Jambo, yoba yari “Imana” canke yari “imana”?

ICO ni ikibazo abahinduzi ba Bibiliya bategerezwa kwicarira igihe baba bariko barahindura mu rundi rurimi umurongo wa mbere w’Injili ya Yohani. Muri Bibiliya yitwa Impinduro y’isi nshasha, uwo murongo uhindurwa gutya: “Mu ntango Jambo yariho, kandi Jambo yari kumwe n’Imana, kandi Jambo yari imana.” (Yohani 1:1) Izindi mpinduro zimwezimwe za Bibiliya zihindura igice ca nyuma c’uwo murongo mu buryo buserura iciyumviro c’uko Jambo yari afise “imero nk’iy’Imana,” canke ikindi ciyumviro gisa n’ico. (A New Translation of the Bible, y’uwitwa Moffatt; The New English Bible) Ariko rero, impinduro nyinshi za Bibiliya zihindura ico gice ca nyuma co muri Yohani 1:1 gutya: “Kandi Jambo yari Imana.”​—Bibiliya Yera; Bible de Jérusalem.

Ni kubera iki Bibiliya y’Impinduro y’isi nshasha ivuga ko Jambo ari “imana” ikoresheje urudome rutoyi, ntikoreshe urudome rukuru? Impamvu irafitaniye isano n’indimburo y’ikigiriki be n’amajambo akikuje ico canditswe. Ivyo bintu bibiri birerekana mu buryo bukomeye yuko Impinduro y’isi nshasha ihindura neza uwo murongo kandi ko “Jambo” adakwiye kwitiranywa n’iyo “Mana” iba ihejeje kuvugwa muri uwo murongo. Ku bijanye n’indimburo, kuba ikigiriki co mu kinjana ca mbere kitakoresha utujambo twerekana yuko izina riba rivuzwe ryerekeza ku bintu muri rusangi canke ryerekeza ku bintu kandondwa (nk’akarorero mu gifaransa bakoresha: “un, [une]” canke “le [la]”), abantu bamwebamwe usanga badatahura kumwe ico canditswe. Kugira ngo dutomore neza ico kibazo, reka twihweze impinduro ya Bibiliya yo mu rurimi rwavugwa mu binjana vyo mu ntango mu gihe cacu.

Urwo rurimi ni igisayidike (saïdique) gikomoka ku rurimi rwitwa igikobute (copte). Igikobute cavugwa mu Misiri mu binjana vyaciye bikurikira Yezu akimara gusozera ubusuku yaranguriye kw’isi, igisayidike na co kikaba bwari uburyo candikwamwo mu ntango. Ku vyerekeye impinduro za Bibiliya za kera cane zo mu gikobute, inyizamvugo imwe (The Anchor Bible Dictionary) igira iti: “Kubera yuko [ya Bibiliya yitwa Septante] be n’[Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki] vyariko birahindurwa mu gikobute mu kinjana ca 3 G.C., Bibiliya yo muri urwo rurimi yahinduwe hisunzwe [ivyandikano vy’iminwe vy’ikigiriki], bino bikaba mu buryo buboneka ari ivya kera kuruta ibimenyamenya vyinshi cane bikiriho na bugingo n’ubu.”

Igisomwa co mu gisayidike gikomoka mu gikobute usanga gishimishije bimwe bidasanzwe kubera imvo zibiri. Ubwa mbere, nk’uko twamaze kubivuga, ico gisomwa kirerekana ukuntu Ivyanditswe vyatahurwa imbere y’ikinjana ca kane, ico gihe akaba ari ho inyigisho y’Ubutatu yemerwa ku mugaragaro. Ubwa kabiri, indimburo y’igikobute hari ukuntu isa cane n’indimburo y’icongereza mu muce umwe uhambaye. Impinduro za Bibiliya za kera cane z’Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki zari mu rurimi rw’igisiriyake, mu kilatini no mu gikobute. Ururimi rw’igisiriyake n’ikilatini, cokimwe n’ikigiriki co muri ico gihe, ntizikoresha mwene twa tujambo twerekana yuko izina riba rivuzwe ryerekeza ku bintu muri rusangi canke ku bintu kandondwa. Ariko rero, igikobute kirakoresha utwo tujambo. Vyongeye, mu gitabu kimwe (Introduction to Sahidic Coptic), incabwenge yitwa Thomas O. Lambdin, yanditse iti: “Uburyo mwene twa tujambo twerekana yuko izina riba rivuzwe ryerekeza ku bintu muri rusangi canke ryerekeza ku bintu kandondwa dukoreshwa mu gikobute, usanga busa cane n’ingene dukoreshwa mu congereza.”

Ku bw’ivyo rero, impinduro ya Bibiliya yo mu gikobute iratanga ikimenyamenya gishimishije c’ingene icanditswe co muri Yohani 1:1 cari gutahurwa ico gihe. None ico kimenyamenya ni ikihe? Muri ico gice ca nyuma co muri Yohani 1:1, impinduro ya Bibiliya yo mu gisayidike gikomoka ku gikobute irakoresha akajambo kerekana yuko izina riba rivuzwe ryerekeza ku bintu muri rusangi. Ku bw’ivyo rero, impinduro yo mu gikobute isomwa ngo “Kandi Jambo yari imana” (ukoresheje urudome “i” rutoyi). Biragaragara rero ko abo bahinduzi bo mu gihe ca kera batahura ko amajambo Yohani yanditse muri Yohani 1:1 atasobanura yuko Yezu yari Imana Mushoboravyose. Jambo yari imana, ntiyari Imana Mushoboravyose.

[Ifoto ku rup. 24]

◗ YOHANI 1:1. CA GISOMWA CO MU GISAYIDIKE GIKOMOKA MU GIKOBUTE; INKOROGOTO YITWA P.CHESTER BEATTY-813; BIRI KUMWE N’INSOBANURO YACO

Mu ntango hariho Jambo kandi Jambo yari kumwe n’Imana kandi imana yari Jambo

[Abodukesha ifoto]

Reproduced by Permission of the Chester Beatty Library