Impanuro abitwa abahinga batanga, zirateba zigata agaciro
MURI kino gihe, abantu bishoboka ko bakoresha orodinateri, biciye kuri bwa buhinga bwitwa Internet usanga bashobora kurondera impanuro zerekeye uburyo abavyeyi borera abana babo, maze mu kanya isase bakabona amaronderero arenga imiliyoni 26 barungikwamwo kuraba amakuru ajanye n’ivyo. Hamwe wofata umunuta umwumwe gusa ukaza uraja muri rimwerimwe ryose muri ayo maronderero, ukongera ukaza urasoma amakuru uhasanga, umwana wawe yokura akarinda agera mu bigero utaranaheza.
Igihe hatari bwaboneke abaganga bitwararika amagara y’abana, abahinga mu bijanye n’inyifato y’abana, be n’ubwo buhinga bwa Internet, ni hehe none abavyeyi baronderera impanuro? Muri rusangi, baja guhanuza abaryango babo. Nyina w’umuntu, se wiwe, ba inasenge na ba nyinabo, ba inarume na ba sewabo wasanga biteguriye kandi bashoboye kumuha impanuro, kumufasha mu vy’ubutunzi, hamwe no kwitaho abana biwe. Ariko mu bihugu vyinshi, kuba abantu benshi cane bava mu gihugu hagati bakaja kuba mu bisagara, vyatumye ubucuti bwa hafi bari bafitaniye buba nk’ubuhagaze. Muri kino gihe, akenshi cane usanga ba inabibondo be na ba sebibondo ari bo birwanako mu kurera abana babo.
Nta gukeka ko iyo ari imvo imwe yatumye muri iki gihe ibintu be n’inzego bigenewe gufasha mu vyo kurera abana bigwirirana ningoga na ningoga. Iyindi mvo yabitumye, ni ukuntu abantu benshi usanga bizera ubuhinga bwa siyansi. Mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1800, abanyagihugu bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bari bamaze gutangura kujijuka yuko ubuhinga bwa siyansi bushobora kuryohora imice yose y’ubuzima bw’abantu. Wumva none ivyo kurera abana ari vyo vyari gusigara inyuma? Igihe rero mu 1899 Inama ya ba inabibondo yo muri ico gihugu yidoga ivuga icese yuko “abavyeyi batazi” kurera abana babo, abitwa ngo ni abahinga mu vy’ukurera abana baciye bisukira bati twatanzwe. Abavyeyi bariko bagwa bavyuka kugira ngo barere neza abana babo, abo bahinga baciye babasezeranira kubafasha kuvyifatamwo neza.
Kuronderera impanuro mu bitabu
Yamara, abo bahinga bashitse ku biki? Tugereranije n’uko ibintu vyari vyifashe mu myaka iheze, twoba twovuga ko muri iki gihe abavyeyi batagihagarika umutima cane ku bijanye no kurera abana babo, kandi ko ubu basigaye bafise ibikenewe bituma bavyifatamwo neza? Itohoza rimwe riheruka kugirwa mu Bwongereza ryoryo ryerekana ko atari ukwo biri. Ryerekanye yuko ibice nka 35 kw’ijana vy’abavyeyi bafise abana batobato, bakiriko bararondera impanuro bashobora kwizigira. Mu bijanye no kurera abana, hari abandi babona ko ata kundi bobigenza atari ukubarera uko bo bavyiyumvamwo.
Mu gitabu uwitwa Ann Hulbert yanditse (Raising America: Experts, Parents, and a Century of Advice About Children), aravuga ibijanye n’ibitabu bivuga ivy’ukurera abana vyagiye birandikwa n’abahinga. Hulbert, ubwiwe akaba ari nyina w’abana babiri, avuga yuko bikeyi gusa mu vyiyumviro abo bahinga bashitseko ari vyo usanga bishingiye ku bumenyi n’ubuhinga nyavyo. Mu vy’ukuri, biboneka yuko impanuro bagiye baratanga bazishingira canecane ku vyo bo ubwabo biboneye mu buzima, aho kuzishingira ku kuntu muri rusangi ibintu bimeze koko. Ubiravye, vyinshi mu vyo banditse biboneka ko vyataye agaciro, ko bivuguruzanya, kandi rimwe na rimwe ugasanga ni ibintu bidatomoye.
None muri iki gihe, abavyeyi ivyabo vyifashe gute mu bijanye n’ivyo kurera abana? Tuvugishije ukuri, muri iki gihe impanuro zitangwa, ivyiyumviro bishikirizwa be n’ibihari biba, bisigaye ari umurengera ku buryo abavyeyi benshi bata umutwe, bakabura ico bafata n’ico bareka. Ariko ntiwumve, si abavyeyi bose batabona uko bovyifatamwo mu bijanye n’ukurera abana babo. Nk’uko ikiganiro gikurikira kivyerekana, hariho abavyeyi bo mu mihingo yose yo kw’isi bariko barungukira kw’isôko rimwe ry’ubukerebutsi rya kera n’ubu rikibandanya kuba isôko ry’impanuro zo kwizigirwa.