Bibiliya—Igitabu c’ubuhanuzi bw’ukuri—Igice ca 5
Inkuru nziza ku bantu bose
Uru rukurikirane rw’ibiganiro umunani vyo muri “Be maso!” rurihweza umuce uhambaye wa Bibiliya, ni ukuvuga ubuhanuzi bwo muri yo canke ivyo yari yaravuze ko bizoba. Ibi biganiro bizokuronsa inyishu z’ibi bibazo: Ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya bwoba ari ibintu gusa abantu b’incabwenge biremaremeye? Hoba hari icotuma twemera ko bwahumetswe n’Imana? Niwirabire ibimenyamenya.
UBUTUMWA Imana ishaka ko abantu bumva buri muri Bibiliya, kandi ubwo butumwa ni inkuru nziza. Ni co gituma Yezu Kristu yakoresheje ubuzima bwiwe mu gutangaza “inkuru nziza y’ubwami.” (Luka 4:43) Bibiliya ivuga yuko ubwo Bwami ari intwaro y’Imana be n’uko buzokuraho agahahazo k’intwaro z’abantu, butume kw’isi haba amahoro, bwongere burandurane n’imizi ibintu vyose bituma abantu bashikirwa n’imibabaro. (Daniyeli 2:44; Matayo 6:9, 10) None iyo si inkuru nziza ga yemwe?
Birumvikana yuko vyobaye bibereye ko inkuru nziza nk’iyo ikwiragizwa ku rugero runini cane bishoboka. Ariko igihe Yezu yicwa, yasize igitigiri gitoyi gusa c’abayoboke biwe. None ubwo butumwa yashikiriza bwoba bwari guca bujana na we? Bibiliya yavuze ko hobaye igihushane c’ivyo. Yavuze ibikurikira: (1) Inkuru nziza yokwiragijwe kw’isi yose. (2) Yorwanijwe bimwe bikomeye. (3) Hokwadutse abakirisu b’ikinyoma, ni ukuvuga abiyita abakirisu, kandi bozimije abantu benshi. Reka turimbure ubwo buhanuzi.
Inkuru nziza yo kubwira amahanga yose
Ubuhanuzi: “Mu mahanga yose inkuru nziza itegerezwa kubanza kwamamazwa.” (Mariko 13:10) “Muzombera ivyabona i Yeruzalemu n’i Yudaya hose n’i Samariya, no gushika mu karere ka kure rwose k’isi.”—Ivyakozwe 1:8.
Iranguka: Haciye igihe gito Yezu apfuye mu 33 G.C. (G.C. bisobanura “mu Gihe Cacu”), abigishwa biwe barujuje Yeruzalemu ubutumwa bw’Ubwami. Barakwiragiye i Yudaya hose be no hafi yaho i Samariya, kandi mu myaka 15 yakurikiye abamisiyonari b’abakirisu bari bamaze kurungikwa mu yindi mihingo y’Inganji y’Uburoma. Mu mwaka wa 61 G.C., vyarashobora kuvugwa ko inkuru nziza yari imaze kwamamazwa mu turere twinshi twa “kure” tw’isi.
Ivyo kahise kerekana:
● Ivyandikano bidashingiye kuri Bibiliya vyo mu kinjana ca kabiri biremeza yuko ubukirisu bwo mu ntango bwakwiragiye ningoga na ningoga. Umutohozakahise w’Umuroma yitwa Suétone yerekanye yuko i Roma hatanguye kuboneka abakirisu kuva mu 49 G.C. Mw’ikete rimwe Umwami w’abami Trajan yandikiwe na Pline le Jeune buramatari w’i Bitiniya (muri kino gihe akaba ari muri Tirkiya) nko mu mwaka wa 112 G.C., ubukirisu buvugwa ko ari “akaranda” kari kamaze “gukwiragira, atari gusa mu bisagara vyigenga, ariko no mu bigwati be no mu mihana y’abirimizi.” Inyuma y’aho umutohozakahise umwe amariye gusuzuma ibimenyamenya, yavuze ati: “Mu myaka idashika ijana inyuma y’igihe c’intumwa, ibibanza abakirisu basengeramwo vyaraboneka mu bisagara bikurubikuru vy’iyo Nganji.”
● Mu gitabu Ishengero ryo mu ntango (mu congereza), umuhinga Henry Chadwick yavuze ati: “Ubukirisu bwakwiragiye biturutse ku bintu vyinshi vyasa n’ibitoshobotse vyagiye biraba. Mu bisanzwe, nta wari kwitega ko ubukirisu bwoshoboye gukwiragira kuri urwo rugero.”
Inkuru nziza irwanywa
Ubuhanuzi: “Bazobashengeza mu masentare, kandi muzokubitirwa mu masinagogi mwongere muhagarikwe imbere ya ba buramatari n’abami babampora, kugira bibe intahe kuri bo.”—Mariko 13:9.
Iranguka: Abakirisu barahamwe n’Abayuda be n’Abaroma. Barafashwe, barapfungwa, barakubitwa, no kwicwa baricwa.
Ivyo kahise kerekana:
● Umutohozakahise w’Umuyuda yitwa Flavius Josèphe yaranditse mu kinjana ca mbere ibijanye n’ingene Yakobo mwene wabo na Yezu yishwe n’indongozi z’idini ry’Abayuda. Bibiliya ivuga ko Gamaliyeli, uwari mu bagize sentare nkuru y’Abayuda kandi yubahwa cane, yahanuye bagenziwe ko bokwiyubara mu bijanye n’abigishwa ba Yezu igihe bano bari bashizwe imbere y’intahe. (Ivyakozwe 5:34-39) Ibitabu vyanditswe n’abahinga biremeza yuko Gamaliyeli yabayeho, bikavuga n’uko yari umuntu yiyubara.
● Abatohozakahise bavuga yuko kuva ku Mwami w’abami Nero mu 64 G.C., abami b’abami b’Uburoma bahamye abakirisu akatari gake. Mu makete Umwami w’abami Trajan yandikiraniye na Pline le Jeune haravugwa ivyerekeye ibihano vyari guhabwa abakirisu batari kwemera kwihakana ukwizera kwabo.
● Wa muhinga Chadwick avuga yuko “uruhamo, aho gutuma ishengero ry’abakirisu rikorera mu kinyegero, rwatumye bigenda ukundi.” Igihe abakirisu bahunga kugira ntibagirirwe nabi, bagiye bajanye ubwo butumwa mu turere dushasha bahungiyemwo. (Ivyakozwe 8:1) Naho incuti n’abagenzi babakumira, baguma bumiye kw’ibanga. Ivyo biratangaje kuko abayoboke ba Yezu bari abantu “batize kandi basanzwe” ata bubasha bari bafise mu vya politike. (Ivyakozwe 4:13) Abatohozakahise barahuriza ku ciyumviro c’uko “mu badandaza batobato no mu banyamyuga ari ho Injili yakwiragira ningoga bitagoranye.”
Inyuma y’aho incabwenge zisuzumiye ivyo bintu vyabaye, zaratangajwe n’ukuntu abo bantu bakengeretse kandi bakeyi bashoboye gukwiragiza ubukirisu ningoga na ningoga kandi bariko bararwanywa bimwe bikomeye. Ariko Yezu wewe yari yaravuze ivyerekeye ivyo bintu ata wari kwitega ko vyoshitse, abivuga imbere y’uko bishika. Vyongeye, Bibiliya yaravuze imbere y’igihe yuko igikorwa co kwamamaza coburabujwe.
Hokwadutse abakirisu b’ikinyoma
Ubuhanuzi: “Amabingira y’agahahazo azokwinjira muri mwebwe kandi ntazofatana ikibabarwe ubusho, kandi muri mwebwe ubwanyu hazohaguruka abagabo bavuge ibigoramanze kugira ngo bakwegere abigishwa inyuma yabo.” (Ivyakozwe 20:29, 30) “Kandi hazobaho abigisha b’ikinyoma muri mwebwe. Abo nyene bazokwinjiza mu mpisho imice isambura . . . , kandi inzira y’ukuri izotukwa kubera bo.”—2 Petero 2:1, 2.
Iranguka: Ishengero rya gikirisu ryaratosekajwe n’abantu b’inkazi, buzuye uruhendo kandi bironderera kuba abahambaye.
Ivyo kahise kerekana:
● Inyuma y’urupfu rw’abayoboke ba Yezu bo mu ntango, ni ho canecane ubukirisu bw’ukuri bwatangura kugenda burononwa n’abagabo bakomakomeye badutse hagati mw’ishengero maze baratitura inyigisho za gikirisu bisunze ivyiyumviro vy’amafilozofiya y’Abagiriki. Bidatevye, haciye havuka akagwi k’abakuru b’idini mu nyuma gatangura kugira ububasha n’ubutunzi nk’abategetsi b’ivya politike. Abatohozakahise bavuga yuko igihe vyashingwa ko idini ryitwa ko ari irya gikirisu ricika idini rya Leta y’Uburoma, ishengero rya gikirisu ryo mu kinjana ca mbere ryari ryarazimanganye, ata n’igitutu caryo kigisigaye.
● Mu binjana n’ibindi, ubwo bukirisu bwatitutse bwarakoze ibintu bitari bike biranga ubukazi n’umwina. Ka kagwi k’abakuru b’idini aho kwerekana ko ari abayoboke ba Yezu, karahamye abakurikiza uburyo Yezu yakoresha mu kwamamaza be n’abagerageza gusohora Bibiliya mu ndimi abanyagihugu bumva.
Mu binjana ubukirisu bw’ikinyoma bwamaze bufise ububasha bukomeye, inkuru nziza yasa n’iyanigiwe mu menshi. Ariko rero, Yezu yari yaravuze yuko mu misi ya nyuma inkuru nziza yosubiye kuvyuka. Ico kiringo yagisanishije n’igihe c’iyimbura aho abakirisu b’ikinyoma, abagereranywa n’icatsi kibi, botandukanijwe n’abakirisu b’ukuri, abagereranywa n’ingano. (Matayo 13:24-30, 36-43) Muri ico gihe ni ho bwa buhanuzi bwerekeye ukwamamaza inkuru nziza bworangutse bimwe bikomeye kuruta ikindi gihe ico ari co cose. (Matayo 24:14) Mu gice gikurikira, tuzorimbura ubwo buhanuzi buteye akamwemwe.
[Igicapo/Ikarata ku rup. 15]
(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba ico kinyamakuru)
Nko mu mwaka wa 61 G.C., abantu bo mu mihingo myinshi bari bamaze kwumva ubutumwa bw’Ubwami
Inganji y’Uburoma
ESPANYE
UBUTALIYANO
Roma
Malita
MAKEDONIYA
UBUGIRIKI
Kirete
AZIYA NTOYA
Shipure
MEZOPOTAMIYA
SAMARIYA
YUDAYA
Yeruzalemu
MISIRI
LIBIYA
IKIYAGA MEDITERANE
Uturere inkuru nziza yashitsemwo mu kinjana ca mbere
YUDAYA
Yeruzalemu
AZIYA NTOYA
Shipure
MAKEDONIYA
UBUGIRIKI
Kirete
UBUTALIYANO
Roma
Malita
SAMARIYA
MEZOPOTAMIYA
ELAMU
UBUMEDI
PARITIYA
ARABIYA
LIBIYA
MISIRI
ETIYOPIYA
[Ifoto ku rup. 14]
Abami b’abami b’Uburoma, ari bo Nero (uwo yerekanywe ng’aho iburyo), Domitien, Marc Aurèle, na Dioclétien barahamye bimwe bikomeye abakirisu bo mu ntango
[Abo dukesha ifoto]
Ifoto dukesha British Museum