Igitabu Candikiwe Abantu Bose

“Imana [nti]robanura abantu ku butoni, ariko mu mahanga yose ūyubaha, agakora ivy’ukugororoka, iramwemera.”—IVYAKOZWE 10:34, 35.

1. Umuporofeseri umwe yishuye ate igihe bamubaza ico yiyumvira kuri Bibiliya, kandi yafashe ingingo yo kugira iki?

NYA MUPOROFESERI yari i muhira ku musi w’iyinga ku muhingamo, ata bashitsi yiteze. Mugabo igihe umwe mu bavukanyikazi bacu b’Abakirisu yaramutsa, yarateze ugutwi. Uwo muvukanyikazi yavuze ivyerekeye ugutosekara kw’ibidukikije hamwe na kazoza k’isi—bikaba vyari ibiganiro bimushimisha. Ariko rero, igihe yinjiza ivya Bibiliya muri ico kiyago, uno mugabo yabonetse nk’uwugonanwa. Nuko, uwo muvukanyikazi amubaza ico yiyumvira kuri Bibiliya.

Yishuye ati: “Bibiliya ni igitabu ciza canditswe n’abagabo kanaka b’incabwenge, mugabo ntikwiye gufatanwa uburemere.”

Uwo muvukanyikazi abaza ati: “Woba urigera usoma Bibiliya?”

Kubera ko uwo muporofeseri yari yajorewe, yabwirijwe kwiyemerera ko atarigera ayisoma.

Uwo muvukanyikazi aca abaza ati: “Ushobora ute guserura ukujijuka gukomeye ku vyerekeye igitabu utarigera usoma?”

Uwo muvukanyikazi wacu yari amwumvishije. Nya muporofeseri yafashe ingingo yo gutohoza Bibiliya, maze abe ariho agira ico ayivuzeko.

2, 3. Ni kuki Bibiliya ari igitabu abantu benshi batazi, kandi ivyo bituma duhangana n’iki?

² Uwo muporofeseri ntari wenyene. Abantu benshi barafise ivyiyumviro bishizemwo ku vyerekeye Bibiliya naho ubwabo batarigera bayisoma. Barashobora kuba batunze Bibiliya. Barashobora no kuba bemera icese ko ari igitabu c’agaciro mu vy’ubuhinga bw’ukwandika no mu vya kahise. Mugabo kuri benshi, ni igitabu kizinzwe. Bamwe bavuga ngo: ‘Nta mwanya mfise wo gusoma Bibiliya.’ Abandi bakibaza bati: ‘Bishoboka bite ko igitabu ca kera nk’ico coshobora kuba gifitanye isano n’ubuzima bwanje?’ Ubwo buryo bwo kubona ibintu buratuma vy’ukuri ibintu bitatworohera. Ivyabona vya Yehova barizera bashikamye yuko Bibiliya “[y]ahumetswe n’Imana, kandi [ika]gira ikimazi co kwigisha umuntu.” (2 Timoteyo 3:16, 17) Ariko dushobora kujijura abantu dute yuko bakwiye gutohoza Bibiliya bataravye ibara ryabo ry’urukoba, igihugu canke ubwoko bakuriyemwo?

³ Reka tuyage ku mpamvu zimwezimwe z’igituma Bibiliya ikwiriye gutohozwa. Ico kiyago kirashobora kuturonsa ivyo dukeneye kugirango twumvishe abo duhwana mu gikenurwa cacu, kumbure tukabajijura yuko bakwiye kurimbura ico Bibiliya ivuga. Ubwo nyene, iryo subiramwo rikwiye gukomeza ukwizera kwacu ubwacu yuko, vy’ukuri, Bibiliya iri ico ivuga nyene ko iri—ni ukuvuga “Ijambo ry’Imana.”—Abaheburayo 4:12.

Igitabu Carushije Ibindi Vyose Gukwiragizwa kw Isi

4. Ni kuki umuntu ashobora kuvuga yuko kw isi Bibiliya ari co gitabu carushije ibindi vyose gukwiragizwa?

⁴ Ubwa mbere, Bibiliya irakwiriye kwihwezwa kubera ko muri kahise k’abantu hose, yarushije kure n’iyo ibindi bitabu vyose gukwiragizwa no guhindurwa. Haraheze imyaka irenga 500 Bibiliya ya mbere icapuwe hakoreshejwe inyuguti zipangwa zigapangurwa yarasohotse icapuriro rya Johannes Gutenberg. Kuva ico gihe, Bibiliya zigereranirizwa mu miliyaridi zine, zaba izikwiye canke ibihimba vyazo, zaracapuwe. Mu 1996, Bibiliya yuzuye canke ibice vyayo yari imaze guhindurwa mu ndimi canke mu ndimirimi 2 167.a Ibice birenga 90 kw ijana vy’abo mu muryango w’abantu barashobora kuronka n’imiburiburi igice ca Bibiliya mu rurimi rwabo bwite. Nta kindi gitabu—caba ic’idini canke ic’ibindi—coruha kiyegereza!

5. Ni kuki twokwitega yuko Bibiliya ironkwa n’abantu bo kw isi yose?

⁵ Ibitigiri vyonyene si vyo bigaragaza yuko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ry’Imana. Ariko rero, inkuru yanditse yahumetswe n’Imana ikwiye kuba ishikīra abantu bo kw isi yose. Nakare, Bibiliya ubwayo itubwira yuko “Imana itarobanura abantu ku butoni, ariko mu mahanga yose ūyubaha, agakora ivy’ukugororoka, iramwemera.” (Ivyakozwe 10:34, 35) Nta kindi gitabu cabaye nka Bibiliya mu kurengana imbibe zifatiye ku bihugu no mu gutsinda ivy’ibara ry’urukoba n’amoko. Vy’ukuri Bibiliya ni igitabu candikiwe abantu bose!

Inkuru Zidasanzwe z’Ukuntu Yazigamwe

6, 7. Ni kuki tutotangazwa n’uko ata na kimwe mu vyandikano vya mbere kikiriho, kandi ivyo bivyura ibibazo ibihe?

⁶ Hariho iyindi mpamvu ituma Bibiliya iba iyikwiriye gutohozwa. Yararokotse intambamyi zivuye ku bidukikije n’izivuye ku bantu. Inkuru z’ukuntu yazigamwe naho yaciye mu ntambamyi zikomeye, vy’ukuri ni iyidasanzwe mu vyandiko vya kera vyose.

⁷ Biboneka yuko abanditsi ba Bibiliya banditse amajambo yabo bakoresheje wino bandika ku bipapuro vy’inkorogoto (bikozwe mu biterwa vyo muri Misiri vyitwa urupfunzo) hamwe no ku nkoba (zikoze mu nsato z’ibikoko).b (Yobu 8:11) Ariko rero, mwen’ivyo bikoresho vyo kwandikako birafise abansi mu bidukikije. Incabwenge Oscar Paret abisigura ati: “Ivyo bikoresho vyo kwandikako vyose birageramirwa n’ubutote, ifira hamwe n’ubwoko bunyuranye bw’inyo. Mu vyo twibonera buri musi, turazi ukuntu vyoroshe ko impapuro, eka nyene n’insato zikomeye, vyononekara igihe birekewe ku gahinga canke mu cumba kibomvye.” Gutyo, ntibitangaje yuko ata candikano ca mbere na mbere kikiriho; kumbure haciye igihe kirekire bisangutse. Ariko, niba ivyandikano vya mbere na mbere vyaratikijwe n’abansi bo mu bidukikije, Bibiliya yarokotse gute?

8. Ni gute ivyandikano vya Bibiliya vyazigamwe mu binjana n’ibindi?

⁸ Inyuma gato y’aho ivy’intango vyandikiwe, ivyandikurano vyandikishijwe iminwe vyaratanguye gukorwa. Nkako, ukwandikura Ivyagezwe hamwe n’ibindi bihimba vy’Ivyanditswe Vyeranda, vy’ukuri vyacitse nk’umwuga muri Isirayeli ya kera. Umuherezi Ezira nk’akarorero bivugwa yuko ‘yari umwandikuzi w’umuhanga mu vyagezwe vya Musa.’ (Ezira 7:6, 11; gereranya na Zaburi 45:1.) Mugabo, ivyandikurano vyakozwe na vyo nyene vyari ibishobora kwononekara; amaherezo vyabaye ngombwa ko bisubirizwa ibindi vyandikurano vyandikishijwe iminwe. Ico gikorwa c’ukwandikura carabandanije mu binjana n’ibindi. Kubera ko abantu ari abanyagasembwa, amakosa y’abandikuzi yoba yarahinduye igisomwa ca Bibiliya ubwaco? Ibimenyamenya ntaharirwa bivuga biti habe namba!

9. Ni gute akarorero k’Abamasoreti kerekana ubwitwararitsi bukomeye hamwe n’ukutagira amakosa vy’abandikuzi ba Bibiliya?

⁹ Abo bandikuzi ntibari abahanga cane gusa, ahubwo kandi bari bafitiye icubahiro kigera kure amajambo bandikura. Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rivuga ngo “umwandikuzi” ryerekeza ku guharura no kwandika. Nk’akarorero k’ukuntu abandikuzi ata gakosa bashiramwo, rimbura ivy’Abamasoreti, abandikuzi b’Ivyanditswe vy’Igiheburayo babayeho hagati y’ikinjana ca gatandatu n’ic’icumi G.C. Nk’uko incabwenge Thomas Hartwell Horne yabivuze, baraharura “incuro urudome rwose rwo mw iharifu [y’Igiheburayo] rwaboneka mu Vyanditswe vy’Igiheburayo vyose.” Iyumvire ico ivyo bisobanura! Kugirango birinde gukuramwo n’urudome na rumwe, abo bandikuzi b’abanyamwete ntibaharura gusa amajambo bandikura ariko baraharura n’indome nyene. Washaka, nk’uko incabwenge imwe ibivuga, bivugwa yuko bakurikirana rumwerumwe rwose mu ndome 815 140 zo mu Vyanditswe vy’Igiheburayo! Ukwo kwigora kurimwo ugushiruka umwete kwatumye hatagiramwo agakosa mu buryo buri ku rugero rwo hejuru.

10. Ni ikimenyamenya gikomeye ikihe c’uko ibisomwa vy’Igiheburayo n’ivy’Ikigiriki bikoreshwa mu buhinduzi bwa kino gihe bishikiriza amajambo y’abanditsi ba mbere mu buryo butarimwo amakosa?

¹⁰ Nkako, hariho ikimenyamenya gikomeye c’uko ibisomwa vy’Igiheburayo n’ivy’Ikigiriki ubuhinduzi bwa kino gihe bushingiyeko bishikiriza neza bitangaje amajambo y’abanditsi ba mbere. Ico kimenyamenya kigizwe n’ivyandikurano vya Bibiliya vyandikishijwe iminwe bigera ku bihumbi n’ibihumbi—bikaba ari Ivyanditswe vy’Igiheburayo vyuzuye canke ibice vyavyo biharurwa mu 6 000 hamwe n’ibindi nk’5 000 vy’Ivyanditswe vy’Ikigiriki vya Gikirisu—ivyarokotse bigashika muri iki gihe turimwo. Umwihwezo witondewe w’ukugereranya ivyandikano vy’iminwe bitari bike biriho ubu, watumye incabwenge mu vy’ibisomwa zishobora kwubura udukosa utwo ari two twose tw’abandikuzi, zirongera zirerekana igisomwa cariho mu ntango. Igihe incabwenge William H. Green yariko aravuga ivyerekeye igisomwa c’Ivyanditswe vy’Igiheburayo, yarashoboye rero kuvuga ati: “Umuntu yovuga atihenze yuko ata kindi candikano ca kera cashoboye guhanahanwa hatagiyemwo amakosa.” N’Ivyanditswe vy’Ikigiriki vya Gikirisu birashobora kwizigirwa nk’ukwo nyene.

11. Dukurikije 1 Petero 1:24, 25, ni kuki Bibiliya yarokotse igashika muri iki gihe cacu?

¹¹ Ese ukuntu Bibiliya yari kuba yaratikiye bitagoranye iyo hataba ivyandikurano vyanditswe n’iminwe vyasubiriye ivya mbere, ivyarimwo ubutumwa bw’agaciro! Hari impamvu imwe gusa yatumye birokoka—Yehova ni we yazigamye kandi akarinda Ijambo ryiwe. Nk’uko Bibiliya yo ubwayo ivyivugira muri 1 Petero 1:24, 25, “Abafise umubiri bose basa n’ivyatsi, ubgiza bgabo bgose bumeze nk’amashurwe y’ivyatsi; ivyatsi birūma, amashurwe agahunguruka, arikw ijambo ry[a Yehova] ryamah’ibihe bidashira.”

Yarashizwe mu Ndimi Zivugwa n’Abantu

12. Turetse ivy’ukwandikurwa mu binjana n’ibindi, ni intambamyi yindi iyihe Bibiliya yahanganye na yo?

¹² Kurokoka mu binjana n’ibindi Bibiliya yamaze iza irandikurwa nticari ikintu coroshe na gato, mugabo yarahanganye n’iyindi ntambamyi—na yo ni uguhindurwa mu ndimi zavugwa muri ico gihe. Bibiliya itegerezwa kuvuga ibintu mu ndimi zivugwa n’abantu kugirango ibashike ku mutuma. Ariko rero, guhindura Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi—iyigizwe n’ibigabane birenga 1 100 hamwe n’imirongo irenga 31 000—si igikorwa coroshe. Yamara, mu binjana n’ibindi abahinduzi bavyitangiye barafashe ico gikorwa kitoroshe babinezererewe, bigasa n’uko rimwerimwe baza barahangana n’intambamyi zaboneka nk’aho zitosimbwa.

13, 14. (a) Ni ingorane iyihe umuhinduzi wa Bibiliya yitwa Robert Moffat yahanganye na yo muri Afirika mu ntango y’ikinjana ca 19? (b) Abantu bavuga Igitswana bavyakiriye gute igihe Injili ya Luka yaboneka mu rurimi rwabo?

¹³ Nk’akarorero, rimbura ukuntu Bibiliya yaje guhindurwa mu ndimi zo muri Afirika. Mu mwaka w’1800, muri Afirika yose indimi zandikwa zari nka 12 gusa. Izindi ndimi amajana zavugwa nta buryo bwo kwandikwa zari zifise. Iyo ni yo ngorane yari ihanze umuhinduzi wa Bibiliya umwe yitwa Robert Moffat. Mu 1821, igihe Moffat yari afise imyaka 25, yarashinze imisiyoni mu bantu bavuga Igitswana bo muri Afirika yo mu bumanuko. Kugirango yige ururimi rwabo rutandikwa, yabanye n’abo bantu. Moffat yarakomeye kw ibanga, amaherezo aranonosora urwo rurimi, aravyutsa imero yandikwa yarwo, arongera arigisha Abatswana bamwebamwe gusoma izo ndome kandi ata gatabu ko kwiga gusoma canke inyizamvugo yifashishije. Mu 1829, Moffat amaze imyaka umunani akorana n’Abatswana, yarahejeje guhindura Injili ya Luka. Mu nyuma yavuze ati: “Ndazi abantu baje bava ku birometero amajana kugirango baronke Injili ya Mutagatifu Luka. . . . Narababonye baronka ibice vya Mutagatifu Luka, bakabiririrako, hanyuma bakabipfumbatira ku bikiriza vyabo, bagakorora amosozi y’ishimwe, gushika aho mbwira bamwe muri bo nti ‘Muhava mwononesha amosozi ibitabu vyanyu.’ ” Moffat yaravuze kandi ivy’umugabo umwe w’Umunyafirika yabonye abantu batari bake basoma Injili ya Luka hanyuma arababaza ico kintu bafise ico ari co. Bamusubije bati: “Ni ijambo ry’Imana.” Uwo mugabo abaza ati: “None riravuga?” Bavuga bati: “Egome, riravuga rigashika ku mutima.”

¹⁴ Abahinduzi bavyitangiye nka Moffat barahaye Abanyafirika batari bake akaryo ko guseruranira ivyiyumviro mu nyandiko ari bwo bwa mbere. Mugabo, abo bahinduzi barahaye abantu b’Abanyafirika ingabire y’agaciro kuruta, ari yo Bibiliya mu rurimi rwabo bwite. Vyongeye, Moffat yarinjije izina ry’Imana mu Batswana, kandi yagiye arakoresha iryo zina mu buhinduzi bwiwe bwose.c Gutyo, Abatswana bavuga ko Bibiliya ari “akanwa ka Yehova.”—Zaburi 83:18.

15. Ni kuki Bibiliya ari nzima cane muri iki gihe?

¹⁵ Abandi bahinduzi bo mu mihingo inyuranye y’isi barahanganye n’intambamyi mwen’izo nyene. Bamwebamwe mbere barahatswe kuhasiga ubuzima bwabo kugira bahindure Bibiliya mu zindi ndimi. Iyumvire ibi: Iyo Bibiliya iguma gusa mu Giheburayo no mu Kigiriki vya kera, yobaye “yarazimanganye” kuva kera, kubera ko mu nyuma izo ndimi zasa nk’izibagiwe buhere n’abanyagihugu kandi zikaba zitigeze zimenywa n’abo mu mihingo myinshi yo kw isi. Yamara, Bibiliya ni nzima cane kubera ishobora “kuganira” n’abantu bo kw isi yose mu rurimi rwabo bwite, ivyo akaba ata kindi gitabu kibigira. Ico vyavyaye ni uko ubutumwa bwayo buguma ‘bukorera mu bayizera.’ (1 Ab’i Tesalonike 2:13) Bibiliya yitwa The Jerusalem Bible ihindura ayo majambo ngo: “Iracari ububasha buzima muri mwebwe muyizera.”

Irakwiye Kwizigirwa

16, 17. (a) Kugirango Bibiliya ibe iyizigirwa, ni ibimenyamenya ibihe bikwiye kuhaba? (b) Tanga akarorero kamwe kerekana ukutarya umunwa kw’umwanditsi wa Bibiliya Musa.

¹⁶ Bamwebamwe barashobora kwibaza bati: ‘Twoba vy’ukuri dushobora kwizigira Bibiliya? Yoba ivuga abantu babayeho koko, ahantu habayeho vy’ukuri, hamwe n’ibintu vyashitse koko?’ Niba dukwiye kuyizigira, hakwiye kubaho ikimenyamenya c’uko yanditswe n’abanditsi bavyitondeye kandi bazira ubugunge. Ico kituzanye ku yindi mpamvu yo gutohoza Bibiliya: Hariho ikimenyamenya gikomeye c’uko izira amakosa n’uko yokwizigirwa.

¹⁷ Abanditsi bacisha aho ukuri kuri ntibokwandika gusa ibintu vyagenze neza, ariko bokwandika n’ibintu vyagenze nabi, ntibandike gusa ivyo umuntu akomeyemwo, ariko bakandika n’ivyo agoyagoyamwo. Abanditsi ba Bibiliya baragaragaje ukutarya umunwa nk’ukwo kweza umutima. Nk’akarorero, rimbura ukudakikiriza kwa Musa. Mu bintu yavuze atarya umunwa harimwo ivy’uko atari yorohewe no kuvuga, we akaba yabona ko ivyo vyotuma ataba uwukwiriye kuba indongozi ya Isirayeli (Kuvayo 4:10); ikosa rikomeye yakoze ryamubujije kwinjira mu Gihugu c’Isezerano (Guharūra 20:9-12; 27:12-14); uguta inzira kw’umuvukanyi wiwe Aroni yafashanije n’Abisirayeli b’abagumutsi mu guhingura igishushanyo c’imasa y’inzahabu (Kuvayo 32:1-6); ukugumuka kwa mushikiwe Miriyamu hamwe n’igihano yahawe gicisha bugufi (Guharūra 12:1-3, 10); ukutubaha ibintu vyeranda kwa bishwabe Nadabu na Abihu (Abalewi 10:1, 2); hamwe n’ukwidoga n’ukwidodomba akatari gake kw’abantu b’Imana ubwayo. (Kuvayo 14:11, 12; Guharūra 14:1-10) Ukwo kubara inkuru ata gukikiriza canke guhisha ntikwerekana none ukwitwararika ukuri ata buryarya? Kubera ko abanditsi ba Bibiliya bemera n’umutima ukunze gushikiriza amakuru adashimishije yerekeye abo bakunda, igisata cabo, eka mbere n’ayaberekeye bo ubwabo, wumva none habuze impamvu iboneka yotuma twizigira ivyo banditse?

18. Ni igiki cemeza yuko ivyanditswe n’abagabo banditse Bibiliya ari ivyo kwizigirwa?

¹⁸ Ukuvuga ibihuye kw’abo bagabo banditse Bibiliya na kwo nyene kuremeza ko ivyo banditse ari ivyokwizigirwa. Birashimishije vy’ukuri kubona abagabo 40 bandika ibintu mu kiringo c’imyaka 1 600 bakavuga rumwe, no mu tuntu dutoduto. Ariko rero, ukwo guhuza ntigutunganijwe bimwe vyitondewe ku buryo kwotuma twikeka ko bavyumvikanyeko. Ahubwo, biraboneka ko ku tuntu dutoduto tutari tumwe batahuje babishaka; kenshi biboneka yuko ukwo guhuza kwatubiranye.

19. Ni gute inkuru zo mu Njili zivuga ivy’ugufatwa kwa Yezu zihishura ukuvuga rumwe kuboneka ko kutagizwe babishaka?

¹⁹ Fatira akarorero ku kintu cabaye mw ijoro Yezu yafatiwemwo. Abanditsi b’Injili bose uko ari bane banditse yuko umwe mu bigishwa yasokoroye inkota ayikubita umushumba w’umuherezi mukuru, akamuca ugutwi. Ariko rero, Luka wenyene ni we atubwira yuko Yezu “[yakoze] ku gutwi kwiwe, aramukiza.” (Luka 22:51) Ariko none ivyo si vyo twokwitega ku mwanditsi yari azwi nk’ “umuganga akundwa”? (Ab’i Kolosayi 4:14) Inkuru ya Yohani itubwira yuko mu bigishwa bose bari bahari, uwakoresheje inkota yari Petero—kikaba ari ikintu kidatangaje uravye agatima Petero yari afise ko kujaniranya no guhoganya. (Yohana 18:10; gereranya na Matayo 16:22, 23 na Yohana 21:7, 8.) Yohani arashikiriza ikindi kintu gisa n’ikidakenewe: “Uwo [mushumba] yitwa Malikusi.” Ni kuki Yohani wenyene ari we avuze izina ry’uwo mugabo? Insobanuro iratangwa n’ikintu gito cavuzwe bucishwemwo mu nkuru ya Yohani honyene: Yohani “yar’azinanyi n’umuherezi mukuru.” Yari azwi kandi n’abo mu nzu y’uwo muherezi mukuru; abakozi baho yari abazi na bo bamuzi.d (Yohana 18:10, 15, 16) Ni ibisanzwe rero kubona Yohani acishamwo izina ry’uwo mugabo yakomerekejwe, mu gihe abandi banditsi b’Injili batabigize, bikaba biboneka ko batari bamuzi. Uguhuza kw’ivyo bintu bitobito ni ukwibonekeje, naho biboneka neza ko batari babishatse. Hariho utundi turorero injojo dusa n’utwo muri Bibiliya yose.

20. Ni igiki abantu bafise umutima uzira ubugunge bakeneye kumenya ku vyerekeye Bibiliya?

²⁰ None, twoshobora kwizigira Bibiliya? Cane nyene! Ukutarya umunwa kw’abanditsi ba Bibiliya hamwe n’ukuvuga ibihuje kuri muri yo, birashimika ku vy’uko ivyo ivuga ari ukuri. Abantu b’imitima nzirabugunge barakeneye kumenya yuko bashobora kwizigira Bibiliya, kubera yuko ari Ijambo ryahumetswe rya “[Yehova], we Mana y’ukuri.” (Zaburi 31:5) Hariho izindi mpamvu ziyongereye zerekana ko Bibiliya ari igitabu candikiwe abantu bose, nkuko ikiganiro gikurikira kiza kubivuga.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

Wokwishura Gute?

◻ Ni kuki twokwitega yuko Bibiliya iba igitabu kirusha ibindi vyose kuronkeka kw isi?

◻ Ni ikimenyamenya ikihe kiriho c’uko Bibiliya yazigamwe ata makosa?

◻ Ni intambamyi izihe abahinduzi ba Bibiliya bahanganye na zo?

◻ Ni igiki cemeza yuko ivyanditswe muri Bibiliya ari ivyo kwizigirwa?