Ibintu dutegerezwa guhunga

“Mwa ruvyaro rw’imamba mwe, ni nde yabahanuye guhunga uburake buriko buraza?”​—MAT. 3:7.

1. Ni uburorero bumwebumwe ubuhe buvugwa muri Bibiliya bw’abantu bahunze?

MBEGA iyo wumvise ijambo “guhunga” ni igiki uca ubona mu bwenge? Hari aboshobora guca babona mu bwenge wa musore w’akaranga Yozefu ariko arahunga wa mugore wa Potifari yariko aramuryosharyosha ngo basambane. (Ita. 39:7-12) Abandi na bo boshobora guca bibuka abakirisu bahunze bava i Yeruzalemu mu 66 G.C., mu kwumvira imburi Yezu yari yaratanze igira iti: “Nimwabona Yeruzalemu ikikujwe n’ingabo zishinze ikambi, . . . abari i Yudaya bazoce batangura guhungira ku misozi, abari hagati muri Yeruzalemu na bo bazoce bavayo.”​—Luka 21:20, 21.

2, 3. (a) Amajambo Yohani Umubatizi yavuze mu kunebagura za ndongozi z’idini, yasobanura iki? (b) Yezu yashimangiye gute ya mburi Yohani yari yatanze?

² Ubwo burorero buvuzwe aho haruguru bwerekana abantu bahunze nya guhunga. Muri kino gihe, abakirisu b’ukuri bo mu bihugu nka vyose vyo hirya no hino kw’isi barakeneye bimwe vyihutirwa guhunga mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo. Na Yohani Umubatizi yarakoresheje ijambo “guhunga” muri ubwo buryo. Mu bantu bagiye kuraba Yohani, harimwo abakuru b’idini ry’Abayuda bibona ubugororotsi, bakibwira ko batari bakeneye kwigaya. Barasuzugura abantu ba nciyaho bariko barabatizwa kugira ngo berekane ko bigaye. Abigiranye uburindutsi, Yohani yarashize ku kabarore izo ndongozi zari zuzuye uburyarya, mu kuvuga ati: “Mwa ruvyaro rw’imamba mwe, ni nde yabahanuye guhunga uburake buriko buraza? Nuko rero nimwame ivyamwa bikwiranye n’ukwigaya.”​—Mat. 3:7, 8.

³ Yohani ntiyariko avuga ibijanye n’uguhunga nya guhunga. Yariko arabura ibijanye n’urubanza rwari rugiye kuza, ni ukuvuga umusi w’uburake; kandi yaramenyesheje izo ndongozi z’idini yuko nimba zaripfuza kurokoka kuri uwo musi, zari zikwiye kwama ivyamwa bigaragaza ko zigaye. Mu nyuma, Yezu abigiranye uburindutsi yaragirije izo ndongozi z’idini, arazibwira yuko inyifato yazo yarangwa ubwicanyi yerekana yuko se wazo w’ukuri yari wa Mubesheranyi. (Yoh. 8:44) Mu gushimangira ya mburi Yohani yari yatanze, Yezu yabise “uruvyaro rw’imamba” maze aca abaza ati: “Muzohunga mute urubanza rwa Gehena?” (Mat. 23:33) None Yezu yashatse kuvuga iki mu kuvuga ngo “Gehena”?

4. Yezu yashatse kuvuga iki igihe yakoresha ijambo “Gehena”?

⁴ Gehena wari umwonga wari inyuma y’uruzitiro rwa Yeruzalemu, kikaba cari ikibanza batuririramwo imyavu be n’ibikoko vyapfuye. Yezu yakoresheje ijambo Gehena bwa kigereranyo c’urupfu rw’ibihe bidahera. (Raba ku rupapuro rwa 27.) Ikibazo yabajije ku bijanye no guhunga Gehena carerekanye yuko izo ndongozi z’idini uko zari zigize umugwi, zari zikwiriye ugusangangurwa kw’ibihe bidahera.​—Mat. 5:22, 29.

5. Ivyo Yohani na Yezu bari baravuze vyarangutse gute muri kahise?

⁵ Indongozi z’Abayuda zarongeye ibindi vyaha ku vyo zari zisanganywe mu guhama Yezu n’abayoboke biwe. Mu nyuma, nk’uko Yohani na Yezu bari barabivuze, umusi w’uburake w’Imana warashitse. Ico gihe, ubwo “burake [bwariko] buraza” bwashitse mu karere kamwe, ni ukuvuga i Yeruzalemu be n’i Yudaya, akaba ari co gituma vyari gushoboka ko umuntu ahunga nya guhunga. Ubwo burake bwarashitse igihe Yeruzalemu be n’urusengero rwaho vyasangangurwa n’ingabo z’Abaroma mu 70 G.C. Ayo “makuba” yari akomeye kuruta ikindi kintu ico ari co cose cari carigeze gushikira Yeruzalemu. Abantu benshi barishwe, abandi na bo batwarwa ari inyagano. Ivyo vyabaye akarorero k’ugusangangurwa kurushirije kuba ugukomeye kugiye gushikira abantu benshi biyita abakirisu be n’abandi bo mu yandi madini.​—Mat. 24:21.

Uburake bwimirije kuza dukwiye guhunga

6. Ni igiki ciyadukije mw’ishengero rya gikirisu ryo mu ntango?

⁶ Bamwebamwe mu bakirisu bo mu ntango baracitse abahuni kandi bararonse abayoboke. (Ibik. 20:29, 30) Igihe intumwa za Yezu zari zikiriho zarabereye “intambamyi” ubwo buhuni, mugabo zimaze gupfa, haravutse utugwi twinshi tw’amadini ya gikirisu atari ay’ukuri. Muri kino gihe, mu biyita abakirisu hari amadini amajana n’amajana adahuza. Bibiliya yari yaravuze ibijanye n’ukuntu abakuru b’amadini y’abiyita abakirisu bokwadutse, ikaba yabadondoye uko bagize umugwi ko ari “wa muntu w’ubugarariji” be na “wa mwana wo kuranduka . . . uwo Umukama Yezu azoku[r]aho . . . akamuhinduza ubusa ukwigaragaza kw’ukuhaba kwiwe.”​—2 Tes. 2:3, 6-8.

7. Ni kubera iki imvugo ngo “wa muntu w’ubugarariji” ibereye gukoreshwa ku bakuru b’amadini y’abiyita abakirisu?

⁷ Abakuru b’amadini y’abiyita abakirisu ni abagarariji mu buryo bw’uko bayobeje abantu amamiliyoni mu gukorereza inyigisho, imisi mikuru be n’inyifato biteye kubiri na Bibiliya. Nka kumwe kwa ba bakuru b’idini Yezu yacira urubanza, abakuru b’amadini bo muri kino gihe, abari mu bagize “wa mwana wo kuranduka,” bagiye kuzorandurwa kandi nta cizigiro c’izuka bazoba bafise. (2 Tes. 1:6-9) Ariko none, ni igiki kigiye gushikira abazimijwe n’abakuru b’amadini y’abiyita abakirisu be n’abakuru b’ayandi madini y’ikinyoma? Kugira ngo turonke inyishu y’ico kibazo, nimuze turimbure ibintu vyabaye inyuma y’isangangurwa rya mbere rya Yeruzalemu, iryabaye mu 607 B.G.C.

“Ni muhunge muve hagati muri Babuloni”

8, 9. (a) Ni ubutumwa ubuhe bw’ubuhanuzi Yeremiya yari afitiye Abayuda bari mu bunyagano i Babiloni? (b) Inyuma y’aho Abamedi n’Abaperesi bigaruriye Babiloni, ni uguhunga bwoko ki kwaciye gushoboka?

⁸ Umuhanuzi Yeremiya yari yaramenyesheje imbere y’igihe ibijanye n’ugusangangurwa kwa Yeruzalemu kwabaye mu 607 B.G.C. Yaravuze yuko abasavyi b’Imana botwawe mu bunyagano mugabo ko bogarukanywe mu gihugu cabo haheze “imyaka mirongwirindwi.” (Yer. 29:4, 10) Yeremiya yari afise ubutumwa buhambaye yari gushikiriza Abayuda bari mu bunyagano i Babiloni, ubwo na bwo bukaba bwari ubw’uko bategerezwa kuguma batandujwe n’ugusenga kw’ikinyoma kwagirwa aho i Babiloni. Muri ubwo buryo, igihe cashinzwe n’Imana kigeze, bobaye biteguriye gusubira i Yeruzalemu maze bagasubizaho ugusenga gutyoroye. Ivyo vyashitse haheze igihe gitoya Abamedi n’Abaperesi bigaruriye Babiloni mu 539 B.G.C. Umwami w’Ubuperesi Kuro wa kabiri yarasohoye itegeko ry’uko Abayuda bosubira i Yeruzalemu maze bagasubira kwubaka urusengero rwa Yehova.​—Ezr. 1:1-4.

⁹ Abayuda ibihumbi n’ibihumbi baranse kugisha ako karyo maze barasubirayo. (Ezr. 2:64-67) Mu kubigenza gutyo, bari bashikije itegeko ry’ubuhanuzi ryashikirijwe na Yeremiya, ku biberekeye bikaba vyasavye ko bahunga nya guhunga, bakava mu kibanza kimwe bakaja mu kindi. (Soma Yeremiya 51:6, 45, 50.) Uko ibintu vyari vyifashe ntivyakundiye Abayuda bose ko bagira urwo rugendo rurerure basubira i Yeruzalemu be n’i Buyuda. Abasigaye i Babiloni, nka wa muhanuzi Daniyeli yari ageze mu zabukuru, bari gushobora guhezagirwa n’Imana, bakaba bakira gusa gushigikira n’umutima wabo wose ugusenga gutyoroye kwari gufise intimatima i Yeruzalemu bakongera bakaguma bitandukanije n’ugusenga kw’ikinyoma kw’Abanyababiloni.

10. “Babiloni Akomeye” yāgīrwa n’“ibintu bisesemye” ibihe?

¹⁰ Muri kino gihe, abantu amamiliyaridi barifatanya n’amadini y’ikinyoma atandukanye yakomotse muri Babiloni ha kera. (Ita. 11:6-9) Ayo madini afatiwe hamwe yitwa “Babiloni Akomeye, nyina w’abamaraya n’uw’ibintu bisesemye vyo kw’isi.” (Ivyah. 17:5) Kuva kera na rindi, idini ry’ikinyoma ryamye rishigikira abategetsi bo mu vya politike b’iyi si. Mu “bintu bisesemye” vyāgīra uwo mumaraya harimwo intambara nyinshi zahitanye abantu amamiliyoni amajana n’amajana “bishwe kw’isi,” kandi n’ubu bakiriko. (Ivyah. 18:24) Ibindi “bintu bisesemye” ni ukwonona abana be n’ubushegabo bw’ubwoko butandukanye bigirwa n’abakuru b’amadini kandi bikarenzwako uruho rw’amazi n’abayahagarikiye. None wumva bitangaje kubona Yehova Imana vuba agiye gukura idini ry’ikinyoma kuri ino si?​—Ivyah. 18:8.

11. Ni ibanga irihe abakirisu b’ukuri bafise, gushika Babiloni Akomeye asanganguwe?

¹¹ Abakirisu b’ukuri, bobo bazi ivyo bintu, barafise ibanga ryo kuburira abantu bari muri Babiloni Akomeye. Uburyo bumwe babigiramwo ni mu gutanga amabibiliya be n’ibisohokayandikiro bishingiye kuri yo bisohorwa na wa “mushumba w’umwizigirwa kandi w’ubwenge,” uwo Yezu yashinze kugira ngo atange “ibifungurwa [vyo mu buryo bw’impwemu] ku gihe kibereye.” (Mat. 24:45) Igihe abantu baba bagaragaje ko bashimishwa n’ubutumwa bwo muri Bibiliya, hararinganizwa ivy’uko bofashwa biciye ku kugirirwa inyigisho ya Bibiliya. Twizigiye ko bazoheza bakabona yuko bikenewe ko “[bahunga bakava] hagati muri Babuloni” amazi atararenga inkombe.​—Ivyah. 18:4.

Hunga ugusenga ibigirwamana

12. Imana ibona gute ibijanye no gusenga ibishushanyo be n’ibigirwamana?

¹² Ikindi kintu gisesemye gikunda gukorwa muri Babiloni Akomeye ni ugusenga ibishushanyo be n’ibigirwamana. Ivyo bintu Imana ivyita ko ari “ibintu bisesemye” be n’“ibigirwamana vy’umwanda.” (Gus. 29:17, NW) Abantu bose bipfuza guhimbara Imana bategerezwa kwirinda gusenga ibigirwamana, mu gushitsa itegeko ry’Imana rigira riti: “Jewe ndi [“Yehova”, NW], iryo ni ryo zina ryanje; icubahiro canje sinzogiha uwundi, n’ishimwe ryanje sinzoriha ibigirwamana vy’ibibāzano.”​—Yes. 42:8.

13. Ni ubwoko bwihishije butari bumwe ubuhe bw’ugusenga ibigirwamana dutegerezwa guhunga?

¹³ Ijambo ry’Imana rirerekana kandi ubwoko bwihishije butari bumwe bwo gusenga ibigirwamana. Nk’akarorero, rivuga yuko umwina ari “ugusenga ibigirwamana.” (Kol. 3:5) Kugira umwina bisobanura kwipfuza ibintu utarekuriwe, nk’amatungo y’uwundi muntu. (Kuv. 20:17) Wa mumarayika yacika Shetani wa Mubesheranyi yaratsimbataje icipfuzo kirangwa umwina co kumera nka Musumbavyose be no gusengwa. (Luka 4:5-7) Ivyo vyatumye agarariza Yehova yongera araryosharyosha Eva ngo yipfuze ikintu Imana yari yaramubujije. Mu buryo bunaka, Adamu na we nyene yarasenze ikigirwamana mu kureka icipfuzo ciwe kirangwa ubwikunzi co kugumana n’umukenyezi wiwe kikaba ari co kiba igihambaye kuruta ukugamburukira Se wiwe wo mw’ijuru arangwa urukundo. Igihushanye n’ivyo, abantu bose bipfuza guhunga umusi w’uburake w’Imana bategerezwa kuyihebera yonyene kandi bakirinda umwina uwo ari wo wose mwene uwo.

“Hunge ubusambanyi”

14-16. (a) Ni kubera iki Yozefu yatubereye akarorero keza cane mu bijanye n’ivyo kwigenza runtu? (b) Ni ibiki dukwiye kugira igihe tugize inambu y’umubiri itabereye? (c) Twoshobora gute kwererwa mu guhunga ubusambanyi?

¹⁴ Soma 1 Abakorinto 6:18. Igihe muka Potifari yagerageza kuryosharyosha Yozefu, Yozefu yaciye amuhunga. Ese ukuntu Yozefu yasigiye akarorero keza abakirisu, baba abirebange canke abubatse! Biragaragara yuko ijwi ryo mu mutima rya Yozefu ryari ryaragizweko akosho n’ibintu vyari vyarabaye muri kahise maze bigahishura ukuntu Imana ibona ibijanye n’ubusambanyi. Nimba twipfuza kugamburuka rya tegeko ridusaba “[guhunga] ubusambanyi,” tuzokwirinda ibintu vyoshobora gutuma tugirira inambu y’umubiri umuntu atari uwo twubakanye. Tubwirwa duti: “Nimwice . . . ibihimba vy’umubiri wanyu . . . ku bijanye n’ubusambanyi, ubuhumane, inambu y’umubiri, ukwipfuza kubi, n’umwina, ari kwo gusenga ibigirwamana. Kubera ivyo bintu uburake bw’Imana buriko buraza.”​—Kol. 3:5, 6.

¹⁵ Urabona yuko uwo murongo uvuga ko “uburake bw’Imana buriko buraza.” Abantu benshi muri iyi si baratsimbataza inambu z’umubiri zitabereye kandi bagatwarwa na zo. Ku bw’ivyo rero, twebwe abakirisu turakeneye gusenga dusaba imfashanyo y’Imana be n’impwemu nyeranda kugira ngo inambu z’umubiri zitabereye ntizitwigarurire. N’ikindi kandi, kwiga Bibiliya, kwitaba amakoraniro ya gikirisu be n’ukubwira bagenzi bacu inkuru nziza bizodufasha ‘kuguma tugenda twisunga impwemu.’ Muri ubwo buryo, “[ntitu]zoshitsa icipfuzo c’umubiri na kimwe.”​—Gal. 5:16.

¹⁶ Nta nkeka ko hamwe tworaba amashusho yerekana ivy’ubushegabo tutoba turiko ‘tugenda twisunga impwemu.’ Muri uwo muzi nyene, umukirisu wese arakwiye kugaba ku bijanye no gusoma ibintu bivyura inambu y’umubiri, kubiraba canke kuvyumviriza. Mu buryo busa n’ubwo, ntibibereye ko “abantu beranda” b’Imana bahimbarwa no kujajura kuri mwene ivyo bintu canke kubiganirako hagati yabo mu buryo butabereye. (Ef. 5:3, 4) Ivyo tuvyirinze, tuba tweretse Umuvyeyi wacu w’umunyarukundo yuko twipfuza vy’ukuri guhunga uburake bwiwe buriko buraza be no kuba muri ya si nshasha izoba igororotse.

Hunga “ugukunda amahera”

17, 18. Ni kubera iki dutegerezwa guhunga “ugukunda amahera”?

¹⁷ Mw’ikete rya mbere Paulo yandikiye Timoteyo, yarashize ahabona ingingo ngenderwako zari zikwiye kuyobora abashumba bakirisu, bamwebamwe muri bo bakaba bashobora kuba bari biteze kwironkera inyungu z’ivy’umubiri kubera yuko bari bafise ba shebuja b’abakirisu. Abandi na bo bashobora kuba baragerageza gukoresha ubucuti bwa kivukanyi kugira ngo bironkere inyungu zabo bwite. Paulo yaratanze ingabisho ku bijanye no “[kwiyumvira] ko ukwihebera Imana ari uburyo bwo kuronka inyungu [z’ivy’umubiri].” Umuzi w’iyo ngorane ushobora kuba wari “ugukunda amahera,” ukwo na kwo kukaba gushobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku muntu uwo ari we wese, yaba umutunzi canke umukene.​—1 Tim. 6:1, 2, 5, 9, 10.

¹⁸ Woba ushobora kwiyumvira uburorero buvugwa muri Bibiliya bw’abantu ubucuti bari bafitaniye n’Imana bwononekaye bivuye ku “gukunda amahera” canke ku gukunda ibintu bidakenewe umuntu ashobora kuronka kubera amahera? (Yos. 7:11, 21; 2 Abm. 5:20, 25-27) Paulo yahanuye Timoteyo ati: “Ewe muntu w’Imana, hunga ivyo bintu. Mugabo ukurikirane ubugororotsi, ukwihebera Imana, ukwizera, urukundo, ukwihangana, ubwitonzi.” (1 Tim. 6:11) Abo bose bipfuza kurokoka wa musi w’uburake uriko uraza, birahambaye yuko bumvira iyo mpanuro.

‘Hunga ivyipfuzo bijana n’ubuto’

19. Ni ibiki abakiri bato bose bakeneye?

¹⁹ Soma Imigani 22:15. Ubupfu bwo mu mutima w’uwukiri muto bwoshobora kumuzimiza bitagoranye. Ikintu cofasha kurinda ivyo bintu ngo ntibishike ni ugutozwa indero gushingiye kuri Bibiliya. Abakirisu benshi bakiri bato bafise abavyeyi badasangiye na bo ukwizera, bararondera kumenya ingingo ngenderwako ziri muri Bibiliya be no kuzikurikiza. Abandi na bo barungukira ku mpanuro ziranga ubukerebutsi bahabwa n’abakirisu bo mw’ishengero baciye uruma mu vy’impwemu. Kwumvira impanuro ishingiye kuri Bibiliya tutarinze kuraba uwuyiduhaye, birashobora gutuma tugira agahimbare muri kino gihe be no mu gihe kizoza.​—Heb. 12:8-11.

20. Abakiri bato bashobora gute kuronka imfashanyo yo guhunga ivyipfuzo bibi?

²⁰ Soma 2 Timoteyo 2:20-22. Abakiri bato batari bake batatojwe indero mu buryo ngirakamaro baratwawe n’inzira z’ubupfu, nko kugira agatima ko guhiganwa, umwina, ubusambanyi, ugukunda amahera be n’ugukurikirana ivyo kwiryoherererwa. Ivyo bintu bigaragaza “ivyipfuzo bijana n’ubuto,” ivyo Bibiliya iduhimiriza guhunga. Kugira ngo uwukiri muto mukirisu ahunge, bisaba ko yirinda akosho kabi, aho koturuka hose. Ikintu gishobora gufasha bimwe bidasanzwe ni impanuro Imana iduha yo gukurikirana kamere zishimwa na yo, turi “hamwe n’abambaza Umukama n’umutima udahumanye.”

21. Ni umuhango mwiza igitanganza uwuhe Yezu Kristu atanga ku bijanye n’abayoboke biwe bameze nk’intama?

²¹ Twaba tukiri bato canke dukuze, kutumviriza abantu bagerageza kutuzimiza vyerekana yuko twipfuza kuba mu bayoboke ba Yezu bameze nk’intama, ‘bahunga ijwi ry’ab’ahandi.’ (Yoh. 10:5) Ariko rero, kugira ngo turokoke umusi w’uburake w’Imana bidusaba vyinshi uretse gusa uguhunga ibintu bishobora kutugirira nabi. Dutegerezwa kandi gukurikirana kamere nziza. Ikiganiro gikurikira kiraca irya n’ino indwi muri izo kamere. Birabereye ko turushiriza kwitwararika ibijanye n’ivyo, kubera yuko Yezu atanga uwu muhango mwiza igitangaza ugira uti: “[Ndaha intama zanje] ubuzima budahera, kandi ntizizokwigera zirandurwa, kandi nta n’umwe azozishikura mu kuboko kwanje.”​—Yoh. 10:28.

Wokwishura gute?

• Ni ingabisho iyihe Yezu yahaye indongozi z’amadini?

• Ni ikintu giteye akaga ikihe cimirije gushikira abantu amamiliyoni muri kino gihe?

• Ni ubwoko bwihishije butari bumwe ubuhe bw’ugusenga ibigirwamana dutegerezwa guhunga?

[Amafoto ku rup. 8, 9]

Iyo wumvise ijambo “guhunga” ni igiki uca ubona mu bwenge?