Mɛni Ji Susuma Lɛ?
Hetoo ni Biblia lɛ kɛhãa
Aná wiemɔ “susuma” ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ kɛjɛ Hebri wiemɔ neʹphesh kɛ Greek wiemɔ psy·kheʹ amli. Hebri wiemɔ neʹphesh lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ ŋmiiŋmi ji “adebɔɔ nii ni muɔ,” ni Greek wiemɔ psy·kheʹ lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ ji “adebɔɔ nii ni hiɛ kã.”a No hewɔ lɛ, susuma lɛ ji bɔɔnɔ muu lɛ fɛɛ, jeee nɔ ko ni yɔɔ emli ni hiɔ shi be ni egbɔmɔtso loo eheloo lɛ egbo sɛɛ. Naa saji komɛi ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli ni tsɔɔ akɛ gbɔmɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji adesa susuma lɛ:
Ahãaa Adam susuma ko—‘ebatsɔ̃ susuma ni hiɛ kã’
Be ni Nyɔŋmɔ bɔ klɛŋklɛŋ gbɔmɔ, ni ji Adam lɛ, Biblia lɛ kɛɛ akɛ “gbɔmɔ tsɔ susuma ni hiɛ kã.” (1 Mose 2:7, King James Version) Ahãaa Adam susuma ko—ebatsɔ susuma ni hiɛ kã, loo gbɔmɔ.
Biblia lɛ kɛɛ akɛ susuma lɛ baanyɛ etsu nii, hɔmɔ baanyɛ aye lɛ, ebaanyɛ eye nii, eye mlai anɔ, ni eta gbonyo he. (3 Mose 5:2; 7:20; 23:30; 5 Mose 12:20; Romabii 13:1) Nibii nɛɛ ji nɔ ko ni gbɔmɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ, ni ji lɛ gbɔmɔ muu lɛ fɛɛ feɔ.
Ani susuma lɛ gbooo?
Dabi, susuma lɛ baanyɛ agbo. Biblia ŋmalɛi babaoo tsɔɔ akɛ susuma lɛ gboɔ. Naa enɛ he nɔkwɛmɔnii komɛi:
“Susuma ní feɔ esha lɛ, lɛ nɔŋŋ eeegbo.”—Ezekiel 18:4, 20, Ga Biblia momo.
Yɛ blema Israel lɛ, eshai ni yɔɔ hiɛdɔɔ waa lɛ ahe toigbalamɔ ji ni ‘afo nakai susuma lɛ ashɛ afɔ̃.’ (2 Mose 12:15, 19; 3 Mose 7:20, 21, 27; 19:8, Ga Biblia momo) “Gbe aaagbe” nakai mɔ lɛ.—2 Mose 31:14, Ga Biblia momo.
Yɛ Bibliai ŋmalɛi komɛi amli lɛ, kɛ́ gbɔmɔ gbo lɛ, akɛ wiemɔ ni ji “susuma ni egbo” damɔɔ shi kɛhãa gbonyo lɛ. (3 Mose 21:11, shishigbɛ niŋmaa; 4 Mose 6:6, shishigbɛ niŋmaa) Eyɛ amli akɛ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi babaoo kɛ wiemɔ ni ji “gbonyo” lɛ tsu nii yɛ ŋmalɛi nɛɛ amli moŋ, shi Hebri wiemɔ diɛŋtsɛ ni akɛtsu nii lɛ ji, neʹphesh, loo “susuma.”
“Susuma” baanyɛ adamɔ shi kɛhã “wala”
Biblia lɛ kɛ “susuma” damɔɔ shi kɛhãa “wala” hu. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, Hiob 33:22 kɛ Hebri wiemɔ kɛhã “susuma” (neʹphesh) tsu nii akɛ “wala” kɛ agbɛnɛ hu, akɛ susuma. Yɛ nakai gbɛ nɔŋŋ nɔ lɛ, Biblia lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ gbɔmɔ susuma, loo ewala baanyɛ eyaje oshãra mli loo eŋmɛɛ lɛ.—2 Mose 4:19; Kojolɔi 9:17; Filipibii 2:30.
Bɔ ni akɛ wiemɔ ni ji “susuma” lɛ tsu nii yɛ biɛ lɛ, hãa wɔnuɔ Biblia ŋmalɛi ni wieɔ susuma lɛ he akɛ ‘esusuma miije emli’ loo ‘esusuma miishi lɛ’ lɛ shishi jogbaŋŋ. (1 Mose 35:18; Ga Biblia momo) Mfonirifeemɔŋ wiemɔ nɛɛ tsɔɔ akɛ mɔ lɛ wala miiba naagbee. Yɛ Bibliai komɛi amli lɛ, atsɔɔ wiemɔ nɛɛ shishi yɛ 1 Mose 35:18 mli akɛ “emu enaagbee mumɔ.”—Good News Translation; New Jerusalem Bible.
He ni aná susuma ni gbooo hemɔkɛyeli lɛ kɛjɛ
Jeee Biblia lɛ mli ni jamɔi ni tsɛɔ amɛhe Kristofoi, ni heɔ susuma ni gbooo lɛ amɛyeɔ lɛ, ná tsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ kɛjɛ, moŋ lɛ, amɛná kɛjɛ blema Greekbii ajeŋnilee mli. Wolo ni ji Encyclopædia Britannica lɛ kɛɛ: “Kɛ́ Biblia lɛ wie susuma he lɛ, ekɔɔ muu ni amuɔ he, shi ekɛ susumɔ ni ahiɛ akɛ eyɛ srɔto yɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ he lɛ bɛ tsakpãa ko kwraa. Aná Kristofoi atsɔɔmɔ ni kɛɔ akɛ esoro susuma lɛ yɛ gbɔmɔtso lɛ he lɛ kɛjɛ blema Greekbii aŋɔɔ.”
Nyɔŋmɔ ekpɛlɛɛɛ adesai atsɔɔmɔi loo jeŋ nilee, tamɔ susuma ni gbooo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ, ni akɛfutuɔ etsɔɔmɔi lɛ nɔ kɔkɔɔkɔ. Yɛ no najiaŋ, Biblia lɛ bɔɔ kɔkɔ akɛ: “Nyɛkwɛa jogbaŋŋ ni mɔ ko kɛ jeŋ nilee kɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni sɛɛnamɔ bɛ he lɛ akaŋɔ nyɛ nom, yɛ gbɔmɛi akusum naa.”—Kolosebii 2:8.
a Kwɛmɔ wolo ni ji The New Brown, Driver, and Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, baafa 659, kɛ wolo ni ji Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros, baafa 627 lɛ. Yɛ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi babaoo amli lɛ, atsɔɔ wiemɔi neʹphesh kɛ psy·kheʹ lɛ ashishi yɛ gbɛi srɔtoi anɔ; atsɔɔ shishi akɛ “susuma,” “wala,” “gbɔmɔ,” “adebɔɔ,” loo “gbɔmɔtso,” yɛ sane ni awieɔ yɛ he lɛ naa.