Tel Aradi harashinga intahe ata jambo rivuzwe

Igisagara cazimanganijwe. Urusengero rutangaje. Umukimba w’ivyandikano vya kera. Ivyo bintu vyoshobora gusa n’ivyofatirwako mu gutunganya isenema iryoshe. Nkako, ivyo bintu vyose be n’ibindi bitari bike vyaramaze ibinjana n’ibindi binyegejwe munsi y’umusenyi urunze mu bugaragwa i Tel Aradi, muri Isirayeli, gushika aho abacukuzi batanguriye kuhacukura.

MURI iki gihe, abantu benshi bagendera igisagara ca Aradi co muri kino gihe, babona yuko ari igisagara gisa n’ivyo muri Isirayeli. Ico gisagara, ikibamwo abantu 27.000, giherereye mu bugaragwa bw’i Yudaya amaja mu Burengero bw’Ikiyaga c’Umunyu. Ariko rero, igisagara ca kera co muri Isirayeli citwa Aradi cari giherereye ku bilometero nk’umunani mu Burengero. Aho ni ho abacukuzi b’ivya kera bakuyeho bavyitondeye ibirundo vy’umusenyi, maze bubura ibintu vyinshi bigizwe n’inyubakwa be n’ivyandikano.

Ivyo vyandikano vyari vyanditse ku njo. Kwandika ku njo cari ikintu kimenyerewe mu bihe vya Bibiliya. Ivyacukuwe i Tel Aradi vyarashigikiye ivyari vyaravuzwe yuko mwene izo njo ari zo zabaye nyinshi cane kuruta ibindi vyose vyari bimaze kwuburwa muri Isirayeli. Ariko none, ivyo bintu vyacukuwe bifise akamaro akahe?

Ivyatowe i Tel Aradi vyerekana ibintu vyabaye mu kiringo kinini ca kahise kavugwa muri Bibiliya, igitangura mu misi y’abacamanza bo muri Isirayeli kigashika igihe Abanyababiloni batera Ubuyuda mu 607 B.G.C. Ivyo bintu vyatowe rero, birafasha mu kwemeza ko ibivugwa muri Bibiliya ari ivy’ukuri. Biratanga kandi uburorero butomoye butwereka ingene abantu bo muri Isirayeli ya kera babona izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana.

Aradi na Bibiliya

Mu vy’ukuri, Bibiliya nta vyinshi ivuga ku bijanye na Aradi. Mugabo ico gisagara, icari giherereye ahantu heza, carigeze kuba gicamwo ibarabara nyamukuru ryacamwo ibidandazwa. Ntibitangaje rero kubona inkuru z’ivya kahise be n’ivyatowe mu vy’ubucukuzi vyerekana yuko ico gisagara ca kera cama cigarurirwa, kigasangangurwa kikongera kigasubira kwubakwa mu kiringo cose ca kahise kaco karanzwe n’ibihe vyiza be n’ibigoye. Kubera yuko cama gisubira kwubakwa, vyatumye kigira igihome cagutse cane.

Bibiliya yerekeza kuri Aradi ari bwo bwa mbere igihe ivuga ibijanye n’igice ca nyuma ca ya myaka 40 Abisirayeli bamaze bayerera mu bugaragwa. Gatoyi inyuma y’urupfu rwa mukuru wa Musa ari we Aroni, abasavyi b’Imana baraciye hafi cane y’urubibe rwo mu Bumanuko bwa ca Gihugu c’isezerano. Biboneka ko umwami w’Umunyakanani yatwara Aradi yiyumviriye ko vyomworoheye gutsinda abo bantu bariko barayerera mu bugaragwa. Yaciye agaba igitero. Abisirayeli bashigikiwe na Yehova Imana, barivunye umwansi babigiranye ubuhizi, baratahukana intsinzi ikomeye, Aradi na ho bahagira ubunywenywe, naho nyene biboneka yuko hari abantu baho barokotse.​—Guharūra 21:1-3.

Abanyakanani ntibatevye gusubira kwubaka ico gisagara cabo cari giherereye ahantu heza. Igihe mu nyuma Yosuwa yashika aho hantu haheze imyaka mikeyi, akahigarurira ahereye mu Buraruko kandi akagenda arakuraho buhorobuhoro Abanyakanani kuva mu “gihugu c’umugamba n’ic’i Negebu,” umwe mu bamurwanya yari “[umwami w’i] Aradi.” (Yosuwa 10:40; 12:14) Mu nyuma, abakomoka kuri Hobabu Umunyakeni, abari barifatanije n’Abisirayeli igihe bari mu bugaragwa, baciye bibera muri ako karere k’i Negebu.​—Abacamanza 1:16.

Ivyubuwe n’abacukuzi

Ibisigarira vya Tel Aradi biradufasha kumenya ayandi makuru ashimishije ajanye n’ibintu bimwebimwe vyabaye mu nyuma vyanditswe muri Bibiliya. Nk’akarorero, abacukuzi b’ivya kera barubuye impome zikurikirana zitari nke. Zimwezimwe muri izo birashoboka ko zoba ari izo mu gihe c’ingoma y’Umwami Salomo, uno akaba azwi kubera ibisagara vyinshi yari yarubatse. (1 Abami 9:15-19) Ikigwi kimwe c’ibintu vyacukuwe kiremeza ko ico gisagara catongowe n’umuriro bimwe bikomeye kandi ivyo bintu bivugwa ko ari ivyo mu ntango z’ikinjana ca cumi B.G.C. Ivyo bintu vyubuwe vyerekana ibintu vyabaye igihe Umwami Shishaki wa Misiri yatera, hakaba hari haciye imyaka itanu gusa Salomo apfuye. I Karnak mu Bumanuko bwa Misiri, hari igihome caharangatuweko ibintu cibukiriza ico gitero, kikaba kandi gishira Aradi mu rutonde rw’ibisagara vyinshi vyatsinzwe.​—2 Ngoma 12:1-4.

Birashimishije cane kubona kuri nyinshi muri za njo zatowe zishika nka 200, hariko amazina y’igiheburayo aboneka no muri Bibiliya nka Pashuri, Meremoti be n’abahungu ba Kora. Izo njo zitavuga ibijanye n’ivy’idini, zimwezimwe muri zo zirahambaye mbere kuruta kubera yuko zirimwo izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana. Iryo zina ry’uruharo, irigizwe n’izi ndome z’igiheburayo יהוה (YHWH), ni izina Imana Mushoboravyose yiharije. Mu nyuma, ukwemera ibintazi kwatumye abantu benshi biyumvira yuko kuvuga iryo zina ry’Imana canke kuryandika ari ukutarisonera. Ariko rero ivyubuwe i Tel Aradi, cokimwe n’ibindi vyinshi, biremeza ko mu bihe vya Bibiliya izina ry’Imana ryakoreshwa ata kwitinya mu buzima bwa misi yose, mu kuramukanya be no mu guhezagira umuntu. Nk’akarorero, hari icandikano kigira giti: “Kuri databuja Elyashib. Ese Yahweh [Yehova] yokwitwararika ukumererwa neza kwawe. . . . [Wa wundi] aracari mu rusengero rwa Yahweh.”

Tuvuge iki none ku bijanye na rwa rusengero rutangaje twavuga mu ntango? Inyubakwa iri i Tel Aradi yavyuye ibibazo vyinshi ni inyubakwa y’urusengero, irimwo igicaniro, yubatswe mu gihe c’Abayuda. Naho nyene ari ntoya cane uyigereranije na rwa rusengero rw’i Yeruzalemu Salomo yubaka, irafise ibintu vyinshi ihuriyeko n’urwo rusengero rweranda. Ni kubera iki urwo rusengero rw’i Aradi rwubatswe kandi rwubatswe ryari? Rwakoreshwa gute? Abacukuzi b’ivya kera be n’abatohozakahise barashobora gusa kuvuga ico bavyiyumvirako.

Yehova yaramenyesheje ata guca ku ruhande yuko urusengero rw’i Yeruzalemu ari co kibanza conyene yemera co guhimbarizamwo imisi mikuru yagirwa ku mwaka ku mwaka no gutangiramwo ibimazi. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 12:5; 2 Ngoma 7:12) Rero, urusengero rw’i Aradi rwubatswe rwongera rukoreshwa mu kugarariza Itegeko ry’Imana, kumbure ivyo bikaba vyagizwe mu gihe ivyo gukoresha ibindi bicaniro be no kugira iyindi misi mikuru vyariko biratuma benshi baheba insengo ityoroye. (Ezekiyeli 6:13) Nimba ari ukwo vyari vyifashe, ico kibanza cagirirwamwo insengo y’urwigano, bishoboka ko cakuweho muri ca kiringo Hezekiya, canke Yosiya, yahindura ibintu ata gufyina mu bijanye no gusenga mu kinjana c’umunani be n’ic’indwi B.G.C.​—2 Ngoma 31:1; 34:3-5, 33.

Mu vy’ukuri, ibintu bikeyi vyerekeye kahise ka Aradi biriho ubu, turabikuramwo ivyigwa bihambaye. Inyuma y’ibinjana vyinshi, harubuwe ibintu vyahinguwe n’abantu vyemeza ko ibivugwa muri Bibiliya ari ivy’ukuri, bigatanga ibimenyamenya vy’ihaguruka n’itemba ry’insengo yononekaye yagirwa mu kwigana ugusenga kw’ukuri, bikongera bigatanga uburorero bw’ukuntu izina rya Yehova ryakoreshwa mu buzima bwa misi yose mu buryo burangwa icubahiro.

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YERUZALEMU

Ikiyaga c’Umunyu

Aradi

Tel Aradi

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Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

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Igice ca ca gihome caharangatuweko ibintu kiri i Karnak mu Misiri

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Ifoto ku rup. 25]

Kuri iki candikano hari ahavuga ngo: “Ese Yahweh [Yehova] yokwitwararika ukumererwa neza kwawe”

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Photograph © Israel Museum, Jerusalem; courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority

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Igice ca ya nyubakwa y’urusengero y’i Tel Aradi

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Todd Bolen/Bible Places.com

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Igihome ca Tel Aradi urabiye amaja mu Buseruko