Urubanza rw’akarenganyo kuruta izaciwe zose

NI IMANZA nke zo mu bihe vya kera cane zizwi rwose nka rwo, nimba zinariho. Ibitabu bine vyo muri Bibiliya, ivyitwa Injili, birigana ido n’ido ingene Yezu Kristu yafashwe, aracirwa urubanza yongera aricwa. Kubera iki ukwiye kwitwararika ivy’urwo rubanza? Kubera yuko Yezu yasavye abayoboke biwe ngo baze baribuka urupfu rwiwe, ivyo bikaba bituma urwo rubanza rwamushikanye ku rupfu rurushiriza kuba uruhambaye; kubera yuko kandi dukeneye kumenya nimba ivyo Yezu yagirijwe vyari ivy’ukuri, no kubera yuko inkuka Yezu yatanze mu guheba ubuzima bwiwe avyishakiye ihambaye cane kuri twebwe no kuri kazoza kacu.​—Luka 22:19; Yohani 6:40.

Igihe Yezu yacirwa urubanza, igihugu ca Palesitina catwarwa n’Uburoma. Abaroma baremera ko abakuru b’Abayuda baca imanza bisunze amategeko yabo, ariko biboneka ko batabaha ububasha bwemewe n’amategeko bwo kwica inkozi z’ikibi. Yezu rero yafashwe n’abantu bo mw’idini ry’Abayuda bamwanka ariko yishwe n’Abaroma. Ivyo yamamaza vyarabuza amahoro abakuru b’idini ryo muri ico gihe ku buryo abarigize bafashe ingingo y’uko Yezu abwirizwa gupfa. Yamara rero, bashaka ko iyicwa ryiwe ryitwa ko ryisunze amategeko. Umwigisha umwe w’ivy’amategeko yihweje utwigoro bagize kugira bashike kuri ico kintu, yavuze ko urwo rubanza rwose ari “co kibi kibishe kuruta ibindi vyose bimaze kubera muri sentare.”a

Amahinyu yaranze urwo rubanza

Ya mategeko Musa yashikiriza Isirayeli yiswe “amategeko akomeye kandi atomoye kuruta ayandi yose amaze gushingwa.” Ariko rero mu gihe ca Yezu, abarabi bakunda gushinga amategeko ku tuntu twose bari barongeyemwo umuganda w’amategeko atari ayo muri Bibiliya, menshi muri yo akaba yahavuye ashirwa mu gitabu bita Talimudi. (Raba uruzitiro ruvuga ngo “Amategeko y’Abayuda mu binjana vya mbere,” ruri ku rupapuro rwa 20.) Urubanza rwa Yezu rwoba rwarisunze ayo mategeko yo muri Bibiliya n’ayatari ayo muri Bibiliya?

Yezu boba bamuhagaritse bafatiye ku makuru ahuza yatanzwe n’ivyabona bibiri imbere ya sentare ku bijanye n’icaha kanaka yakoze? Kugira ngo iryo hagarikwa ribe iryemewe n’amategeko, ryari rikwiye kwisunga mwene ayo makuru. Muri Palesitina yo mu kinjana ca mbere, Umuyuda yabona ko amategeko yahonyanzwe yaca ajana ibirego vyiwe muri sentare mu biringo isanzwe isasa. Sentare ntiyashobora kwagiriza umuntu, ariko ico yakora kwari ugutohoza ibirego bayizaniye. Ivyabona vyemeza icaha kivugwa ko cakozwe ni vyo vyonyene vyashobora kwagiriza umuntu. Urubanza rwatangura igihe habonetse n’imiburiburi ivyabona bibiri bihuriza ku caha cakozwe. Intahe abo babiri bashinze ni yo yaca iba ikirego catuma umuntu afatwa. Intahe ishinzwe n’icabona kimwe ntiyemerwa. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 19:15) Ariko rero ku bijanye na Yezu, ico abategetsi b’Abayuda bakoze kwabaye ukurondera gusa “uburyo nyabwo” bwo kumukuraho. Baramufashe igihe “akaryo keza” kaboneka, hakaba hari mw’ijoro kandi “ata sinzi riri hafi.”​—Luka 22:2, 5, 6, 53.

Igihe bafata Yezu, nta kintu na kimwe bamwagiriza. Abaherezi be n’abagize Inama Nkuru, ari yo sentare nkuru y’Abayuda, bagiye kurondera ivyabona Yezu yamaze gufatwa. (Matayo 26:59) Ntibashoboye kuronka ivyabona bibiri bihuza mu vyo bivuga. Noneho, ivyo kurondera ivyabona nticari igikorwa c’iyo sentare. Vyongeye, umushingwamanza umwe akaba n’umwanditsi A. Taylor Innes avuga ati: “Gucira umuntu urubanza, na canecane urushobora kumwicisha, utabanje kwerekana neza icaha yagirizwa, ni agahomerabunwa vy’ukuri.”

Akagwi kafashe Yezu kaciye kamujana ku nzu y’uwahoze ari Umuherezi mukuru Anasi, uwaciye atangura kumusambisha. (Luka 22:54; Yohani 18:12, 13) Ivyo Anasi yakoze vyarahonyanze itegeko ryavuga ko ibirego bishobora kwicisha umuntu vyabwirizwa kwumvirizwa ku murango, atari mw’ijoro. Vyongeye, ivyo kwumviriza amasura vyabwirizwa kugirirwa ku mugaragaro muri sentare, atari mu kinyegero. Kubera ko Yezu yari azi ko iryo sambisha ririko rihonyanga amategeko, yaciye yishura Anasi ati: “Umbariza iki? Baza abumvise ivyo nababwiye. Raba! Abo barazi ivyo navuze.” (Yohani 18:21) Anasi yari akwiye kubaza ivyabona aho kubaza uwuburanywa. Ivyo Yezu yavuze vyari gushobora gutuma umucamanza w’inzirabugunge yubahiriza uko imanza zikwiye gucibwa, ariko Anasi we ntiyari arajwe ishinga n’ubutungane.

Yezu atanze iyo nyishu yagiye yumva umupolisi yamuhaye ikofe, kandi ubwo si bwo bukazi bwonyene yagiriwe muri iryo joro. (Luka 22:63; Yohani 18:22) Itegeko dusanga mu gitabu co muri Bibiliya co Guharūra ikigabane ca 35 ryerekeye ibisagara vy’ubuhungiro rivuga yuko abagirizwa icaha babwirizwa gukingirwa ngo ntibagirirwe nabi gushika bakubiswe intahe mu gahanga. Yezu rero yari akwiye gukingirwa muri ubwo buryo.

Abafashe Yezu baciye bamutwara mu rugo rw’Umuherezi mukuru Kayifa aho urwo rubanza ruhonyanga amategeko rwo mw’ijoro rwabandanirije. (Luka 22:54; Yohani 18:24) Ng’aho, abaherezi barahonyanze ingingo ngenderwako zose zigenga ubutungane, bironderera “ibirego vy’ikinyoma bagiriza Yezu kugira bamwice,” ariko ntihabonetse ivyagirizo bibiri bihuza ku bijanye n’ivyo Yezu yari yavuze. (Matayo 26:59; Mariko 14:56-59) Umuherezi mukuru yaciye agerageza gutuma Yezu ubwiwe yishira mw’ikosa. Yamubajije ati: “Nta co wishura? Ivyo aba bariko bakwagiriza ni ibiki?” (Mariko 14:60) Ayo mayeri nta ho yari ahuriye n’ingene ibintu vyabwirizwa kugenda. Umwe Innes twamara kuvuga agira ati: “Kubaza ikibazo uwagirizwa ugaca umukubita intahe mu gahanga ufatiye ku nyishu atanze kwari uguhonyanga amategeko.”

Uwo mugwi w’abantu wahavuye ufatira ku vyo Yezu avuze. Yezu bamubajije bati: “Wewe uri Kristu Umwana wa wa Muhezagirwa?” Yaciye yishura ati: “Ndi we; kandi muzobona Umwana w’umuntu yicaye iburyo bw’ububasha azanana n’ibicu vyo kw’ijuru.” Ba baherezi baciye bavuga ngo ararogose, maze “bose bamucira urw’uko akwiriye gupfa.”​—Mariko 14:61-64.b

Rya Tegeko rya Musa ryavuga ko imanza zikwiye gucirwa ku mugaragaro. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 16:18; Rusi 4:1) Runo rworwo rwari urubanza rwo mu kinyegero. Nta muntu n’umwe yagerageje canke ngo yemererwe kuvugira Yezu. Ibimenyamenya bishigikira ivyo Yezu yavuze ko ari we Mesiya ntivyigeze vyihwezwa. Yezu ntiyigeze ahabwa akaryo ko guhamagaza ivyabona vyo kumuvugira. Ntihigeze hatunganywa ivyo gutora mu rutonde ngo haboneke abacamanza babona ko yokubitwa intahe mu gahanga n’ababona ko yokwambikwa izera.

Imbere ya Pilato

Kubera yuko Abayuda biboneka ko ata bubasha bari bafise bwo kwica Yezu, baciye bamujana kwa buramatari w’Uburoma Ponsiyo Pilato. Ikibazo ca mbere Pilato yabajije cari iki: “Ni ikirego ki murega uyu muntu?” Kubera Abayuda bari bazi ko ikirego badendekeranije co kurogota ata co cari kivuze kuri Pilato, baciye bagerageza gutuma akubita intahe mu gahanga Yezu atiriwe aratohoza. Bavuze bati: “Uyu muntu iyo ataba ari inkozi y’ikibi, ntituba twamugushikirije.” (Yohani 18:29, 30) Pilato ntiyemeye ico ciyumviro Abayuda batanze, bica biba ngombwa ko barondera ikindi bamwagiriza, bati: “Uyu mugabo twamusanze ariko adurumbanya ihanga ryacu yongera abuza kuriha amakori Sezari, kandi avuga yuko we ubwiwe ari Kristu, umwami.” (Luka 23:2) Ca kirego rero co kurogota cari gihinduwe ku rwenge, kiba ic’uguhemukira igihugu.

Ikirego c’uko “abuza kuriha amakori” nticari co kandi abamwagiriza bari babizi. Yezu yigishije igihushane c’ivyo. (Matayo 22:15-22) Ku bijanye n’ikirego c’uko Yezu yigize umwami, Pilato ntiyatevye kubona ko uwo mugabo yari imbere yiwe ata kaga yari ateye ku Buroma. Yavuze icese ati: “Nta kosa mbona muri we.” (Yohani 18:38) Ukwo ni ko Pilato yagumye abona ibintu mu kiringo cose c’urwo rubanza.

Pilato yabanje kugerageza kurekura Yezu mu kumuha akaryo ko kwungukira ku mugenzo wari uhasanzwe wo kurekura imbohe imwe kuri Pasika. Ariko rero Pilato yahavuye arekura Baraba, uwagirizwa ubugumutsi n’ubwicanyi.​—Luka 23:18, 19; Yohani 18:39, 40.

Uwo buramatari w’Uburoma yaciye agerageza kandi kurekura Yezu mu kuraba ko abamwagiriza bokwemera ko atezurirwa. Yaratanze Yezu baramutonagura, baramwambika icambarwa gisa n’umuyugubwe, baramushira ku mutwe urugori rw’amahwa, baramukubita bongera baramutyekeza. Yarasubiye aravuga icese ko Yezu yera. Ni nk’aho Pilato yariko avuga ati: ‘None ibi ntibihagije ga mwa baherezi mwe?’ Kumbure yizigira ko babonye ukuntu Abaroma bamutonaguye vyari guhwamika icipfuzo cabo co kwihora canke bigatuma bagira impuhwe. (Luka 23:22) Yamara vyabaye ivy’ubusa.

“Pilato [yagumye] arondera ingene yomurekura. Mugabo Abayuda barasemerera, bati: ‘Niwarekura uwo muntu, ntuzoba uri umugenzi wa Sezari. Umuntu wese yigira umwami, avuga nabi Sezari.’” (Yohani 19:12) Sezari w’ico gihe yari Tiberiyo, umwami w’abami yari azwi ko yica uwo wese yabona ko ari umuhemu, naho nyene yaba ari umutegetsi wo hejuru. Pilato yari amaze gushavuza Abayuda, akaba ari co gituma ata kindi kintu yari kureka ngo kimucanishemwo na bo, nkanswe ivy’uko yokwagirizwa ubuhemu. Amajambo iryo sinzi ryavuze yarimwo iterabwoba ryihishije kandi Pilato yarumva ko bimuteye ubwoba. Yaciye asha coba maze aratanga Yezu ngo bamumanike kandi ata caha camwagira.​—Yohani 19:16.

Ico ibimenyamenya vyerekana

Abantu benshi bihweza ivy’amategeko barasuzumye inkuru zo mu Njili zivuga ivyerekeye urubanza Yezu yaciriwe. Basanze rwari urubanza rwa ngondagonde. Umushingwamanza umwe yandika ati: “Kubona urubanza nk’urwo rutangura, rugasozerwa rukongera rugasomwa, ivyo vyose bikagirwa kuva mu gicugu gushika imbere y’umutaga, kwari uguhonyanga uburyo amategeko y’Abaheburayo avuga ko ibintu bikwiye kugenda hamwe n’ingingo ngenderwako zigenga ubutungane.” Umwigisha umwe w’ivy’amategeko avuga ati: “Urwo rubanza rwose rwaranzwe n’uguhonyanga amategeko kw’agaterasoni hamwe n’amahinyu akomeye kandi yigaragaza, ku buryo ivyavuyemwo ata kundi vyokwitwa atari uko ari ubwicanyi bwagizwe n’abacamanza.”

Yezu yarera. Ariko rero, yari azi yuko vyari bikenewe ko apfa kugira ngo abantu bagamburuka baronke ubukiriro. (Matayo 20:28) Yarakunda cane ivy’uko ubutungane bw’Imana bushitswa ku buryo yemeye akarenganyo keruye kuruta akigeze kubaho kose. Ivyo yabikoze ku bwa twebwe abanyabicumuro. Ntidukwiye kwigera twibagira ico kintu.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

[Uruzitiro/Ifoto ku rup. 20]

Amategeko y’Abayuda mu binjana vya mbere

Inkuru z’Abayuda zihererekanwa ku munwa, izahavuye zandikwa mu binjana vya mbere G.C. (G.C. bisobanura mu Gihe Cacu) mugabo bikaba vyiyumvirwa ko ari iza kera cane, zarimwo amategeko akurikira:

▪ Mu manza zashobora kwicisha umuntu, abamuvugira ni bo babanza kwumvirizwa

▪ Abacamanza babwirizwa gukora uko bashoboye kwose kugira bakize uwagirizwa

▪ Abacamanza barashobora kuvugira uwagirizwa ariko ntibashobora kumwagiriza

▪ Ivyabona vyaragabishwa ko uruhara rwavyo atari urwo gufyinako

▪ Ivyabona vyumvirizwa umwumwe wese ukwiwe ata kindi cabona kihari

▪ Ivyagirizo vyabwirizwa guhuza ku bintu nyamukuru nk’itariki, ikibanza, umwanya ico kintu cabereyeko, n’ibindi

▪ Ibirego bishobora kwicisha umuntu vyabwirizwa kwumvirizwa ku murango kandi ingingo igafatwa ku murango nyene

▪ Imanza zashobora kwicisha umuntu ntizashobora kwihwezwa buca ari Isabato canke umusi mukuru

▪ Imanza zishobora kwicisha umuntu zarashobora gutangura zigasozerwa kuri uwo musi nyene mu gihe hafashwe ingingo y’uko uwuburanywa yambitswe izera. Mu gihe uwuburanywa atsinzwe, urubanza rwashobora gusozerwa gusa ku musi ukurikira, ari na ho rwasomwa rukongera rugashirwa mu ngiro

▪ Imanza zishobora kwicisha umuntu zacibwa n’imiburiburi n’abacamanza 23

▪ Abacamanza barakurikirana mu gutora yuko uwuburanywa yokwambikwa izera canke yokubitwa intahe mu gahanga, bahereye ku wukiri muto. Abanditsi barandika amajambo y’abahisemwo kumwambika izera be n’ay’abahisemwo kumukubita intahe mu gahanga

▪ Umuntu yambikwa izera igihe igitigiri c’abashigikiye iyo ngingo kirengako n’imiburiburi umuntu umwe ugereranije n’igitigiri c’abatayishigikiye, ariko agakubitwa intahe mu gahanga igihe gusa igitigiri c’abashigikiye iyo ngingo kirengako babiri. Batoye bagasanga igitigiri c’ababona ko yokubitwa intahe mu gahanga kirengako umwe gusa, baca baguma bongerako abacamanza babiri igihe cose vyaba bikenewe gushika bashitse ku ngingo yemewe n’amategeko

▪ Ingingo yo gukubita intahe mu gahanga umuntu hakabura umucamanza n’umwe amuvugira ntiyemerwa. Igihe abacamanza bose bahurije ku ngingo yo gukubita intahe mu gahanga umuntu, vyabonwa nk’“ikimenyamenya c’uko ari umugambi bapfunditse”

Amahinyu yaranze urubanza Yezu yaciriwe

▪ Sentare ntiyigeze yumviriza ivyiyumviro canke ivyabona bimwambika izera

▪ Nta n’umwe mu bacamanza yagerageje kuburanira Yezu; bose bari abansi biwe

▪ Abaherezi bararondeye ivyabona vy’ibinyoma kugira ngo bacire Yezu urwo gupfa

▪ Urubanza rwumvirijwe mw’ijoro kandi mu kinyegero

▪ Urwo rubanza rwatanguye rwongera rusozerwa ku musi umwe kandi buca ari umusi mukuru

▪ Nta kirego catanzwe imbere yo gufata Yezu

▪ Kuba Yezu yavuze ko ari Mesiya, ivyiswe ngo ni ‘ukurogota,’ ibimenyamenya bivyemeza ntivyihwejwe

▪ Urubanza rugeze kwa Pilato, ico kirego caciye gihindurwa

▪ Ivyo Yezu yagirijwe vyari ibinyoma

▪ Pilato yarabonye ko Yezu yera mugabo aruhira kumwicisha

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 22]

Ivyabona vyarashobora kwagirwa n’amaraso

Mu manza zishobora kwicisha umuntu, sentare z’Abayuda zaraha ivyabona ingabisho yerekana agaciro k’ubuzima imbere y’uko bitanga ibimenyamenya. Iyo ngabisho yari iyi:

“Kumbure woba ushaka gushinga intahe ufatiye ku bintu wiyumviriye gusa, ku rukurukuru canke ku vyo icabona kimwe cabwiwe n’ikindi; canke na ho ukaba uriko wiyumvira ngo: ‘Ibi bintu twavyumvanye umuntu wo kwizigirwa.’ Canke woshobora kutaba uzi ko mu nyuma tuza kukubaza ibibazo dukoresheje uburyo bubereye bwo kubaza ibibazo no gutohoza. Urakwiye kumenya yuko amategeko agenga imanza z’ivy’amatongo n’amatungo atandukanye n’amategeko agenga imanza zishobora kwicisha umuntu. Mu bijanye n’imanza z’ivy’amatongo n’amatungo, umuntu arariha amahera agashobora kwicungura. Mu bijanye n’imanza zishobora kwicisha umuntu, amaraso [y’uwagirijwe ibinyoma] be n’ay’abomukomotseko bose azoguma ari ku gatwe kiwe [ni ukuvuga uwashinze intahe y’ikinyoma] gushika ibihe bidahera.”​—Vyakuwe muri Talimudi y’i Babiloni, Inama Nkuru, 37a.

Mu gihe uwagirizwa yaba yagiriwe n’icaha, ivyabona ni bo babwirizwa kumwiyicira.​—Abalewi 24:14; Gusubira mu vyagezwe 17:6, 7.