Izina ry’Imana, Yehova, mu rusengero rw’Abanyamisiri

NI RYARI izina ry’Imana, ari ryo Yehova canke Yahweh, ryatanguye kuboneka mu bindi vyandikano uretse Bibiliya? Incabwenge zimwezimwe zishura ata mazinda ziti: Ni guhera mu kinjana ca 14 B.G.C. Kubera iki bavuga gutyo?

Nko mu mwaka wa 1370 B.G.C., Abanyamisiri bari bamaze kwigarurira intara nyinshi. Umutegetsi w’Umunyamisiri yatwara ico gihe ari we Farawo Amenhotep (canke Aménophis) wa gatatu, yarubatse urusengero ruteye igomwe ahitwa Soleb mu ntara ya Nubie, ubu hakaba hitwa Sudani. Igihe abacukuzi b’ivya kera bubura urwo rusengero, bahasanze ivyandikano vyo mu nyandiko y’Abanyamisiri yakoresha utumenyetso n’udushushanyo (hiéroglyphes) bisa n’ivyerekana za ndome zine YHWH z’igiheburayo, ari na zo zivamwo izina Yehova. Ivyo vyandikano biharangatuwe birarusha imyaka 500 rya Buye ry’Abanyamowabu rizwi cane, iryari risanzwe rizwi ko ari co kintu ca kera kuruta ibindi vyose izina ry’Imana ribonekako. Kubera iki none izina ry’Imana ivugwa muri Bibiliya biboneka ko ryaharangatuwe mu rusengero rw’Abanyamisiri?

“Intara y’Abashasu yegukira Jahu”

Urusengero Farawo Amenhotep wa gatatu yubatse yarweguriye imana Amôn-Râ. Urwo rusengero rwari rufise uburebure bw’imetero nka 120, rukaba rwari rwubatswe ku nkengera y’Uruzi Nili iherereye mu Burengero. Utumenyetso n’udushushanyo dutatse ivyicariro vy’inkingi zo muri kimwe mu bibanza vy’urwo rusengero, turatanga urutonde rw’amazina y’uturere Amenhotep yavuga ko yigaruriye. Kamwekamwe kose muri utwo turere kerekanwa n’imbohe ibohewe amaboko i mugongo, ifise n’inkinzo yanditseko izina ry’intara canke igisata c’abantu yamukamwo. Intara z’abatari bake mu bantu bitwa Abashasu canke Abashosu, ziravugwa muri ivyo vyandikano. None abo Bashasu bari bande?

Ijambo Shasu ni izina ry’urusangi Abanyamisiri bahaye aba Bédouins, abari bagize imiryango yakengerwa yaba kure y’urubibe rwo mu Buseruko bwa Misiri. Intara z’Abashasu zari zigizwe n’Ubumanuko bwa Palesitina, Ubumanuko bwa Transjordanie be n’akarere ka Sinayi. Abashakashatsi bamwebamwe bavuga yuko intara zivugwa ko ari iz’Abashasu zaduga mu Buraruko zigashika i Libani n’i Siriya. Mu rutonde rw’intara Aménophis yigaruriye rwerekanwa i Soleb harimwo imwe yagiye irasomwa mu buryo butandukanye ngo “Yahwe mu ntara y’Abashosu,” “Intara y’Abashasu yegukira Jahu,” canke ngo “Intara y’Abashasu-yhw.” Umuhinga mu vya kahise ka Misiri yitwa Jean Leclant avuga yuko iryo zina ryanditswe ku nkinzo i Soleb “rihwanye na ‘za ndome zine z’igiheburayo’ zigize izina rya ya mana ivugwa muri Bibiliya, ari zo YHWH.”

Benshi mu ncabwenge babona yuko izina Jahu, Yahu canke Yahwe rivugwa ng’aho be n’ahandi hameze nk’aho, ritegerezwa kuba ryerekeza ku kibanza kanaka canke intara kanaka. Incabwenge imwe yitwa Shmuel Ahituv ivuga yuko ico candikano kidondora “akarere abagize umuryango w’abasenga Yāhū, ya Mana ya Isirayeli, bayereramwo.”a Nimba ico ciyumviro ashikako ari co, iryo zina ry’ikibanza ryoba ari rimwe gusa mu mazina ya kera atari make yo mu ndimi z’Abasemite usanga adondora akarere n’imana yako. Irindi zina nk’iryo ni Ashuri, iridondora akarere ka Ashuri be n’imana nkuru yako.

Ku bijanye na nya vyandikano biri mu rusengero rwo muri Nubie, incabwenge mu vya Bibiliya akaba n’umucukuzi w’ivya kera yitwa Roland de Vaux, avuga ati: “Mu karere ba sekuruza b’imiryango ya Isirayeli bafisemwo ibintu vyinshi bibahuza na ko, kuva ikimpumbi ca kabiri Imbere ya Kristu kigeze hagati, harabonetse izina ry’ikibanza kanaka canke ry’umuntu kanaka rifitaniye isano rwose n’izina ry’Imana ya Isirayeli canke rishobora kuba risa neza na neza na ryo.”

Izina n’ubu ricubahwa cane

I Soleb si ho honyene mu karere ka Nubie dusanga izina Yahwe riboneka mu nyandiko y’Abanyamisiri yakoresha utumenyetso n’udushushanyo. Hari n’intonde ziboneka ko ari izimuwe bafatiye ku rutonde rw’i Soleb dusanga no mu nsengero za Ramsès wa kabiri i Amarah ho mu Burengero be n’i Aksha. Mu rutonde dusanga i Amarah, utumenyetso n’udushushanyo dusomwa ngo “Yahwe mu ntara y’Abashosu” dushaka gusa n’utuvuga ivyerekeye utundi turere tw’Abashosu twiyumvirwa ko ari Seyiri na Labani. Bibiliya isanisha ivyo bibanza n’Ubumanuko bwa Palestina, Edomu be n’akarere ka Sinayi. (Itanguriro 36:8; Gusubira mu vyagezwe 1:1) Utwo twari uturere twagenderwamwo n’abantu bari bazi Yehova bakongera bakamusenga, haba imbere y’uko Abisirayeli bagerera mu Misiri be n’inyuma yaho.​—Itanguriro 36:17, 18; Guharūra 13:26.

Izina ry’Imana ivugwa muri Bibiliya ari yo Yehova, ntirimeze nk’amazina y’izindi mana zivugwa mu vyandikano vya kera, kuko ryoryo rigikoreshwa na benshi kandi rikubahwa cane. Nk’akarorero, mu bihugu birenga 230, Ivyabona vya Yehova barenga imiliyoni indwi barahebera ubuzima bwabo igikorwa co gufasha abandi, atari gusa kugira ngo bamenye iryo zina, ariko kandi kugira ngo biyegereze Imana yitwa iryo zina ridasanzwe ari ryo Yehova.​—Yesaya 12:2; Yakobo 4:8.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Iciyumviro nyamukuru ku rup. 21]

Ni kubera iki Yehova, rya zina ry’Imana ivugwa muri Bibiliya, riharangatuwe mu rusengero rw’abapagani rw’Abanyamisiri?

[Ikarata ku rup. 21]

(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba iki kinyamakuru)

MISIRI

Urusengero rw’i Soleb

SUDANI

Uruzi Nili

[Afafoto ku rup. 21]

Igishushanyo gisa neza na neza n’inkingi ya rwa rusengero

[Ifoto ku rup. 22]

Ahari ibisigarira vy’urusengero rwa Amôn-Râ, i Soleb, muri Sudani

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Ed Scott/Pixtal/age fotostock

[Abo dukesha ifoto] ku rup. 21]

Iyo shusho tuyikesha: Asian and Middle Eastern Division/The New York Public Library/Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations