KAHISE KATWIGISHA IKI?

Galilée

Hagati y’ikinjana ca 14 n’ica 16, abahinga n’abafilozofe b’Abanyaburaya baratanguye gutahura ibiri mu kirere mu buryo bwari butandukanye n’ivyo Ekleziya Gatolika yigisha ico gihe. Umwe muri bo yari Galileo Galilei, ari we Galilée.

IMBERE ya Galilée, abantu benshi biyumvira yuko izuba, imibumbe n’inyenyeri bizunguruka isi. Ico ciyumviro cari no mu nyigisho zemewe za Ekleziya Gatolika.

Ariko rero, Galilée akoresheje icuma ciwe gifasha kuraba inyenyeri, yarabonye ibimenyamenya bihinyuza inyigisho abahinga benshi b’ico gihe bemera. Nk’akarorero, yarabonye ibirabagu ku zuba vyasa n’ivyimukanga, aca atahura ko izuba rizunguruka. Ivyiyumviro yashitseko vyatumye abantu batahura rwose ibiri mu kirere, yamara vyaramuteranije na Ekleziya.

EKLEZIYA IRWANYA IVYIYUMVIRO VYIWE

Imyaka mirongo imbere y’aho, umuhinga mu vy’imibumbe wo muri Polonye yitwa Nicolas Copernic yarashikirije iciyumviro kivuga yuko isi izunguruka izuba. Galilée yaratohoje ivyo Copernic yashitseko ku bijanye n’ingene ibisyo vyo mu kirere bizunguruka, maze aregeranya ibimenyamenya vyerekana ko isi izunguruka izuba. Mu ntango Galilée yaragonanwe gushikiriza bimwebimwe mu vyo yari yatohoje, kubera yatinya ko bohava babigaya bakabitwenga. Ariko vyaranse ko yigumizamwo ivyo yari yabonye muri ca cuma ciwe, arahava arabisohora. Abahinga bamwebamwe bararwanije ivyiyumviro vyiwe, abakuru ba Ekleziya na bo batangura kumuvuga nabi mu masengero.

Mu 1616, Karidinali Bellarmin, “umuhinga akomeye mu vya tewolojiya w’ico gihe,” yaramenyesheje Galilée ingingo Ekleziya yari iherutse gufata yarwanya ivyiyumviro vya Copernic. Yarasavye Galilée ashimitse ngo yubahirize iyo ngingo, maze Galilée amara imyaka adasubiye kuvugira ku mugaragaro yuko isi izunguruka izuba.

Mu 1623, Pāpa Urbain w’umunani, umugenzi wa Galilée, yaragenywe. Mu 1624, Galilée yaciye asaba uwo mupāpa ngo afute iyo ngingo Ekleziya yari yarafashe. Ariko aho kuyifuta, yasavye Galilée ngo yerekane ingene ivyiyumviro vya Copernic n’ivya Aristote bitandukanye, ariko ntagire aho ahengamiye.

Galilée yaciye yandika igitabu (Dialogue on the Great World Systems). Naho pāpa yari yamusavye kutagira aho ahengamiye, ico gitabu yanditse cahengamiye ku vyiyumviro vya Copernic. Abansi ba Galilée ntibatevye kuvuga yuko ico gitabu gisuzuguza pāpa. Bamwagirije ngo azanye inyigisho zirwanya Ekleziya, bamutera ubwoba bamubwira ko bamusinzikariza ubuzima yanse kwihakana inyigisho za Copernic, aca aragondozwa. Mu 1633, Sentare ya Gatolika y’i Roma yamuciriye gupfungwa ic’amaso ubuzima bwiwe bwose, n’ibitabu vyiwe birabuzwa. Galilée yapfiriye iwe i Arcetri hafi y’i Florence, ku wa 8 Nzero 1642.

Pāpa Yohani Paulo wa kabiri yaremeye icese ko Ekleziya Gatolika yaciriye Galilée urubanza rutari rwo

Bimwe mu bitabu Galilée yanditse vyaramaze imyaka amajana biri mu rutonde rw’ibitabu abagatolika batemerewe gusoma. Mugabo mu 1979, Ekleziya yarasubiye kwihweza urubanza iyo sentare yayo yaciye, hakaba hari haciye imyaka 300. Amaherezo, mu 1992 Pāpa Yohani Paulo wa kabiri yaremeye icese ko Ekleziya Gatolika yaciriye Galilée urubanza rutari rwo.

Sentare ya Gatolika yoba yarasinzikarije ubuzima Galilée?

Hari abahinga mu vya kahise bavuga yuko iyo sentare ishobora kuba yaramusinzikarije ubuzima. Urubanza yasomewe rwavuga ko vyabaye ngombwa ko Galilée “asambishwa bimwe bikomeye” kugira bamenye neza ico yashaka gushikako. Mu mvugo y’abasambisha abantu, ayo majambo kenshi yasobanura “ugusinzikariza umuntu ubuzima.” Ivyo bisobanura ko umuntu ashobora kuba n’imiburiburi “yaragirwako iterabwoba ryo gusinzikarizwa ubuzima.”

Abahinga bavuga yuko ico gihe abantu basinzikarizwa ubuzima mu buryo butandukanye. Nk’akarorero, umuntu barashobora kumwereka gusa ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusinzikariza abantu ubuzima, canke bakamukura impuzu zose canke bakamuboha, canke mbere bakamugirira nabi ku mubiri bagenda bongereza ububabare. Nta wuzi neza ingene Galilée ‘yasambishijwe bimwe bikomeye.’