Opaleshoni Yopanda Kuika Magazi—Mapindu Ake Adziŵika

MU 1996 bungwe la Royal College of Surgeons of England linafalitsa kabuku kakuti Code of Practice for the Surgical Management of Jehovah’s Witnesses. M’kabuku kameneko madokotala anati: “Kuipa kwa kuika munthu magazi kukufuna kuti tilingalire njira zina pamene zili zotheka.”

AHA NEWS, yofalitsidwa ndi bungwe la American Hospital Association, inasimbanso za chifukwa chimene mapindu a opaleshoni yopanda kuika magazi adziŵikira. “Zimene zinayamba monga chikhulupiriro chachipembedzo nzimene madokotala akufuna ndipo zikukhala njira yotsogola,” magaziniyo ya mlungu ndi mlungu inatero. “Chifukwa cha ziphunzitso za Mboni za Yehova, mankhwala ndi opaleshoni yopanda magazi zikufalikira kuchoka pa anthu auzimu kuloŵa m’zipinda za opaleshoni m’dziko lonse lino.”

Nkhani yonena za chifukwa chimene madokotala akulimbikitsira kupanga opaleshoni popanda kuika munthu magazi inali m’mphatika ya magazini ya Time kumapeto kwa 1997. Nkhaniyo inati: “Kuopa AIDS kwangokhala chifukwa china.” Nkhaniyo makamaka inasimba za ntchito imene ikuchitika pa Englewood Hospital’s New Jersey Institute for the Advancement of Bloodless Medicine and Surgery, ku Englewood, New Jersey.

Time inati: “Insitichuti imeneyi ndiyo ili patsogolo mwa ena 50 mu [United States] amene tsopano akupanga opaleshoni popanda kuika munthu magazi. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito magazi a munthu wina aliyense, amapanga maopaleshoni osiyanasiyana amene mwachizoloŵezi akanafuna kuika munthu magazi, limodzinso ndi njira zina zimene zimachepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa magazi, kapena zoletseratu magazi kutayika.”

Imagwira Ntchito Komanso Ili Bwino

Magazini ya Time inayamba ndi nkhani ya Henry Jackson, amene anali kukha magazi kwambiri mkati mwa thupi lake ndipo anataya 90 peresenti ya magazi ake. Hemoglobin yake inatsika kwambiri kufika pamlingo wa magiramu 1.7 pa deciliter, zimene zinali zangozi. Jackson anapita naye kuchipatala cha Englewood Hospital kuchokera kuchipatala china ku New Jersey komweko, chimene chinakana kumsamalira popanda kumuika magazi.

Atafika kuchipatala cha Englewood, Dr. Aryeh Shander anapatsa Jackson “mankhwala amphamvu owonjezera ayironi ndi mavitameni, ndiponso ‘mankhwala amphamvu’ othandiza kupanga magazi, erythropoietin yochita kupanga, imene imasonkhezera mafuta a m’mafupa kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi. Kenako anampatsa madzi kudzera pamtsempha kuthandiza magazi otsala kuti aziyenda bwino.”

Magazini ya Time inasimba kuti patapita masiku ochepa, “chipatala kumene Jackson anali poyamba chinaimba foni kufunsa ngati iyeyo anali atafa. Poyankha moonetsa kuti anakhutira nayo ntchito yake, Shander anawauza kuti, ‘Iye ali wamoyo, komanso ali bwino ndipo akuyembekezera kutuluka. Posakhalitsa apitiriza ntchito yake monga mwanthaŵi zonse.’”

Paprogramu yofunsa ya pawailesi yakanema imene inaliko pa November 28, 1997, Dr. Edwin Deitch, dokotala wamkulu woyang’anira programu yochiritsa popanda magazi pachipatala cha University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey, anafotokoza mmene anayambira kafukufuku wokhudza kupanga opaleshoni popanda kuika munthu magazi. Anati: “Mboni za Yehova . . . zinachita zonse zotheka kuti zipeze anthu amene angachite opaleshoni popanda kuziika magazi. Zina zimene zinapezeka pakafukufuku ameneyo nzakuti iwo zinthu zinawayendera bwino kusiyana ndi mmene tinaganizira, [kuposa] anthu amene anapatsidwa magazi.”

Dr. Deitch anawonjezera kuti: “Magazi amafooketsa mphamvu ya thupi yodziteteza ku matenda ndipo pambuyo pa opaleshoni amayambitsa matenda ena ndi zovuta zina; akhoza kupangitsa munthu kudwalanso kansa. Chotero, ngakhale kuti magazi anali othandiza panthaŵi ina, iwo ngoipa.” Za opaleshoni yopanda kuika munthu magazi, Dr. Deitch anafika ponena kuti: “Imathandiza wodwala kuchira popanda zovuta zambiri, ndipo imalira ndalama zochepa. Choncho, ili yabwino nthaŵi zonse.”

Chifukwa chake, inatero Time, “odwala ambirimbiri akufuna njira zina zabwino komanso zothandiza kwambiri kuposa kuikidwa magazi.” Magaziniyo inanenanso kuti: “Malinga ndi kunena kwa ena, 25% ya odwala oikidwa magazi ku [United States] sanayenera kuikidwa magazi ayi. Palinso umboni wakuti odwala sangapirire hemoglobin yochuluka malinga ndi mlingo umene ankaganiza kale ndi kuti achinyamata makamaka ali ndi nkhokwe ya magazi m’thupi. . . . [Shander] akutsimikiza kuti kusapatsa munthu magazi ndiko njira yothandiza komanso imene odwala ambiri akufuna.”

Ngakhale kuti ngozi yaikulu yomwe ilipo njakuti munthu angatenge matenda chifukwa choikidwa magazi, ziliponso zovuta zina. “Pokhala magazi amasungidwa mozizira, alibe mphamvu yonyamula okosijeni monga magazi amene ali m’thupi,” anatero Dr. Shander. “Tangoyamba kumene kumvetsa zimene zimachitika pamene tipatsa munthu magazi.”

“Ndiyo Njira Yofunika Kutsatira”

“Pomaliza,” inatero magazini ya Time, “pali ndalama zimene zimawonongeka: pafupifupi $500 nthaŵi iliyonse imene apereka magazi. Kuphatikizapo zina ndi zina, mtengo wonse umafika pakati pa $1,000,000,000 ndi $2,000,000,000 pachaka. Chimenechi nchifukwa chokwanira cholingalirira njira zina.” Zikuoneka kuti opaleshoni yopanda kuika munthu magazi yakhala yofala chifukwa chakuti mtengo wa kuika munthu magazi ngwaukulu kwambiri.

Sharon Vernon, mkulu wa pa Center for Bloodless Medicine and Surgery kuchipatala cha St. Vincent Charity Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, ananena za kuchiritsa odwala popanda kuwapatsa magazi kuti: “Machiritso ameneŵa akufalikira chifukwa madokotala ayamba kuzindikira kuti mankhwala osaphatikizapo magazi ndiwo njira yabwino kutsatira pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zowonongedwa. Zimene taona nzakuti ngakhale makampani a inshuwalansi amene sitimagwira nawo ntchito, amatitumizira anthu, chifukwa sawononga ndalama zambiri.”

Mwachionekere, madokotala ambiri ayamba kuzindikira opaleshoni yopanda kuika munthu magazi pazifukwa zambiri.

[Bokosi patsamba 29]

Zimene Makhoti Anagamula Posachedwapa

Zimene khoti linagamula pamilandu iŵiri m’boma la Illinois, U.S.A., m’November ndi December 1997 zili ndi tanthauzo kwambiri. Pamlandu woyamba, Mary Jones, wa Mboni za Yehova, analipidwa $150,000 chifukwa anali ataikidwa mabotolo aŵiri a magazi mu 1993 ngakhale kuti iye anakaniratu mtundu umenewo wa mankhwala. Ameneyu ndi Mboni yoyamba kulandirapo malipo aakulu chonchi chifukwa cha nsautso ya mtima imene anakhala nayo chifukwa chomuika magazi mwini wake asakufuna.

Mlandu wachiŵiri unali wa Mboni yokhala ndi pakati, Darlene Brown, amene anaikidwa magazi mochita kumkakamiza kuti apulumutse mluza wa milingu 34. Pa December 31, 1997, Khoti la Apilo la ku Illinois linapereka chifukwa chimene linagamulira zimene linagamula kuti “kuika munthu magazi ndi machiritso ompondereza ndipo kumadodometsa udindo umene munthu wamkulu komanso wanzeru ali nawo pathupi lake.” Khoti la Apilolo linafotokoza mwachidule chigamulo chakecho mwa kunena kuti “malinga ndi lamulo la Bomali, . . . sitingamkakamize mwalamulo mkazi wapakati kuti alandire machiritso opondereza.”

Pa February 9, 1998, Khoti Lalikulu la Tokyo linasintha chigamulo chimene khoti laling’ono linapanga chakuti dokotala anachita bwino popatsa Misae Takeda magazi pompanga opaleshoni mu 1992. Khoti Lalikulu linanena kuti “ufulu umene wodwala ali nawo wosankha mankhwala amene akufuna uyenera kuzindikiridwa. Kumuika magazi kunali kuswa lamulo.” Misae Takeda anapatsidwa malipo okwanira 550,000 yen ($4,200).