Coverdale yaratumye haboneka Bibiliya ya mbere ikwiye yo mu congereza

BIBILIYA ya mbere yuzuye yacapuwe mu congereza ntiyarimwo izina ry’uwayihinduye. Yahinduwe na Miles Coverdale isohorwa mu 1535. Ico gihe, umugenzi wiwe William Tyndale yari apfunzwe kubera bimwebimwe mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga yari amaze gukora bijanye no guhindura Bibiliya. Tyndale yishwe mu mwaka wakurikiye.

Igihimba kimwe ca Bibiliya ya Coverdale cari gishingiye ku vyo Tyndale yari yarakoze. Coverdale yashoboye gute gucapurisha Bibiliya yiwe ariko ntiyicwe kandi abandi bahinduzi ba Bibiliya bo mu gihe ciwe barahasiga agatwe? Ni ibiki yahavuye ashikako?

Imbuto zibibwa

Miles Coverdale yavukiye i Yorkshire mu Bwongereza, kumbure mu 1488. Yize kuri kaminuza y’i Cambridge maze yatirwa kuba umupatiri wa Ekeleziya gatolika y’i Roma mu 1514. Umwigisha wiwe Robert Barnes ni we yatumye aharanira amahinduka mw’idini rya gatolika. Mu 1528 Barnes yaravuye mu Bwongereza ahungira mu kindi gihugu ca Buraya. Haciye imyaka 12, indongozi za Ekeleziya zaramutuririye ku giti.

Mu 1528, Coverdale yari yaratanguye kwigisha mw’idini rya gatolika inyigisho zirwanya imigenzo idashingiye kuri Bibiliya yagirwa muri iryo dini, nk’ugusenga ibigirwamana, ukwirega n’imisa. Kubera ko ico gihe ubuzima bwiwe bwari mu kaga, yaravuye mu bwongereza ahungira mu kindi gihugu ca Buraya, aho yamaze nk’imyaka indwi.

I Hambourg mu Budagi, Coverdale yari kumwe na William Tyndale. Abo bagabo babiri barakoreye hamwe kuko bompi bipfuza gusohora Bibiliya ishobora gusomwa n’abanyagihugu. Muri ico gihe, Coverdale yarigiye vyinshi kuri Tyndale mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo guhindura Bibiliya.

Igihe c’ihinduka

Ico gihe ibintu vyariko birahinduka mu Bwongereza. Mu 1534, Umwami Henri w’umunani yariyamirije icese ubukuru bwa papa wa gatolika y’i Roma. Yarashima kandi iciyumviro co kuronsa abantu Bibiliya mu congereza. Coverdale yahavuye atangura ico gikorwa. Yari umuhinga mu congereza ariko yari abuze ubuhinga mu vy’indimi umugenzi wiwe akaba n’umurezi wiwe Tyndale yari afise; Tyndale yari azi kuvuga neza igiheburayo n’ikigiriki. Coverdale yarasubiyemwo Bibiliya yahinduwe na Tyndale yifashishije ibisomwa vyayo vyo mu kilatini no mu kidagi.

Bibiliya ya Coverdale yacapuriwe i Buraya mu 1535, Tyndale aca yicwa mu mwaka ukurikira. Iyo Bibiliya yarimwo amajambo yo kuyitura Umwami Henri, akaba yari amajambo ateye iteka yasa n’ayamuhayagiza cane. Coverdale yarasubirije umutima mu nda umwami ko iyo Bibiliya itarimwo utujambo tw’epfo twa Tyndale, tuno tukaba twabonwa ko duteye impari. Imvo imwe yabituma ni uko twashira ahabona inyigisho zidashingiye kuri Bibiliya za Ekeleziya gatolika. Henri yarashigikiye icapurwa ry’iyo Bibiliya. Ibintu vyari bitanguye guhinduka.

Mu 1537, Bibiliya ya Coverdale yarasubiye gusohoka mu nteguro zibiri, zino zikaba zacapuriwe mu Bwongereza. Muri uwo mwaka nyene, Umwami Henri yaremeje Bibiliya yataziriwe ngo Bibiliya ya Matayo; yacapuriwe i Anvers, ikaba yarimwo igisomwa cahinduwe na Tyndale be n’icahinduwe na Coverdale.

Thomas Cromwell umuhanuzi mukuru w’umwami, ashigikiwe na Cranmer Musenyeri mukuru wa Cantorbéry, ntiyatevye kubona ko iyo Bibiliya ya Matayo yari ikeneye kuryohorwa. Yaciye rero asubira kwikora kuri Coverdale ngo aryohore igisomwa cayo cose. Mu 1539, Umwami Henri yaremeje iyo nteguro nshasha aca ategeka ko amakopi y’iyo Bibiliya, iyiswe Great Bible kubera ubunini bwayo, ashirwa mu masengero kugira ngo bose bayasome. Iyo Bibiliya yakiranywe urweze n’igishika mu gihugu cose.

Iragi Coverdale yasize

Umwami Henri w’umunani amaze gupfa agasubirirwa na Édouard wa gatandatu, Coverdale yaragenywe mu 1551 ngo abe musenyeri w’i Exeter. Ariko igihe wa mwamikazi w’umugatolika Marie yasubirira Édouard ku ngoma mu 1553, Coverdale yaciye abwirizwa guhungira muri Danemarke. Yahavuye yimukira mu Buswise, akaba ari ho yabandanirije igikorwa ciwe. Yarasohoye kandi integuro zitatu z’icongereza z’igikunze kwitwa Isezerano rishasha, zikaba zarimwo n’igisomwa c’ikilatini kugira ngo abakuru b’idini bacifashishe mu kwiga.

Ikintu gitangaje kiranga Bibiliya ya Coverdale ni uko itarimwo izina ry’Imana rivugwa ngo Yehova. Tyndale yakoresheje izina ry’Imana incuro zirenga 20 mu gisomwa yahinduye c’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo. Uwitwa J. F. Mozley avuga mu gitabu Coverdale na Bibiliya ziwe (mu congereza) ati: “Mu 1535, Coverdale yaranse gukoresha ijambo [Yehova].” Ariko rero muri Bibiliya Great Bible yaciye ashiramwo izina ry’Imana Yehova incuro zitatu.

Mugabo Bibiliya ya Coverdale ni yo Bibiliya ya mbere yo mu congereza yarimwo za ndome zine z’igiheburayo zigize izina ry’Imana, rikaba ryari hejuru ku rupapuro ruriko umutwe wayo. Birashimishije kubona ari yo Bibiliya ya mbere yakoranirije hamwe mu makuru yayo y’inyongera ibitabu vyose bitari mu bisanzwe vyemewe ko bigize Bibiliya aho kubivanga n’ibitabu vy’Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo.

Menshi mu majambo adasanzwe Coverdale yakoresheje yahavuye akoreshwa n’abandi bahinduzi bo mu nyuma. Aho twovuga nk’akarorero imvugo “umwonga w’igitutu c’urupfu” iboneka muri Zaburi 23, umurongo wa 4. Umuhinga S. L. Greenslade avuga ko imvugo “ubuntu bwuzuye urukundo” iboneka mu murongo wa 6 ari “imvugo idasanzwe itandukanya urukundo Imana ifitiye abasavyi bayo n’urukundo ikunda abantu muri rusangi be n’imbabazi.” Ya Bibiliya y’isi nshasha yo mu gifaransa y’amarabiro irakoresha iyo mvugo nyene ariko igaca yongerako akajambo k’epfo ngo: “Canke, ‘urukundo rudahemuka.’”

Igitabu citwa Bibiliya zo mu Bwongereza (mu congereza) kivuga ko ya Bibiliya Great Bible ya Coverdale “yabaye co kintu gikomeye cane cavuye mu twigoro twose twagizwe kugira haboneke Bibiliya y’icongereza . . . kuva Tyndale atanguye guhindura Isezerano rishasha.” Ahanini Bibiliya ya Coverdale ni yo yatumye bishoboka ko abavuga icongereza bo mu gihe ciwe basoma Bibiliya.

[Amafoto ku rup. 11]

Ibubamfu: Za ndome zine z’igiheburayo zigize izina ry’imana ziri muri ya nteguro yo mu 1537

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Yakuwe mu gitabu The Holy Scriptures of the Olde and Newe Testamente With the Apocripha ca Myles Coverdale

[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 10]

Yakuwe mu gitabu Our English Bible: Its Translations and Translators