Kapadokiya—Aho abantu babaye mu vyobo vyakorongoshowe n’umuyaga be n’amazi

INTUMWA Petero yaravuze ivyerekeye Kapadokiya. Mu bo yandikiye ikete ryiwe rya mbere ryahumetswe, harimwo “inyambukīra zo mu bāsanzariye . . . i Kapadokiya” (1 Petero 1:1). I Kapadokiya hari hameze gute? Ni kubera iki abantu baho babaye mu vyobo bikorongoshowe mu mabuye? Ubukirisu bwabashikiriye gute?

“Twagiye dusanga twazimiriye mu bibuye vyinshi bisongoye be n’ibimeze nk’inkingi”. Ivyo vyavuzwe n’Umwongereza w’ingenzi yitwa W. F. Ainsworth yatembereye i Kapadokiya mu myaka ya 1840. Uravye ukuntu ako karere ko muri Turukiya kaboneka mu buryo budasanzwe, karabandaya kujoreza abantu bakagendera muri iki gihe. Mu tubande tw’i Kapadokiya uhasanga “ibishusho” bidasanzwe vy’amabuye, vyimereye nk’abashibamyi bakoraniye hamwe. Bimwe usanga bimeze nk’ibifumbiro amahanga vy’umwotsi birebire cane bigereza nko ku metero 30 canke zirenga. Ibindi bisa n’amarobe amahero yegeranirije mu cibo, ibindi ugasanga bisongoye ku mitwe, mu gihe ibindi na vyo bimeze nk’ibizinu.

Ese ingene ivyo bishusho usanga bibereye ijisho igihe izuba ribirasiyeko bigaca bigira amabara atandukanye uko umusi ugenda witerera! Mu mutwenzi bisa n’iriserutse. Hageze ku mutaga bigira ibara ryeragurika; iyo izuba rirenze na ho birahinduka bigasigara bisa n’urubeya. Ni ibiki vyahinguye ivyo “bibuye vyinshi bisongoye be n’ibimeze nk’inkingi”? Kandi ni kubera iki abantu bo muri ako karere bimvye amazu muri vyo?

Vyakorongoshowe n’umuyaga be n’amazi

I Kapadokiya hari hagati na hagati mu karere ahanini gakikujwe n’amazi k’i Anatoliya, ari na ko gafatanya Aziya n’Uburaya. Ako karere kobaye ari nk’itaba iyaba katarimwo ibirunga bibiri. Haraciye imyaka ibihumbi habaye iturika rikomeye ry’ivyo birunga ryatumye ako karere gakwiragirako ibibuye vy’ubwoko bubiri, ni ukuvuga ibibuye vy’amasare avanze urucekeri be n’ibibuye vyera vyakomotse mu munyota w’ivyo birunga wakonje.

Uko inzuzi, imvura be n’umuyaga vyatangura kuza birabozora ivyo bibuye vy’amasare avanze urucekeri, hagiye haraboneka ivyobo. Amaherezo, ibitandara bimwebimwe vyaba bikikuje ivyo vyobo, vyagiye birabazuka gushika bicike inkingi injojo z’ibibuye bisongoye, bituma ako karere gasa n’agakwiragiyeko ibibuye bimeze nk’ibishusho ata handi wobisanga kw’isi nzima. Bimwebimwe muri ivyo bibuye bisongoye vyasigaye bimeze nk’ibimamara nyavyo vy’ubuki. Abantu baho barakorongoshoye ivyumba muri ivyo bibuye bigizwe n’urucekeri, bakagenda barongerako ibindi vyumba uko umuryango wagenda uraguka. Mu gihe c’ici aho hantu usanga haba hari agafuto, mu rushana na ho hakaba hasusurutse.

Kuba mu ruvange rw’akaranga

Abo bantu babaye muri ivyo vyumba vyo mu kuzimu vy’i Kapadokiya vyari gushoboka ko baguma nka bonyene iyaba batabaye mu ruvange rw’akaranga. Ibarabara ryari rizwi cane ryitwa route de la soie, rikaba ryari ibarabara ry’ivy’ubudandaji rireha n’ibilometero 6.500 ryafatanya Inganji y’Uburoma n’Ubushinwa, ryaca i Kapadokiya. Turetse abadandaza, ingabo z’Abaperesi, iz’Abagiriki be n’iz’Abaroma zaraca muri iryo barabara. Izo ngenzi zarahazanye ivyiyumviro bishasha vy’idini.

Nko mu kinjana ca kabiri B.G.C., vyaraboneka ko Abayuda bari bamaze kugerera i Kapadokiya. Kandi Abayuda bo muri ako karere bari i Yeruzalemu mu mwaka wa 33 G.C. Bari baje guhimbaza imisi mikuru ya Pentekoti. Ni co gituma intumwa Petero yamamaje ku Bayuda b’i Kapadokiya inyuma ya kwa gusukwa kw’impwemu yera (Ivyakozwe 2:1-9). Biboneka ko bamwebamwe bemeye ubutumwa yabashikirije hanyuma basubira iwabo bafise ukwemera gushasha bari baronse. Ku bw’ivyo, mw’ikete rya mbere Petero yanditse, yarashizemwo abakirisu b’i Kapadokiya.

Mugabo rero, uko imyaka yagiye irahaca, abakirisu b’i Kapadokiya baratanguye kwoshwa n’amafilozofiya ya gipagani. Indongozi z’idini zitatu zikomeye z’i Kapadokiya zo mu kinjana ca kane zaranarwaniye bimwe bikomeye inyigisho idashingiye ku Vyanditswe y’Ubutatu. Abo na bo bari Grégoire w’i Nazianze, Basile Mukuru na murumunawe Grégoire w’i Nysse.

Basile Mukuru yararemesheje kandi ivyo kubaho umuntu yiyima. Za nzu zibayabaye z’Abanyakapadokiya zikorongoshowe mu mabuye zari zibereye ubwo buryo yasaba bwo kubaho. Uko umuryango w’abamonaki wagenda urakura, ni ko insengero zuzuye zagiye zirakorongoshorwa imbere mu bibuye bininibinini kuruta ibindi bisongoye hejuru. Mu kinjana ca 13, insengero nk’amajana atatu zari zimaze gukorongoshorwa muri nya bitandara. Nyinshi muri zo n’ubu ziracariho.

Naho izo nsengero be n’ivyo bigo vy’abamonaki bitagikoreshwa, uburyo abantu baho babayeho ntibwahindutse kanini mu binjana n’ibindi biheze. Ivyumba vyo mu kuzimu bitari bike biracakoreshwa nk’uburaro. Mu bantu batemberera i Kapadokiya, ni bake batajorezwa n’ubuhanga buhanitse abantu baho bakoresheje mu guhindura aho hantu hagacika inzu zo kubamwo.

[Ikarata ku rup. 24, 25]

(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba ico gitabu)

KAPADOKIYA

UBUSHINWA (Cathay)