Bibiliya ivuga iki ku vyerekeye Daniyeli?

Inyishu Bibiliya itanga

Daniyeli yari umuhanuzi w’Umuyuda yabayeho hagati y’ikinjana c’indwi n’ica gatandatu imbere ya Kristu. Imana yaramuhaye ubushobozi bwo gusobanura indoto, iramwereka ibintu bizoba muri kazoza, yongera iramuhumekera kwandika igitabu co muri Bibiliya citirirwa izina ryiwe.—Daniyeli 1:17; 2:19.

Daniyeli yari nde?

Daniyeli yakuriye muri Yuda, ubwami bwarimwo igisagara ca Yeruzalemu hamwe n’urusengero rw’Abayuda. Mu 617 imbere ya Kristu, umwami wa Babiloni Nebukadinezari, yarigaruriye Yeruzalemu yongera atwara “abantu bakurubakuru bo muri ico gihugu” mu bunyagano i Babiloni. (2 Abami 24:15; Daniyeli 1:1) Daniyeli na we nyene baramutwaye, ico gihe akaba ashobora kuba yari umuyabaga.

Daniyeli n’abandi bakiri bato bajanywe ku kirimba i Babiloni.

Daniyeli n’abandi bahungu bakiri bato (harimwo Shaduraki, Meshaki, na Abedinego) barajanywe ku kirimba i Babiloni kugira bamenyerezwe ku bw’ibikorwa bokoreye ku kirimba. Naho babahase ngo bakore ibintu bibi, Daniyeli hamwe n’abagenzi biwe batatu bagumye ari intahemuka ku Mana yabo Yehova. (Daniyeli 1:3-8) Bamaze imyaka itatu bamenyerezwa, Umwami Nebukadinezari yarashimye ubukerebutsi n’ubuhanga bari bafise, avuga mbere ko “baruta incuro cumi abaherezi b’abanyamageza bose be n’abahamagara imizimu bari mu karere kose aganza.” Yaragenye Daniyeli n’abagenzi biwe gukorera ku kirimba.—Daniyeli 1:18-20.

Haciye imyaka mirongo, igihe Daniyeli yari afise imyaka 90 yararengukijwe ku kirimba. Umugabo yitwa Belushazari akaba ari we yatwara Babiloni, yarasavye Daniyeli gusobanura inyandiko yari yanditse ku ruhome mu buryo butangaje. Daniyeli ayobowe n’Imana, yaramenyesheje ko intwaro y’Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi yokwigaruriye Babiloni. Muri iryo joro nyene Babiloni yarafashwe.—Daniyeli 5:1, 13-31.

Daniyeli ariko arasigura inyandiko zari ku ruhome.

Igihe Babiloni yatwarwa n’Abamedi n’Abaperesi, Daniyeli yaragenywe kuba umutegetsi mukuru kandi Umwami Dariyo yariyumviriye kumushira hejuru. (Daniyeli 6:1-3) Abategetsi bakuru baragiriye ishari Daniyeli baca bagira umugambi wo kumwicisha mu kumuterera mu cobo c’intambwe, ariko Yehova yaramurokoye. (Daniyeli 6:4-23) Mu mpera y’ubuzima bwiwe, umumarayika yaramubonekeye yongera aramuhumuriza incuro zibiri ko yari “umuntu ahimbaye cane.”—Daniyeli 10:11, 19.

Nurabe ukuntu ivyo bintu vyagenze mu bice bibiri vy’igikino gishingiye kuri Bibiliya kivuga ngo Daniyeli: Ubuzima bwiwe bwaranzwe n’ukwizera.

Kahise gahishura iki ku vyerekeye igitabu co muri Bibiliya ca Daniyeli?

Ivyo Daniyeli yanditse: Nebukadinezari yarakoze igishusho amahanga, ategeka abantu bose kugisenga, abatamugamburukiye na bo abata mw’itanure ry’umuriro.—Daniyeli 3:1-6.

Ivyo kahise gahishura: Nk’uko igitabu kimwe c’inkoranyabumenyi (Encyclopædia Britannica) kibivuga, Nebukadinezari yarubatse inyubakwa amahero i Babiloni “kugira yininahaze ubwiwe yongere atere iteka imana. Yavuze ko ‘ari we yatumye abantu basenga imana zikomeye.’”

Ibijanye no gutererwa mw’itanure ry’umuriro biravugwa incuro nyinshi mu vyandikano vy’i Babiloni. Hari n’igihe umutware ari we yabitegeka. Igitabu kimwe ca kera co mu gihe c’intwaro ya Nebukadinezari kirerekana ukuntu abategetsi bahanwa igihe baba bagirijwe gukengera imana z’i Babiloni. Ico gitabu kivuga giti: “Nimubice, mubaturire, mubotse, . . . mw’ifuru yo gutekeramwo . . . mureke akotsi kabo kaduge mu kirere, mwongereze umuriro gushika bacikanye.”a

Ivyo Daniyeli yanditse: Umwami Nebukadinezari yarirase kubera inyubakwa ziwe.—Daniyeli 4:29, 30.

Itafari ryatowe i Babiloni ryanditseko izina rya Nebukadinezari

Ivyo kahise gahishura: “Ibintu Nebukadinezari yanditse ku bimwerekeye ubwiwe, birerekana ko yibona yuko ari umwami akomeye cane kandi agororotse.”b Nk’akarorero, hari inyubakwa imwe yanditseko ibintu Nebukadinezari yirase avuga. Bimwe muri vyo ni ibi: “Narubatse igihome gikomeye nkoresheje ikaburimbo n’amatafari ku buryo kizokwamaho nk’umusozi . . . Narakomeje inyubakwa z’urusengero rwa Esagila n’iz’i Babiloni nongera ntuma intwaro yanje iba iyikomeye ibihe bidahera.”c Menshi mu matafari yubuwe i Babiloni yanditseko izina rya Nebukadinezari.

Ivyo Daniyeli yanditse: Umwami Belushazari yarasavye Daniyeli ngo “aganze ari uwugira gatatu mu bwami” bwa Babiloni.—Daniyeli 5:1, 13-16.

Iki candikano co kuva mu 550 imbere ya Kristu kiravuga ivy’Umwami Nabonide n’umuhungu wiwe Belushazari

Ivyo kahise gahishura: Umugabo umwe yitwa Nabonide yari umwami igihe ikigabane ca 5 c’igitabu ca Daniyeli candikwa. Ariko, igihe kinini Nabonide ntiyakimaze i Babiloni, ahubwo yakimaze muri Arabiya. None ni nde yaganza i Babiloni igihe atari ahari? Umuhinga mu vya kahise Raymond Philip Dougherty yasiguye mu gitabu ciwe (Nabonidus and Belshazzar) ati: “Igitabu kimwe ca kera kivuga ko Nabonide yasigiye ingoma yiwe umuhungu wiwe mukuru Belushazari. Belushazari ni we yarangura ibikorwa vy’i bwami igihe se wiwe atari ahari.” Kubera ko Nabonide na Belushazari bari bafise ikibanza ca mbere n’ica kabiri mu bwami, Belushazari yahaye Daniyeli ikibanza kigira gatatu.

a Journal of Biblical Literature, imbumbe ya 128, inomero ya 2, urupapuro rwa 279 n’urwa 284.

b Babylon—City of Wonders, canditswe na Irving Finkel hamwe na Michael Seymour, urupapuro rwa 17.

c Archæology and the Bible, canditswe na George Barton, urupapuro rwa 479.