Achichepere Akufunsa Kuti . . .

Fodya Wosasuta Kodi Alibe Ngozi?

‘PAMENE Cord wazaka 13 anasamukira ku chigawo chapakati koma chakumadzulo kwa United States, anazindikira mwamsanga kuti analibe chiŵiya cha mnyamata wa m’giredi lachisanu ndi chitatu: chitini cha fodya wam’mphuno, mtundu wa fodya wosasuta. Mabwenzi ake ochuluka anali ma “dipper,” [obwira] kapena ogwiritsira ntchito fodya wam’mphuno, ndipo Cord anafuna kufanana nawo. Chotero pamene mmodzi wa anyamatawo anampatsa paketi yaing’ono ya fodya wam’mphuno, iye analandira naika fodya wina pakati pa mlomo wake wapansi ndi nkhama ndi chidaliro cha munthu wodziŵa kale zinthu.’—Magazini a Listen.

Cord wachichepereyo sali yekha ayi. Dr. Christopher A. Squier, profesa wa matenda a m’kamwa, akunena kuti anyamata omawonjezereka akuyamba kugwiritsira ntchito fodyayo. Ngakhale kuti malonda a fodya wosasuta sanalinso kuwonjezereka chakumapeto kwa ma 1980, “ogwiritsira ntchito fodya wam’mphuno wachinyontho,” akutero Dr. Squier, “akuwonjezerekanso.”a Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza akusimba kuti wophunzira wachimuna wapasukulu yasekondale mmodzi mwa asanu alionse ku United States ndi mmodzi mwa atatu alionse ku Sweden—achichepere mamiliyoni ambiri—tsopano akugwiritsira ntchito fodya wosasuta. Kodi nchifukwa ninji zimenezi zikuchitika?

“Ngwabwino kuposa kusuta.” “Palibe umboni wakuti ngwowopsa.” “Mabwenzi anga amamgwiritsira ntchito. Samawavulaza.” “Kuchitako pang’ono apa ndi apo sikudzandipweteka.” “Palibe amene anafa naye.” Malinga ndi American Cancer Society, izi ndi zina za zifukwa zimene achichepere nthaŵi zambiri amapereka zimene akusankhira fodya wosasuta.

Kodi nchiyani chimene chachititsa achichepere kuganiza kuti kubwira fodya nkwabwino kuposa kusuta? Kodi ndi mmenedi zilili?

Kulandira Uthenga

Kwa zaka zambiri maindasitale aakulu a fodya anasatsa malonda ake ochuluka kwa achichepere kusonyeza kuti fodya wosasuta anali wabwino mofanana ndi chingamu ndi kuti anali wofunika mofanana ndi matenesi oyenerera. Mawu akuti “Nyamulani fodya wam’mphuno osati wosuta,” “Ndimakondwa nayedi fodya popanda ndi kuyatsa ndudu,” ndipo akuti “Amangofuna kutapa ndi zala ziŵiri basi” mwamachenjera anatanthauza kukhupuka kwa munthu.

Ataletsa mawu otero pa TV ndi pawailesi ku United States, maindasitale a fodya anapitirizabe kusatsa malonda ake m’magazini. Zithunzithunzi zokongola za anthu odzinzana thupi akumasangalala kusaka nyama, kukwera matanthwe, ndi kuyendetsa ziphaka pamathithi—fodya akuonekera m’matumba awo akumbuyo—zinapereka uthenga wamphamvu womveka wakuti: “Fodya wosasuta ngwabwino, ngwachibadwa, ndi khomo lofikira pa umuna!”

Lipoti la 1994 la dokotala wamkulu wa United States, lamutu wakuti Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People (Kuletsa Achichepere Kugwiritsira Ntchito Fodya), limati achichepere ochuluka tsopano akhulupirira kuti “fodya wosasuta ngwabwino ndipo anthu amamvomereza.” Kufufuza kwina pakati pa ophunzira pasukulu yasekondale kunasonyeza kuti “pafupifupi 60 peresenti ya [a m’giredi 7 mpaka 9] ndi 40 peresenti ya [a m’giredi 10 mpaka 12] omugwiritsira ntchito anakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsira ntchito fodya wosasuta nthaŵi zonse kulibe ngozi iliyonse kapena kungakhale ndi ngozi yaing’ono kwambiri.” Ngakhale apasukulu yasekondale omugwiritsira ntchito amene amazindikira kuti fodya wosasuta angakhale wangozi “sakhulupirira kuti ngozi yake njaikulu.” Uthenga wa kusatsa malonda ake ukukwaniritsa chifuno chake. Koma kodi uthengawo ngwoona?

Mwambi wa Baibulo umati: ‘Wachibwana akhulupirira mawu onse; koma wochenjera asamalira mayendedwe ake.’ Kapena malinga ndi mwambi winanso, ‘yense wochenjera amachita mwanzeru.’ (Miyambo 13:16; 14:15) Nanga kodi maumboni amasonyezanji za fodya wosasuta?

Uthenga Woipa

Pamene kuli kwakuti kusatsa malonda kungasonyeze kuti kugwiritsira ntchito fodya wosasuta kudzawongolera chithunzi chanu ndi kuti ngwabwino m’thupi lanu, maumboni amasonyeza zosiyana kwambiri. Ndithudi, kugwiritsira ntchito fodya wosasuta sikudzachititsa maonekedwe anu kuwongokera. Ngati simukukhulupirira zimenezi, tangoikani lilime lanu kutsaya ndi kuyang’ana pakalirole. “Nzambambande eti?” Kutalitali. Ndipo zimenezo nzimene amangochita kwa inu kunja! Zimene amachita mkati nzowopsa kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, aja amene amatafuna kapena kubwira fodya nthaŵi zonse amakhala ndi milomo yong’ambika, mano othimbirira, kununkha m’kamwa, ndi zilonda m’nkhama—zimene munthu sangamwetulire nazo. Ndiponso, mphamvu yawo ya kulaŵa ndi kununkhiza imachepa pamene kugunda kwa mtima wawo ndi liŵiro la mwazi zimawonjezeka—uthenga woipadi. Koma uthenga woipitsitsa ngwakuti kufufuza kochitidwa ku Ulaya, India, ndi United States kunasonyeza kuti fodya wosasuta amachititsa kansa ya m’masaya, m’nkhama, ndi pammero. Zopezedwazi sizimadabwitsa akatswiri. Lipoti lina lakufufuza linati: “Fodya wam’mphuno ali ndi mankhwala ochulukitsa ochititsa kansa kuposa chinthu chilichonse choikidwa m’thupi.” Nchifukwa chake “ogwiritsira ntchito fodya wam’mphuno kwa nthaŵi yaitali amakhala pangozi yaikulu kwambiri yakudwala kansa ya m’kamwa kuposa osamgwiritsira ntchito.”

Kansa ya m’kamwa itangoyamba, zotsatirapo zimakhala zoipa. Simangowononga thanzi la womgwiritsira ntchitoyo komanso imadukiza moyo wake. Chofalitsa cha American Cancer Society chimasimba za nkhani yachisoni yotsatirayi: ‘Sean anayamba kugwiritsira ntchito fodya wosasuta ali ndi zaka 13. Anaganiza kuti anali wabwino kuposa wosuta. Atambwira kwa zaka zisanu chitini chimodzi patsiku kapena kuposapo, anakhala ndi chilonda palilime. Inali kansa ya m’kamwa. Madokotala anadula mbali ina ya lilime lake, koma kansayo inafalikira kukhosi kwake. Anachita maopaleshoni ambiri olemaza koma analephera—anafa ali ndi zaka 19. Asanafe Sean analemba uthenga waufupi papepala kuti: “Musabwire fodya wam’mphuno.”’

Womwerekera!

Pambuyo pakuti Cord wachichepereyo, wotchulidwa poyamba, waŵerenga nkhani yochititsa kakasi imeneyi ya Sean, potsirizira pake uthengawo unamfika pa mtima. Anasankha kuleka. Komabe, kuyesa kuleka kunamvuta. “Ndimamlakalaka kwambiri,” Cord anauza magazini a Listen. “Ngakhale tsopano, miyezi ingapo kuchokera pamene ndinaleka, zimachitika kuti ndimapapasa m’matumba mwanga kufuna pukusi lake. Ndimatafuna chingamu chochuluka. Zimenezo zimandithandiza, koma sizimathetsa chilakolakocho.”

Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians ikutsimikiza zimenezo kuti: “Pofufuza achinyamata amene anayesa kuleka kugwiritsira ntchito fodya wosasuta, panapezeka kuti oŵerengeka okha ndiwo anakhoza kutero.” Koma kodi nchiyani chimachitisa kukhala kovuta kuleka kugwiritsira ntchito fodya wosasuta? Mankhwala amodzimodziwo amene amachititsa kukhala kovuta kuleka kusuta: chikonga.

Chikonga, mankhwala opezeka m’ndudu limodzi ndi m’fodya wosasuta, ndi poizoni yamphamvu imene imaledzeretsa munthu. Mphindi 30 zilizonse kapena kuposapo, munthu amafuna kubwira fodya wina kuti asaleke kumva kuledzera. Chikonga chimamwereketsa munthu. Ena amamwerekera kwambiri kwakuti amaika mlingo wochepa wa fodya wam’mphuno m’kamwa mwawo usana ndi usiku—ngakhale pamene ali m’tulo.

Mosiyana ndi zimene achichepere angaganize, kubwira fodya sikumachepetsa mlingo wa chikonga. Chitini chimodzi patsiku cha fodya wosasuta chimatulutsa chikonga cha ndudu 60! “Ogwiritsira ntchito fodya wosasuta,” ikutero Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People, ‘amaloŵetsa chikonga chochuluka ngati chimene amaloŵetsa osuta fodya—mwinamwake kuŵirikiza kaŵiri.’ (Kanyenye ngwathu.) Kuwonjezera pa chikonga, fodya wosasuta ali ndi ma nitrosamine (mankhwala amphamvu ochititsa kansa) kuŵirikiza nthaŵi khumi kuposa ndudu.

Chenjerani

“Ndithudi palibe chikayikiro chakuti zimenezi ndi zinthu zangozi,” anatero Dr. Roy Sessions, dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mutu ndi khosi. “Zimachititsa kumwerekera kumene anthu ochuluka amapeza kukhala kovuta kusiya kuposa kusuta.” Katswiri wa zamano ndi kansa Dr. Oscar Guerra anati: “Thupi silimazifuna konse zinthuzo.” Akatswiri padziko lonse akuvomereza kuti: Kubwira fodya sikumangochititsa mavuto. Kungakutayitseni moyo!

Achichepere achikristu ali ndi zifukwa zamphamvu kwambiri zopeŵera fodya kuposa kungosamalira thanzi—chikhumbo chawo cha kukondweretsa Yehova Mulungu. Mawu ake amalamula kuti: “Tidzikonzere tokha kuleka chodetsa chonse cha thupi ndi cha mzimu, ndi kutsiriza chiyero m’kuwopa Mulungu.”—2 Akorinto 7:1.

Magazini akuti Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine akufotokoza nkhaniyo bwino lomwe mwachidule, kuti: “Fodya ndi chomera chochititsa nseru chimene chimadyedwa ndi zolengedwa ziŵiri zokha—nyongolotsi yaing’ono yobiriŵira ndi munthu. Nyongolotsi yaing’onoyo siidziŵa kalikonse.”

Koma inu mumadziŵa. Chotero chenjerani—musayambe zimenezo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 17]

‘Asanafe Sean analemba uthenga waufupi papepala kuti: “Musabwire fodya wam’mphuno”’

[Zithunzi patsamba 18]

Kutafuna fodya kwayamba kukhala kotchuka pakati pa achichepere. Kodi muyenera kukuyesa?