Ni nde yatanguye kubishiraho?

Muri iyi myaka ya vuba, abanyasiyansi be n’abahingura ibintu baremeye ibiterwa be n’ibikoko birabigisha nya kubigisha. (Yobu 12:7, 8) Muri iki gihe, baragira ubushakashatsi ku vyaremwe bitandukanye bakongera bakigana ibintu bibiranga, ivyo bakabigira kugira ngo bahingure ibintu bishasha bongere baryohore ibiba bisanzwe vyarahinguwe. Uko urimbura uburorero bukurikira, uraza uribaza uti: ‘Ni nde mu vy’ukuri akwiye guterwa iteka ku bw’ivyo bintu?’

Ivyo bokwigira ku vyubi vy’igifi c’ikimizi

Ni ibiki abahinguzi b’indege bashobora kwigira ku gifi c’ikimizi bita baleine à bosse? Bisa n’uko bocigirako vyinshi cane. Ico gifi, iyo gikuze gipima amatoni nka 30, ni ukuvuga uburemere bungana n’ubw’ikamyo yuzuye no ku bunwa, kikaba kandi gifise umubiri usa n’uwugumaraye be n’ivyubi bininibinini bimeze nk’amababa. Ico gikoko c’uburebure bw’imetero 12 usanga kibangutse bimwe bitangaje igihe kiba kiriko kiriyunguruza mu mazi.

Ikintu canecane catangaje abashakashatsi ni ukuntu ico kiremwa gifise umubiri ugumaraye gishobora gukata amakorosi agoye cane kibigiranye ububangutsi bwinshi. Basanze ukuntu ivyubi vyaco bimeze ari co kintu gituma ivyo bishoboka. Ku vyubi vyaco vy’imbere ntiharinganiye nka kurya bimeze ku mababa y’indege, ahubwo riho usanga hameze nka kurya kw’umusumeno.

Igihe ico gifi kiba kiriko kiriyunguruza mu mazi kimera nk’ikiyakata, ivyo vyubi vyaco vy’imbere biratuma kirusha inguvu amazi. Uti gute? Ikinyamakuru kimwe (Natural History) gisigura yuko ibintu bimeze nk’amenyo y’umusumeno biri ku cubi c’ico gifi bituma amazi ico cubi gisunika aca yihuta cane, akagenda amera nk’ayagira umuzingi. Ukwo ni ko bigenda n’igihe mbere kiba kiriko kiroga kiduga hejuru y’amazi.¹⁰

None ivyo bintu bubuye bishobora kuba ngirakamaro mu biki? Hamwe abantu bogerageza guhingura amababa y’indege bisunze ukwo kuntu ivyubi vy’ico gifi bimeze, biboneka ko bokenera gusa gukoresha igitigiri gitoyi c’ivyuma bitandukanye basanzwe bashira ku mababa y’indege kugira ngo biyifashe kugabanya inguvu z’umuyaga. Indege zoba zifise mwene ayo mababa zorushiriza kwizigirwa kandi kuzibungabunga bikarushiriza kworoha. Uwitwa John Long, uno akaba ari umuhinga mu vyo guhingura ibintu afatiye ku vyaremwe, avuga ko vuba “indege zose tuzobona zizoba zifise amababa ahinguwe hisunzwe ukuntu ivyubi vy’ico gifi bimeze.”¹¹

Kwigana amababa y’inyoni yitwa inguriguri

Ni ivy’ukuri yuko amababa y’indege ahingurwa hisunzwe ukuntu amababa y’inyoni ameze. Ariko rero, abahinga baherutse kugira ivyo baryohoye mu bijanye n’ukwo guhingura amababa y’indege bafatiye ku mababa y’inyoni. Ikinyamakuru kimwe (New Scientist) kivuga giti: “Abashakashatsi bo kuri Kaminuza y’i Floride barahinguye akadege kadakenera umudereva, kano kakaba gashobora guhagarara mu kirere, gushunguruka buravyo no guca kaduga bwampi mu kirere, nka kurya kw’inguriguri.”¹²

Inguriguri zigirira ivyo bintu bitangaje cane mu kirere mu kuza zirazinga zongere zizingurura amababa yazo. Ikinyamakuru kimwe kivuga yuko mu kwigana ukwo kuntu amababa y’iyo nyoni ameze, hahinguwe “akadege k’uburebure bwa santimetero 60 gafise akamoteri gatoyi gatuma utwuma dutambitse tuyobora ayo mababa.” Ayo mababa yahinguwe mu buryo buhanitse aratuma ako kadege gashobora guhagarara hagati y’inyubakwa ndende z’amagorofa canke kagashunguruka gaca hagati yazo. Inzego zimwezimwe za gisirikare zirashashaye guhingura indege karuhariwe imeze nk’ako kadege yokoreshwa mu kurondera mu bisagara bininibinini ahari ibirwanisho vy’ubumara be n’ibirimwo imigera.

Kwigana amaguru y’inguriguri

Inguriguri ntikonja naho yoba ihagaze ku kibarafu. None bigenda gute ngo iyo nyoni igume isusurutse? Kimwe mu bituma ivyo bishoboka ni ikintu gitangaje cane dusanga mu bikoko bitari bike biba mu turere dukanye, ico na co kikaba ari ikijanye n’ukuziganya ubushuhe mu mubiri.

Uti none ubwo bushuhe buziganywa gute? Kugira ngo ubitahure, niwihe ishusho imiringoti ibiri y’amazi ibohewe hamwe. Umuringoti umwe ucamwo amazi ashushe, uwundi na wo ugacamwo ayakanye. Mu gihe ayo mazi ashushe be n’ayo akanye yoca muri iyo miringoti yerekeje inzira imwe, hafi ica kabiri c’ubushuhe bwa ya mazi ashushe coca cimukira muri amwe akanye. Mu gihe na ho ayo mazi ashushe be n’ayo akanye yoca muri iyo miringoti yerekeje inzira zihushanye, ubushuhe nka bwose bwa ya mazi ashushe bwoca bwimukira muri amwe ayakanye.

Igihe inguriguri iba ihagaze ku kibarafu, ubuhinga bwo kuziganya ubushuhe bubera mu maguru yayo buratuma amaraso akanye aba avuye mu maguru yayo ashuha, igihe aba ariko aduga asubira mu bindi bihimba vy’umubiri wayo. Ubwo buhinga buratuma iyo nyoni iguma isusurutse, bukanatuma amaguru yayo agumana ubushuhe. Uwitwa Arthur P. Fraas, uno akaba ari umuhinga mu vyo guhingura indege, yavuze ko ubwo buhinga ari “bwo buryo bwo kuziganya ubushuhe bwiza cane kuruta ubundi bwose kw’isi.”¹³ Ubwo buhinga burahanitse cane ku buryo n’abahinga babwisunga mu vyo bakora.

Ni nde none akwiye guterwa iteka?

Muri iki gihe, urwego ruraba ibijanye n’ikirere rwitwa NASA rwo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ruriko rurahingura ikimashini c’ikirobo c’amaguru menshi kigendagenda nk’akamina; abahinga bo muri Finilande na bo baramaze guhingura ikimashini c’amaguru atandatu gishobora kwurira ibintu vyokizibira, nka kurya kw’ikimonyo. Abandi bashakashatsi barahinguye impuzu ifise utuntu tumeze nk’utugaragamba bafatiye ku kuntu imishishi y’imbuto z’igiti co mu bwoko bw’ipinusi iza iriyugurura ikongera ikiyugara. Iyo mpuzu iratuma uwuyambaye agira ubushuhe canke ubukanye biri ku rugero rubereye. Hari ihinguriro ry’imiduga ririko rirakora imiduga rifatiye ku mero itangaje y’ifi imwe imeze nk’agasandugu yitwa poisson coffre, iyo mero ikaba ari yo ituma iyo fi yoroherwa no kwiyunguruza mu mazi. Hari n’abandi bashakashatsi bariko bagerageza gusuzuma ibintu bituma inzu y’igifyera co mu mazi citwa ormeau idashoka imeneka, ivyo bakaba babigira bafise intumbero yo guhingura udukoti tudatoborwa n’amasasu, duhwahutse ariko dukomeye cane.

Ibidukikije vyaratumye abashakashatsi baronka ivyiyumviro vyiza umuyoro ku buryo ubu bamaze kwegeranya amakuru y’ishimikiro arimwo urutonde rw’ibintu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi vyerekeye ibinyabuzima. Ikinyamakuru kimwe (The Economist) kivuga yuko abanyasiyansi bashobora kwisunga ayo makuru kugira ngo batorere umuti “ingorane bahura na zo mu vyo bahingura bafatiye ku binyabuzima vyo mu bidukikije.” Urutonde rw’ibintu vyerekeye ibinyabuzima bivugwa muri ayo makuru, vyiswe ko ari uburenganzira ibinyabuzima bifise bwo kutiganwa. Mu bisanzwe, ishirahamwe canke umuntu amenyesha imbere y’amategeko iciyumviro gishasha yashitseko canke icuma gishasha yahinguye, ni we aronswa uburenganzira bubuza abandi kwigana ivyo yashitseko. Mu kugira ico kivuze kuri ya makuru yerekeye uburenganzira ibinyabuzima bifise bwo kutiganwa, ca kinyamakuru (The Economist) kigira giti: “Ukuba abashakashatsi bafata ibintu bihanitse bashikako barabiye ku binyabuzima bakavuga ko ngo ari ‘uburenganzira ibinyabuzima bifise bwo kutiganwa’, mu vy’ukuri nta kindi baba bakoze atari ugushimika ku vy’uko ivyo binyabuzima nyene ari vyo bifise uburenganzira bwo kutiganwa.”¹⁴

None vyagenze gute ngo ibidukikije birangwemwo ivyo vyiyumviro vyose bitangaje ukuraho? Abashakashatsi benshi bavuga ko ibintu vyo mu bidukikije bisa n’ibihanitse, vyabonetse mu kuza harabaho iki na kiriya biciye kw’ihindagurika ryabaye mu kiringo c’imyaka amamiliyoni. Ariko rero, abandi bashakashatsi bashikiriza iciyumviro gitandukanye n’ico. Mu kinyamakuru kimwe (The New York Times) co ku wa 7 Ruhuhuma 2005, uwitwa Michael J. Behe, uno akaba ari umuhinga mu vyerekeye utunyabuzima dutoduto, yanditse ati: “Ubuhinga bwibonekeza bimwe bikomeye mu [bidukikuje] butuma umuntu ashika kuri uku kuri gusanzwe yamara kujijura: ‘Akuzuye ntikamurikwa.’” None aho yashaka kwerekana iki? Avuga ati: “Ukuba ikintu kinaka cibonekeza ntibikwiye guca bituma umuntu afatira mu rwara ivy’uko hariho uwagishizeho.”¹⁵

Umuhinga ahinguye amababa y’indege bigatuma irushiriza kwizigirwa no kuba ngirakamaro, nta gukeka ko akwiye guterwa iteka kubera ico kintu aba yahinguye. Umuntu yiyumviriye uburyo bushasha bwo guhingura impuzu irushirije kuba iyibereye canke umuduga urushirije kuba kirumara, na we nyene arakwiye guterwa iteka kubera ico kintu aba yahinguye. Tuvugishije ukuri, umuntu yohingura ikintu afatiye ku cahinguwe n’uwundi muntu, yamara ntatere iteka uwo yagihinguye ubwa mbere, yobonwa ko ari inkozi y’ikibi.

Ubu na ho, reka tuzirikane kuri ibi bintu: Abashakashatsi karuhariwe usanga bahingura ibintu uko bishakiye, bafatiye ku binyabuzima biri mu bidukikije kugira ngo batorere umuti ingorane ziba zibahanze mu bijanye no guhingura ibintu. Ariko, bamwebamwe muri bo usanga bavuga yuko ivyo bintu bihanitse bisunga mu kugira ivyo bahinguye, vyabayeho biciye kw’ihindagurika ryapfuye kwiyadukiza. None wewe wumva ivyo vyumvikana? Niba mu guhingura ikintu kinaka hisunzwe ikiba gisanzwe kiriho bisaba ko haboneka umuhinguzi w’umunyabwenge, none ico afatirako coco vyagenze gute ngo kibeho? Ni nde none mu vy’ukuri yoterwa iteka kuruta uwundi? Yoba ari uwagihinguye ubwa mbere canke ni uwo amwigana?

Insozero yumvikana

Abantu benshi, bamaze kwihweza ibimenyamenya vyerekana ko ivyo mu bidukikije hariho uwabishizeho, baca bumva bamerewe nk’ukwo umwanditsi umwe wa Bibiliya yitwa Paulo yumvise amerewe, igihe yavuga ati: ‘Kamere zitaboneka [z’Imana] zibonwa neza uhereye kw’iremwa ry’isi, kubera ko zitahurirwa ku bintu vyaremwe, ni zo bubasha bwayo bw’ibihe bidahera n’Ubumana bwayo.’—Abaroma 1:19, 20.