritongoitwi”

Kunowanzotaurwa kuti “basa romukadzi haritongoitwi.” Asi kunoreva zvokwadi kuti varume vanowanzofuratira. Mukadzi ana vana haasati ane rusununguko rworudungwe rwakarongwa rwebasa, kubvira panguva yorusere kusvikira pane yeshanu, sezvinowanzoita varume. Kana mwana ari kuchema usiku, ndiani uyo sezvinobvira zvikuru anodavidza? Ndiani anochenesa, anogeza zvipfeko, uye anoaina? Ndiani anobika uye kupa zvokudya apo murume anosvika pamba achibva kubasa? Ndiani anorongedza ndiro pashure pezvokudya dzokonokei ogadzirira vana kundorara? Uye munyika zhinji, mukuwedzera kuna ikoku kose, ndiani anokarirwa kundoteka mvura uye kunyange kushanda muminda akabereka mwana kumusana? Kazhinji kazhinji ndimai. Rudungwe rwavo harusati ruchingova bedzi maawa 8 kana kuti 9 pazuva; runowanzova maawa 12 kusvikira ku 14 kana kuti kupfuura. Zvisinei, hapana mubhandaro wenguva yomuraudzo nokuda kwavo—uye kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru hapanawo kutaura kwokuonga!

Mukuwirirana namagazini inonzi World Health, muEthiopia “vakadzi [vazhinji] vanokarirwa kushanda maawa 16 kusvikira ku 18 pazuva, [uye] mwero wavo womubhadharo wakaderera zvikuru zvokuti havagoni kuzvitarisira vamene nemhuri dzavo. . . . Nzara ndichinoitika chezuva nezuva; mune zvinoitika zvizhinji, ivo [vakadzi vatsvaki vehuni navatakuri] vanowana bedzi chokudya chimwe chisina kukwana pazuva uye vanowanzobva pamisha yavo vasina kudya chisvusvuro.”

Siu, akabva Hong Kong, zvino ave akaroorwa kwamakore 20, akati: “Mumashoko echiChina, varume vanokombamira kukuzvidza vakadzi, vachivarangarira savabetseri vomumba uye vatakuri vavana kana kuti, kune rumwe rutivi, sezvidhori, zvitambiso, kana kuti vanyajambwa vevatano. Asi zvomenemene, icho isu vakadzi tinoda ndicho chokubatwa sezvisikwa zvakangwara. Tinoda kuti varume vatiteerere patinotaura uye kwete bedzi kungoita chinhu sokunge kuti isu tiri zvidhori!”

Hakushamisi kuti bhuku rinonzi Men and Women rinoti: “Kunzvimbo iri yose, kunyange kana vakadzi vachirangarirwa zvakakwirira, mibato yavarume inokosheswa kupfuura iyo yavakadzi. Kuti nzanga inogovera sei mitoro namabasa pakati pavarume navakadzi hakutongokoshi; ayo ari avarume nomutoo usingadzivisiki anokosha zvikuru mumeso enzanga yose.”

Idi renhau nderokuti basa romukadzi mumusha rinowanzorerutswa. Nokudaro, mashoko esumo erinonzi The World’s Women—1970-1990 anoti: “Migariro yokurarama kwavakadzi—nemipiro yavo kumhuri, mari neimba—zvave zvisingaoneki zvikurukuru. Zviverengero zvizhinji zvakarondedzerwa mumashoko anoratidzira migariro yavarume nemipiro, kwete yavakadzi, kana kuti kungoregeredza bedzi vanhukadzi. . . . Basa rakawanda rinoitwa navakadzi richiri risingatongorangarirwi kuva roukoshi hupi nohupi hwemari—uye haritoyerwi.”

Muna 1934, munyori weNorth America Gerald W. Johnson akaratidzira mifungo pamusoro pavakadzi vari munzvimbo yebasa: “Kazhinji kazhinji mukadzi anowana basa romurume asi haawanzowana muripo womurume. Chikonzero ndechokuti hakuna chimiro chinofungidzirwa chomubato wezuva nezuva chisingagoni kuitwa zviri nani nomurume kupinda chinoitwa nomukadzi upi noupi. Vasoni vemijivha vakurusa navasoni vengowani varume . . . Vabiki vakurusa varume nguva dzose. . . . Pano chaipo uye zvino iidi kuti mubatirwi upi noupi anodisa kupa murume mari yakawanda kupfuura yaanopa mukadzi nokuda kwebasa rimwe chetero nokuti iye ane chikonzero chokudavira kuti murume achariita zviri nani.” Tsinhiro iyeyo, kunyange zvazvo ingave yave iri isina huchokwadi, yakaratidzira zvikanganiso, zvichiri mundangariro dzavanhurume munguva ino.

Kushaikwa Kworuremekedzo—Chinetso Chenyika Yose

Tsika iri yose yakavamba zvimiro zvayo, zvikanganiso, uye kufungira mano akaipa pamusoro pebasa ravakadzi munzanga. Asi mubvunzo unofanira kupindurwa ndouyu, Ko izvi zvimiro zvinoratidza ruremekedzo rwakafanira nokuda kwechiremera chavakadzi here? Kana kuti, panzvimbo pezvo, zvinoratidzira udzori hwavanhurume kwamazana amakore nokuda kwesimba romuviri gurusa renguva dzose romurume here? Kana vakadzi vachibatwa savaranda kana kuti savanhu vokudyeredzera, ipapo ruripiko ruremekedzo nokuda kwechiremera chavo? Kumwero mukuru zvikuru kana kuti muduku zvikuru, tsika zhinji dzakatsausira basa romukadzi ndokusekesa kuzviremekedza kwake.

Mumwe muenzaniso wavazhinji mukupota nyika yose unobva muAfrica: “Vakadzi veYoruba [Nigeria] vanofanira kuedzesera kuva vasingazivi uye vakanyarara mukuvapo kwavarume vavo, uye pakupa zvokudya, vanodikanirwa kupfugama patsoka dzavarume vavo.” (Men and Women) Muna mamwe mativi enyika, uku kuzviisa pasi kungaratidzirwa munzira dzakasiana-siana—kuva kwomudzimai anofanira kufamba daro rakati kuti shure kwomurume wake, kana kuti anofanira kufamba apo iye anenge akatasva bhiza kana kuti nyurusi, kana kuti anofanira kutakura mitwaro apo murume anenge asina, kana kuti kufanira kudya vakaparadzana, uye zvichingodaro.

Mubhuku rake rinonzi The Japanese, Edwin Reischauer, akaberekwa uye akarerwa muJapan, akanyora, kuti: “Zvimiro zvendangariro zvembavarira yokusava nomufungo yavanhurume zvinooneka nomutoo wakajeka muJapan. . . . Bumbiro retsika dzevatano, rinosia murume akasununguka uye mukadzi achiganhurirwa, richiri ravose. . . . Uyezve, vakadzi vakaroorwa vanokarirwa kuva vakatendeka zvikuru kupfuura varume.”

Kufanana nomunyika dzakawanda, kunetswa kwavakadzi chinetsowo muJapan, zvikurukuru muzvitima zvakapakwa mumikoto yapasi munhambo iyo vanhu vanofamba muchimbi-chimbi. Yasuko, womuGuta reHino, sabhabhu yeTokyo, akaudza Mukai!, kuti: “Somukadzi muduku, ndaiwanzokwira chitima kupinda muTokyo. Kwakanga kuchikwenudza zvikuru nokuti varume vaishandisa banza romugariro wacho kuti vabe nokubatabata pari pose pavaigona. Chii chataigona kuita isu vakadzi pamusoro pakwo? Taitofanira kukutsungirira hedu. Asi kwakanga kuchinyadzisa. Panhambo yamangwanani apo vanhu vanofamba muchimbi-chimbi, pakanga pane chitima chiri choga chavakadzi, naizvozvo zvimwe vamwe vaigona kupukunyuka kubatwa zvisina kufanira ikoko.”

Sue, aichimbova mugari womuJapan, akanga ane nzira yake amene yokuzvisunungura paidzi ngwariro. Aitaura nenzwi guru kuti, “Fuzakenai de kudasai!” uko kunoreva kuti “Rega kuva sebenzi!” Iye anoti: “Ikoko kwakawana ngwariro nechiito nokukurumidza. Hapana munhu aida kunyadziswa pamberi pavamwe vose. Pakarepo paisava nomurume mumwe anondibata!”

Kushaikwa kworuremekedzo nokuda kwavakadzi muboka reimba sezvinooneka chinetso chenyika yose. Asi zvakadiniko nebasa ravakadzi munzvimbo yebasa? Vanowana Ruremekedzo rukuru nokuzivikanwa ikoko here?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 6]

Ko Kuti Mwana Munhuyi Kunosarudzwa Sei?

“Kunzi munhuyi kwomwana achigere kuberekwa kunosarudzwa pakarepo pakunamba, uye ndiro zai rourume hwababa rinosarudza. Chizvaro chiri chose, kana kuti zai, iro mukadzi anobudisa nderechinhukadzi mupfungwa yokuti iro rina X, kana kuti chromosome munhukadzi, yomutezo wokubereka nawo. Mumurume, hafu bedzi yamasero ourume ine X chromosome, nepo imwe hafu ina Y, iyo iri chromosome yomutezo wokubereka nawo womunhurume.” Naizvozvo, kana machromosome avana X vaviri akabatana, muuyo uchava musikana; kana Y womunhurume akabatana na X womunhukadzi, mwana anova mukomana. Nokudaro, kana mukadzi ane vakomana kana kuti vasikana kunosarudzwa nechisarudzo chamachromosome ari muurume hwomunhurume. (ABC’s of the Human Body, chinyorwa cheReader’s Digest) Kusava nomufungo kuti murume ape mhaka mudzimai wake nokuda kwokubereka vanasikana bedzi. Hapana munhu anofanira kupiwa mhaka. Kunongova bedzi rotari yokubereka.

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]

Mwero Mikurusa Yengwavaira

Mubhuku rake rinonzi Feminism Without Illusions, Elizabeth Fox-Genovese akanyora, kuti: “Pane chikonzero chakanaka chokudavira kuti varume vazhinji . . . vanoedzwa nomutoo unowedzera kushandisa simba [ravo] mumugariro mumwe umo nomutoo wakajeka muchiri kuvapa betsero—ukama hwavo somunhu oga navakadzi. Kana ndakarurama mune iyi nyumwiro, ipapo tiri kutarira ngwavaira yemwero mikurusa.” Uye ngwavaira yemwero mikurusa iyoyo inobatanidza mamirioni avakadzi vanotambura zuva nezuva kushushwa nomurume, baba, kana kuti mumwe munhurume upi noupi—munhurume anokundikana ku“svitsa miedzo yokuenzana uye ruramisiro.”

“Munyika dzina makumi matatu [dzeUnited States], kuchiri kwapamutemo zvikurukuru kuti varume vabate chibharo vakadzi vavo; uye nyika gumi bedzi dzine mutemo unobvumira kusungwa nokuda kwamasimba masimba omumba . . . Vakadzi vasina chimwe chisarudzo kunze kwokutiza vanowana kuti ikoko hakusatiwo kuri mumwe mutoo mukuru ungashandiswa. . . . Chikamu chimwe chamativi matatu chavakadzi vanorohwa vane 1 mirioni vanotsvaka pokugara pomugariro wakashata gore rimwe nerimwe vanogona kuwana pamwe.”—Sumo yebhuku raBacklash—The Undeclared War Against American Women, rakanyorwa naSusan Faludi.

[Mufananidzo]

Kuna mamirioni, masimba masimba omumba rutivi rwakasviba rwoupenyu hwemhuri

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Mazana amamirioni anorarama asina mvura inoyerera, nzvimbo inoyereredzerwa matsvina, kana kuti magetsi mumisha yavo—kana vane musha