Yaragize umutima rugabo araremesha abantu gusoma Bibiliya

Yacikaniye mu kiyaya gikonje co muri Siberiya yo mu Buseruko, apfa asizwe iceyi, yambitswe ibara. Ni bake cane bibuka ko yari umwe mu bantu bagize ikintu kinini bakoze mu bijanye no gufasha Abagiriki nka we gutera imbere mu vy’Imana. Iyo mboneza yirengagijwe yitwa Serafimu. Umutima rugabo yagize wo kuremesha abantu gusoma Bibiliya uri mu vyo yazize.

SERAFIMU yabayeho mu gihe Ubugiriki bwatwarwa n’Inganji y’Abanyaturukiya. Incabwenge imwe y’Umugiriki w’umworotodogisi yitwa George Metallinos, ivuga yuko ico gihe “hari amashure meza make cane” be n’uko “abantu benshi wasanga ata bumenyi bafise”, ushizemwo mbere n’abakuru b’idini.

Hariho umukokwe hagati y’ikigiriki citwa koyine (cari cahoze kimenyerewe) be n’icavugwa n’abanyagihugu ico gihe, ico na co kikaba cari gifise indimi ntonto nyinshi zigikomokako. Uwo mukokwe waragutse cane ku buryo abantu bataciye ku ntebe y’ishure batari bagitahura ico kigiriki citwa koyine, ico kikaba ari na co Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu vyanditswemwo. Mu bihari vyahabaye ku bijanye n’uwo mukokwe, idini ryahisemwo kuza rirakoresha ico kigiriki citwa koyine cagora abantu gutahura.

Ukwo ni ko ibintu vyari vyifashe igihe uwitwa Stephanos Ioannis Pogonatus yavukira mu muryango uzwi cane waba kw’izinga rya Lesbos mu Bugiriki, aho hakaba hari nko mu 1670. Ico gihe kuri iryo zinga hari ubukene bwinshi kandi abantu benshi wasanga bataciye ku ntebe y’ishure. Kubera ko amashure yari imparurwa, Stephanos yabwirijwe kwigira amashure y’intango mu kigo kimwe c’abihebeye Imana co muri iryo zinga. Akiri muto cane, yarahawe ubudiyakoni mw’idini rya Orotodogisi ryo mu Bugiriki, maze aca yitwa Serafimu.

Nko mu mwaka wa 1693, Serafimu, kubera ko yari anyotewe cane kumenya vyinshi, yaragiye i Konsitantinopule (ahitwa muri iki gihe Istanbul, muri Turukiya). Mu nyuma, ubuhanga bwiwe bwahavuye butuma yemerwa cane n’Abagiriki bakomakomeye. Haciye igihe gito, yararungitswe n’umuhari umwe w’Abagiriki ukorera mu kinyegero waharanira ubwigenge bw’igihugu kuwubera intumwa ku Mwami w’abami Petero Mukuru w’Uburusiya. Urugendo Serafimu yagize rwo kuja i Moscou no kugaruka rwatumye aca mu bihugu vyinshi vya Buraya, aho yashoboye kumenya ingene abantu bariko barondera kugira ivyo bahinduye mu bijanye n’idini no mu bijanye n’ubumenyi. Mu 1698, Serafimu yarafashe urugendo aja mu Bwongereza, arashobora kumenyana n’abantu bakomakomeye i Londres n’i Oxford. Yarashoboye kumenyana na Musenyeri mukuru w’i Cantorbéry, ari na we yari umukuru w’idini ry’abangilikani, ivyo bikaba vyahavuye bimugirira akamaro.

Asohora Bibiliya

Igihe Serafimu yari mu Bwongereza, yarabonye yuko Abagiriki bari bakeneye rwose impinduro nshasha yoroshe gutahura y’“Isezerano risha” (ari vyo Vyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu). Serafimu, afatiye ku mpinduro yari imaze imyaka irenga 50 isohowe n’umumonaki yitwa Maxime, yaratanguye igikorwa co gusohora impinduro nshasha, itarimwo amakosa kandi irushirije kuba iyoroshe gutahura. Ico gikorwa yagitanguranye ishaka ryinshi, ariko butaraca na kabiri uburyo buramuherana. Ivyizigiro vyasubiye kugaruka igihe wa Musenyeri mukuru w’i Cantorbéry yamwemerera yuko azoza aramuronsa amahera akenewe. Aho Serafimu aronkeye iyo mfashanyo, yaciye asubira kugira intege, aragura impapuro zo gucapurirako yongera arapatana n’uwogiye aramucapurira.

Ariko rero, ivyo gucapura vyarateye imbere gushika gusa hagati mu Njili ya Luka. Hinge rero mu Bwongereza zihindure imirisho mu vya politike maze uwo Musenyeri mukuru w’i Cantorbéry ahagarike kuza aramufata mu mugongo mu vy’amahera. Serafimu ntiyaciye ata hasi, ahubwo riho yaciye arondera abantu b’abatunzi bomufasha, maze mu 1703 arashobora gusohora impinduro yiwe iryohoye. Igice kimwe c’amahera ico gikorwa catwaye catanzwe n’Ishirahamwe rijejwe gukwiragiza Injili mu mahanga.

Ya mpinduro yari yarasohowe na Maxime, iyari igizwe n’imbumbe zibiri, yarimwo n’igisomwa co mu ntango co mu kigiriki. Yari niniya cane kandi iremereye. Nya mpinduro iryohoye ya Serafimu yoyo yari yanditse mu tudome dutoduto, ikaba yari irimwo igisomwa co mu kigiriki ca none gusa. Vyongeye, yari ntoyi kandi yari izimbutse.

Yegenyeza umuriro

Ya ncabwenge y’Umugiriki George Metallinos ivuga iti: “Nta gukeka ko ico gitabu gihuje n’igihe cari ikintu abanyagihugu bari bakeneye koko. Yamara, Serafimu yaciye aboneraho akaryo ko kunebagura umugwi umwe w’abakuru b’idini barwanya ivyo guhindura [Bibiliya]”. Abakuru b’idini ryaranize kubona Serafimu mu ntangamarara y’impinduro yiwe yaravuze yuko iyo mpinduro yayisohoreye ‘canecane abapatiri bamwebamwe be n’abihebeye Imana bamwebamwe batatahura ikigiriki [kimwe citwa koyine], kugira ngo, babifashijwemwo na Mutima Mweranda Cane, bashobore gusoma igisomwa co mu ntango bongere bagire ivyo batahuye, baheze bavyigishe abakirisu basanzwe’ (Uguhindura Bibiliya mu kigiriki ca none​—Mu kinjana ca 19 [mu congereza]). Gutyo, ivy’ukutumvikana gukaze ku bijanye n’ivy’uguhindura Bibiliya vyari bisanzwe biri mw’idini rya Orotodogisi ryo mu Bugiriki, Serafimu yasanze yabitayemwo umutwe atabizi.

Bamwe babona yuko kugira ngo abantu bashobore gutera imbere mu vy’Imana no mu vy’ukwigenza runtu bategerezwa gutahura Bibiliya. Babona kandi ko abakuru b’idini bategerezwa na bo nyene kuryohora ubumenyi bari bafise bwerekeye Ivyanditswe. N’ikindi kandi, abashigikira ivyo guhindura Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi babona ko ukuri kwo mu Vyanditswe gushobora kuvugwa mu rurimi urwo ari rwo rwose.​—Ivyahishuriwe 7:9.

Abarwanya ivyo guhindura Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi bobo bavuga yuko ngo vyotituye ibivugwa muri yo, bikongera bigatuma idini ritakaza ubukuru rifise mu bijanye n’ivyo gusigura Ivyanditswe no mu bijanye n’inyigisho ntahinyuzwa zaryo. Ariko mu vy’ukuri ico batinya kwari uko abaporotisanti bariko barakoresha uguhindura Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi kugira ngo bamenere binjire mw’idini rya Orotodogisi ryo mu Bugiriki. Abakuru b’idini benshi biyumvira ko bategerezwa kurwanya ikintu cose coza gifasha abaporotisanti, ushizemwo n’utwigoro two gutuma abanyagihugu nciyaho batahura Bibiliya. Gutyo rero, ivyo guhindura Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi vyaciye biba yo ntandaro nyamukuru y’amatati hagati y’idini ry’abaporotisanti n’iry’aborotodogisi.

Naho Serafimu atashaka kuva mw’idini rya Orotodogisi, yarashize ku kabarore ukutamenya be n’ukudakurwa kw’ijambo kw’abakuru b’idini bamurwanya. Mu ntangamarara ya ya mpinduro yiwe y’“Isezerano Risha”, yanditse ati: “Zina mukirisu wese atinya Imana arakeneye gusoma Bibiliya Nyeranda” kugira ngo “acike umuntu yigana Kirisitu kandi yumvira inyigisho [ziwe]”. Serafimu yaravuze ashimitse yuko kubuza abantu kwiga Ivyanditswe vyava kuri Shetani.

Arwanywa bimwe bikomeye

Igihe impinduro ya Serafimu yashika mu Bugiriki, vyarashavuje cane idini ryaho. Iyo mpinduro nshasha yaciye ibuzwa. Amakopi yayo yaraturiwe, kandi uwo wese yaba ayitunze canke yayisoma yaraterwa ubwoba ko ashobora kwirukanwa mw’idini. Umukuru w’idini rya Orotodogisi Gaburiyeli wa gatatu yarabujije ko iyo mpinduro ya Serafimu ikwiragizwa, avuga ko idakenewe kandi ko ata co imaze.

Naho Serafimu ataciye yihebura, yaratahuye ko ategerezwa kwiyubara. Naho impinduro yiwe yari ibujijwe n’idini ry’aho mu Bugiriki, hari abakuru b’iryo dini be n’abayoboke baryo batari bake bayakirije yompi. Yarashoboye gukwiragiza amakopi menshi cane y’iyo mpinduro yiwe. Yamara, ngo ‘Akari inyuma karahinda’, amatati yari hagati yiwe n’abantu bafise ububasha bamurwanya nta ho yari yagiye.

Intango y’iherezo ryiwe

Uretse ko Serafimu yaremesheje ivyo gukwiragiza Bibiliya, yaraninjiye mu mihari iharanira amahinduka be n’iyiharanira ubwigenge bw’igihugu. Kugira abibandanyemwo, yarasubiye i Moscou mu ci ryo mu 1704. Yarabaye umugumyabanga wa Petero Mukuru, kandi aramara igihe kinaka ari umwigisha wo kuri Kaminuza yitiriwe Umwami yo mu Burusiya. Ariko rero, kubera ko Serafimu yari arajwe ishinga n’ivyohava bishikira ya mpinduro yiwe, yaciye asubira i Konsitantinopule mu 1705.

Igihe Serafimu yasubira gucapurisha impinduro yiwe muri uwo mwaka nyene, yarakuyemwo ya ntangamarara yarimwo amajambo yo kunegura abandi yari muri ya mpinduro yacapurisha ubwa mbere. Yaciye ashiramwo intangamarara isanzwe yaremesha abantu gusoma Bibiliya. Iyo nteguro nshasha yarakwiragijwe cane, kandi nta makuru n’amwe ahari avuga yuko yoba yararwanijwe n’abakuru b’idini.

Yamara, mu 1714, Umugiriki umwe w’ingenzi yitwa Alexander Helladius yarwanya ivyo guhindura Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi, yarakwegeye Serafimu akarambaraye. Mu gitabu yanditse citwa Status Præsens Ecclesiæ Græcæ (Ukuntu ivy’idini ryo mu Bugiriki vyifashe muri iki gihe), yaranebaguye bikomeye abahinduzi ba Bibiliya be n’impinduro za Bibiliya. Muri ico gitabu, Helladius yaranditse ikigabane cose ku vyerekeye Serafimu, amwagiriza ngo ni igisuma, umwambuzi w’uruyeri n’umwangushi ata co azi kandi w’igihumbu. Ivyo vyagirizo vyoba vyari ivy’ukuri? Umwanditsi umwe yitwa Stylianos Bairaktaris arashikiriza iciyumviro gifise ishingiro incabwenge nyinshi zihurizako, mu kuvuga yuko Serafimu yari ‘inshirukabute akaba n’imboneza y’incabwenge’ yarwanijwe kubera ko yari azi vyinshi kuruta abo mu gihe ciwe. Yamara, ico gitabu ca Helladius kiri mu vyatumye Serafimu agira iherezo ribi.

Yikekwa

Igihe Serafimu yasubira mu Burusiya mu 1731, Petero Mukuru yari amaze gupfa. Uwo mudiyakoni w’Umugiriki ntiyabaye rero akironka umutegetsi amukingira. Umwamikazi Anna Ivanovna yatwara ico gihe yari umuntu yitwararika cane kuraba ko ata kintu na kimwe cohava gitera umudurumbanyo mu nganji yiwe. Muri Nzero 1732, vyaranuganuzwe i Saint-Pétersbourg yuko ngo hariho umutasi w’Umugiriki yariko akora ibigeramira ineza y’inganji. Uwo muntu yikekwa yari Serafimu. Yarafashwe maze aca arungikwa mu kigo c’abihebeye Imana c’i Nevsky kugira asambishwe. Muri ico kigo hari hasanzwe hari ca gitabu candikwa na Helladius cagiriza Serafimu ivyaha bitari bike. Uwo mudiyakoni yaragize ivyo yanditse incuro zitatu agerageza kwiregura ivyo yagirizwa. Serafimu yamaze amezi nk’atanu asambishwa, kandi vyari bigoye ko yikurako uwo mwikeko.

Kubera ko ata bimenyamenya biboneka vyatanzwe ku bijanye n’ivyo Serafimu yagirizwa, yarasimvye urwo gupfa. Yamara, abategetsi baratinye kumurekura kubera ibinyoma yagirizwa na Helladius. Uwo mudiyakoni w’Umugiriki yaciye acirirwa igihano co kujanwa muri Siberiya akagumayo ubuzima bwiwe bwose. Urubanza yaciriwe rwavuga yuko ivyo yagirizwa vyari bishingiye ku birego biri “mu gitabu casohowe n’umwanditsi w’Umugiriki Helladius”. Muri Mukakaro 1732, Serafimu yarashitse muri Siberiya yo mu Buseruko aboheshejwe iminyororo, hanyuma atabwa mw’ibohero ryakorerwamwo amabi atovugwa ry’i Okhotsk.

Haciye nk’imyaka itatu, Serafimu yarapfuye ari akahebwe. Rimwe na rimwe, wasanga yihenda kandi ntiyiyubare mu buryo yabona ibintu be no mu buryo yabikora, mugabo impinduro yiwe ya Bibiliya ni imwe mu mpinduro nyinshi zo mu kigiriki ca none zihari muri iki gihea. Imwe muri izo ni ya mpinduro ya Bibiliya yoroshe gutahura yitwa Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau, iyiboneka no mu zindi ndimi zitari nke. Ese ukuntu dukenguruka cane kuba Yehova Imana yarazigamye Ijambo ryiwe kugira ngo abantu aho bari hose bashobore kuronka akaryo ko “[gu]shika ku kumenya ivy’ukuri”!​—1 Timoteyo 2:3, 4.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Ifoto ku rup. 12]

Petero Mukuru

[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 10]

Amafoto: Tuyakesha American Bible Society