Amahera n’imico runtu ico twigira kuri kahise

KW’IGENEKEREZO rya 7 Ndamukiza 1630, hari abantu nk’amajana ane bari mu bwato bune bafashe urugendo baja muri Amerika bavuye mu Bwongereza. Benshi muri bo bari abantu bize cane. Abandi na bo bari abagwizatunga bakomeye cane. Mbere hari n’abari basanzwe bari mu nama nshingamateka. Ivy’ubutunzi mu gihugu cabo vyari bigeze aho umwansi ashaka, n’icavyunyuye ikaba ari ya Ntambara y’urutavanako y’imyaka mirongo itatu yaba i Buraya (1618-1648). Rero, batanazi ingene uburuhiro ibintu vyogenze, barasize amazu, urudandaza be n’incuti baja kurondera ubuzima bwiza kuruta.

Yamara, uwo mugwi w’abantu bari bafise ivyizigiro ntiwari gusa umugwi w’abadandaza bironderera inyungu mu kwikika mu kiza. Bari Abapirete b’abanyamwete bariko bahunga uruhamo rushingiye kw’idinia. Ihangiro nyakuri bari bafise ryari iryo gushinga ikibano cibanga Imana, aho bo be n’abobakomotseko boshoboye gusagamba mu vy’umubiri batiriwe bararenga ku ngingo mfatirwako za Bibiliya. Butaraca na kabiri bashitse i Salemu mu ntara ya Masashuseti, baciye bigarurira agace gatoyi ko ku nkengera y’ibahari. Aho hantu hashasha bari bagiye kuba bahise Boston.

Kubirimbanya nticari icoroshe

John Winthrop, uwari indongozi yabo akaba na buramatari wabo, yarakoze uko ashoboye kwose kugira ateze imbere muri ico kibano gishasha ivy’ubutunzi umuntu agaba ubwiwe hamwe n’ibijanye n’ineza ya bose. Yashaka ko abantu bagira amahera, muri ico gihe nyene bakagendera imico runtu. Yamara, kurimbanya ivyo bintu nticari icoroshe. Kubera ko Winthrop yabona ingorane zoshoboye kuvyuka, yarasiguriye cane bagenziwe ibijanye n’uruhara ubutunzi bugira mu kibano cibanga Imana.

Cokimwe n’izindi ndongozi z’Abapirete, Winthrop yabona ko gukurikirana amatungo ubwavyo bitari bibi. Yavuga ko intumbero nyamukuru yo kugira amatungo ari iyo gufasha abandi. Gutyo, uko umuntu yorushirije gutunga ni ko yoshoboye kurushiriza gukora iciza. Umutohozakahise yitwa Patricia O’Toole avuga ati: “Nta bintu vyatuma Abapirete bashangashirwa cane nk’ibijanye n’amatungo. Kugira amatungo cari ikimenyetso c’umuhezagiro w’Imana bikaba n’inyosha mbi ikomeye yashobora kwosha umuntu gukora icaha c’ubwibone . . . be n’ivyaha vy’umubiri”.

Kugira umuntu yirinde ivyaha bishobora guterwa n’amatungo be n’ukuba mu bihinda, Winthrop yaremesheje ivy’ukutarenza urugero be n’ukwigumya. Ariko rero, butaraca na kabiri, agatima abanyagihugu bagenziwe bari bafise ko kwironderera inyungu kabaye nk’akarwanya utwigoro yariko agira two kubahatira ku kwibanga Imana no ku gukundana. Abatavuga rumwe na Winthrop baciye batangura kwiyamiriza ivyo babona ko ari nk’ukwinjira cane mu vyabo. Hari abatanguye kugumuka basaba ko hobaho inama nshingamateka yatowe, yogira uruhara mu vy’ugufata ingingo. Abandi na bo bahisemwo kwishingurira akaguru bimukira mu ntara ya Connecticut bahana urubibe kugira ngo babandanye kwironderera inyungu zabo bwite.

O’Toole avuga ati: “Kurondera uturyo, ugusagamba, be na demokarasi, zari zo nguvu zikomeye zaha ingoga Abanyamasashuseti b’Abapirete, kandi ivyo vyose ni vyo vyasa n’ibikomeza ivyipfuzo bari bafise, bakirengagiza ivyiyumviro vya Winthrop bijanye no gukoresha itunga ku neza rusangi”. Mu 1649, Winthrop yarapfuye akenye cane, apfa afise imyaka 61. Naho nya kibano kitari gikomeye c’Abapirete cashoboye kwogorora kikava mu magume menshi caciyemwo, Winthrop ntiyabandanije kubaho ngo abone iranguka ry’indoto ziwe.

Barabandanya kurondera

Ivyiyumviro John Winthrop yari afise mu bwenge bijanye n’isi irushirije kuba nziza ntivyaheranye na we. Ku mwaka ku mwaka, abantu ibihumbi amajana n’amajana barava muri Afirika, muri Aziya yo mu Bumanuko, mu Buraya bwo mu Buseruko, no muri Amerika y’Epfo bakimukira mu bindi bihugu, bizigiye kuronka ubuzima bwiza kuruta. Bamwe muri bo basukwasukwa n’ibintu amajana n’amajana bigizwe n’ibitabu bishasha, amanama nkarishabwenge be n’imihora yo kuri Internet bihingurwa canke bigirwa ku mwaka ku mwaka, bibasezeranira kuronka akabanga k’uburyo bwo gutunga. Si agaseseshwarumuri, abenshi baracariko bagwa bavyuka kugira baronke amahera, bizigiye ko bazobigira batarinze guheba imico runtu.

Tuvugishije ukuri, ivyavuyemwo vyabaye ibivuna umutima. Abarondera amatungo akenshi usanga uburuhiro barenze ku ngingo ngenderwako bari babayeho bisunga, rimwe na rimwe n’ukwizera kwabo bakagukaba amatungo. Ku bw’ivyo, woshobora kubaza ibi bibazo vyumvikana: “Umuntu yoba ashobora kuba umukirisu w’ukuri akongera akaba n’umutunzi? Hoba hazoteba hakabaho ikibano gitinya Imana gisagamvye mu vy’umubiri no mu vy’Imana?”. Bibiliya irishura ivyo bibazo, nk’uko ikiganiro gikurikira kivyerekana.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Ifoto ku rup. 3]

Ubwato: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck; Winthrop: Brown Brothers