Huguenotbii lɛ Afoijee Kɛmiiya Heyeli Mli

“Yɛ Maŋtsɛ kɛ Maŋnyɛ lɛ gbɛi amli lɛ, . . . Wɔmiijaje Akɛ jeee akɛ France Protestantbii fɛɛ ni baatao ni amɛbabɔ Abo yɛ Wɔ Maŋtsɛyeli nɛɛ mli, ni amɛaafa kɛba lɛ aaaná Wɔ Odehei a-Hebuu kɛkɛ . . . Shi Wɔhu wɔbaabɔ Mɔdɛŋ yɛ Gbɛ Fɛɛ Gbɛ nɔ koni Wɔfi, Wɔye Wɔbua, ni Wɔwa amɛ . . . koni amɛ shihilɛ yɛ nɛkɛ Maŋtsɛyeli nɛɛ mli lɛ afee miishɛɛ nɔ̃ kɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ mlɛo kɛha amɛ.”

NƐKƐ ji bɔ ni wɔkaneɔ William kɛ Mary, ni ji England maŋtsɛ kɛ maŋnyɛ lɛ sane jajemɔ ni aŋma yɛ afi 1689 lɛ. Shi mɛni hewɔ ehe bahia ni France Protestantbii loo Huguenotbii, taakɛ abale amɛ lɛ ayatao abobaahe kɛ hebuu yɛ France sɛɛ lɛ? Mɛni hewɔ esa akɛ wɔná amɛfoijee kɛmiijɛ France aaafee afii 300 ni eho nɛ lɛ he miishɛɛ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ?

Yɛ afii ohai 16 lɛ mli lɛ, Europa na nɔ yɛ ta kɛ béi ni kɔɔ jamɔ he lɛ mli. France, kɛ e-Jamɔ mli Tai (1562-1598) ni kã Katolikbii kɛ Protestantbii ateŋ lɛ yeee ehe yɛ basabasafeemɔ nɛɛ mli. Shi kɛlɛ, yɛ afi 1598 lɛ, France Maŋtsɛ Henry IV kɛ ewaonaa gbɛi wo gbɔmɛi ahe tsui namɔ mla ko, ni ji Nantes Mla lɛ, ni miiha Huguenot Protestantbii lɛ jamɔ mli heyeli lɛ shishi. Nɛkɛ jamɔi enyɔ ni ayɔse amɛ yɛ mla naa lɛ yɛ srɔto kwraa yɛ Europa. Ekɛ jamɔi atsakemɔi ni kɛ nɔ ni fe afii 30 wo afii ohai 16 France he gbeyei lɛ ba naagbee yɛ be ko mli.

Eyɛ mli akɛ afee Nantes Mla lɛ kɛ yiŋtoo akɛ efee nɔ ni “sɛɛ efooo ni atsakeee” moŋ, shi yɛ afi 1685 lɛ, Fontainebleau Mla lɛ bafo mli. France jeŋ nilelɔ Voltaire tsɛ nɛkɛ nii amlifoo nɛɛ akɛ “France amanehulu kpeteŋkpelei lɛ ateŋ ekome.” Yɛ be kukuoo ko mli lɛ, eha Huguenotbii aaafee 200,000 jo foi kɛtee maji krokomɛi anɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, nɔ ni jɛ mli ba lɛ tee hiɛ lolo. Shi mɛni hewɔ afo mra be mli mla ni awo ni fiɔ jamɔ he tsui ni anaa lɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli lɛ?

Ate Shi Awo Kɛjɛ Shishijee

Eyɛ mli akɛ akɛ Nantes Mla lɛ tsu nii aaafee afii 90 moŋ, shi yinɔsaneŋmalɔ ko kɛɛ akɛ no mli lɛ “egbo” momo “yɛ be mli ni afo mli yɛ afi 1685 mli lɛ.” Eji anɔkwale akɛ atooo mla lɛ amaaa shishitoo nii kpakpa nɔ. Kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ, ekɛ nɔ ni atsɛɔ lɛ “jeŋ hewalɛi ateŋ akaŋshii” ni kã Katolik osɔfoi lɛ kɛ nɔ ni amɛtsɛ lɛ akɛ “R.P.R.” (Nɔ ni akɛɛ atsɛɔ lɛ Jamɔ Tsakemɔ) lɛ ba. Kɛjɛ be mli ni eje kpo yɛ afi 1598 kɛyashi aaafee afi 1630 lɛ, shi ni ate awo Nantes Mla lɛ bɔle maŋ sanenaataomɔ ni kã Protestantbii lɛ kɛ Katolikbii lɛ ateŋ ni ebɔle jamɔi awoji ni aŋmala lɛ he lɛ mli. Shi kɛlɛ, gbɔmɛi ahe tsui ni anáaa lɛ hiɛ fai srɔtoi.

Yɛ be mli ni ekɛ Protestantbii lɛ ewuu kɛjɛ afi 1621 kɛyashi afi 1629 mli lɛ, France nɔyeli lɛ ka koni enyɛ amɛnɔ ewo Katolik jamɔ lɛ mli kɛtsɔ nɔnyɛɛ nifeemɔi srɔtoi anɔ. Awo nɛkɛ tutuamɔ nɛɛ mli wu yɛ Louis XIV, ni ji “Hulu Maŋtsɛ” lɛ nɔyeli shishi. Eyiwaa nifeemɔ lɛ ha afo Nantes Mla lɛ mli.

Naatsĩi Lɛ

Nɔ ni fata hiɛdɔɔ ni akɛbɔ mɔdɛŋ koni akɛtsĩ amɛnaa lɛ he ji akɛ, ajie Protestantbii ni taoɔ maŋbii ahegbɛi lɛ fiofio. Kɛjɛ afi 1657 kɛyashi afi 1685 lɛ mli lɛ, akɛ aaafee saji 300 shi Huguenotbii lɛ, ni osɔfoi lɛ ji mɛi titri ni kɛ susumɔi lɛ ba. Nakai saji lɛ sa amɛshihilɛi amli nɔ fɛɛ nɔ he. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, atsĩ Huguenotbii lɛ anaa yɛ nitsumɔi babaoo mli, tamɔ tsofafeemɔ, mla, kɛ mɔfɔmɔ. Yɛ nɔ ni kɔɔ mɔfɔmɔ he lɛ, yinɔsaneŋmalɔ ko susu he akɛ: “Te aaafee tɛŋŋ anyɛ atuu mɔ ko wala awo jamɔŋ atuatselɔ ko dɛŋ, mɔ ni oti ni ma ehiɛ ji koni ekpata gbɛjianɔtoo ni yɔɔ lɛ hiɛ lɛ?”

Awo nɔnyɛɛ ni ahiɛ lɛ mli wu lolo yɛ afi 1677 mli. Agbeɔ Huguenotnyo fɛɛ Huguenotnyo ni anaa akɛ eebɔ mɔdɛŋ koni etsake Katoliknyo ko lɛ shika gbele ni ji France akpe. Akɛ maŋ shika ni ana kɛjɛ tooi ni jara wa ni ahe lɛ mli lɛ tsu nii ni akɛnyɛ Huguenotbii lɛ anɔ koni amɛtsake. Yɛ afi 1675 lɛ, Katolik osɔfoi lɛ ha Maŋtsɛ Louis XIV France pound akpekpei 4.5 ni amɛkɛɛ: “Agbɛnɛ yaa nɔ ni otsɔɔ hiɛsɔɔ ni oyɔɔ lɛ mli kɛtsɔ hegbɛ ni oyɔɔ lɛ ni okɛaatsu nii ni okɛjie jamɔŋ atuatselɔi lɛ kwraa lɛ nɔ.” Nɔ ni jɛ nɛkɛ ŋaa gbɛ ni “akɛheɔ” tsakelɔi lɛ mli ba ji mɛi aaafee 10,000 ni atsake kɛba Katolik jamɔ mli ekoŋŋ yɛ afii etɛ mli.

Yɛ afi 1663 mli lɛ, afee mla akɛ akatsake kɛmiiya Protestant jamɔ mli. Agbɛnɛ hu, afo husui awo hei ni Huguenotbii lɛ baahi lɛ he. Nifeemɔi ni mli wawai lɛ ateŋ eko he nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ji akɛ, gbekɛbii ni eye afii kpawo lɛ baanyɛ atsɔmɔ Katolikbii kɛ́ amɛfɔlɔi sumɔɔɔ po. Akɛ sɔ̃ fɔ fɔlɔi ni ji Protestantbii lɛ anɔ koni amɛwo amɛbii atsɔsemɔ ni amɛnine shɛɔ nɔ kɛjɛɔ Jesuitbii loo Katolikbii tsɔɔlɔi lɛ adɛŋ he nyɔmɔ.

Dɛŋdade kroko ni akɛnyɛ Huguenotbii lɛ anɔ lɛ ji teemɔŋ Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement (Krɔŋkrɔŋ Duromɔ Hamɔ Nii Akuu) lɛ. Enɛ ji Katolik gbɛjianɔtoo ko ni yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Janine Garrisson kɛɛ akɛ “ekɔɔ nibii babaoo” he, ni eyɛ France maŋ lɛŋ fɛɛ lɛ. Kɛ abote shihilɛ mli diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, ebɛ shika loo saji ahe nilee. Garrisson tsɔɔ mli akɛ eŋaatsɔi lɛ fa babaoo: “Kɛjɛ nɔnyɛɛ mli kɛmiiya gbɛtsĩi mli, kɛjɛ ŋaa nitsumɔ mli kɛmiiya heguɔgbee mli, ni Compagnie lɛ tsɔ gbɛ fɛɛ gbɛ nɔ koni amɛgbɔjɔ Protestant kuu lɛ.” Ni kɛlɛ, Huguenotbii komɛi hi France yɛ yiwaa be nɛɛ mli. Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Garrisson kɛɛ akɛ: “Ewa akɛ aaanu nɔ hewɔ ni Protestantbii babaoo shiii Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli lɛ shishi yɛ be mli ni nyɛɛ lɛ mli woɔ wu fiofio lɛ.” Shi kɛlɛ, foijee kɛmiiya heyeli mli baafee hiamɔ nii yɛ naagbee mli.

Aje Shishi Ekoŋŋ

Nymegen Toiŋjɔlɛ he Kpaŋmɔ lɛ (1678) kɛ Ratisbon Toiŋjɔlɛ he Kpaŋmɔ lɛ (1684) ha Maŋtsɛ Louis XIV ye ehe kɛjɛ maŋsɛɛ ta mli. Katoliknyo ko batsɔ maŋtsɛ yɛ February 1685 mli yɛ England Ŋshɔkpɔ lɛ nɔ. Louis XIV baanyɛ aŋɔ nɛkɛ hegbɛ hee nɛɛ ni ekɛtsu nii. Yɛ afii fioo komɛi amli dani nɛkɛ be nɛɛ lɛ, Katolik osɔfoi ni yɔɔ France lɛ jie Gallican Mlai Ejwɛ kpo ni kɛ husu woɔ paapa lɛ hewalɛ lɛ he. No sɛɛ lɛ Pope Innocent XI “bu France Sɔlemɔ lɛ akɛ mligbalalɔ.” Ni kɛlɛ, kɛtsɔ Nantes Mla lɛ ni efo mli lɛ nɔ lɛ, Louis XIV baanyɛ aha ebulɛ ni eba shi lɛ aya hiɛ ni esaa shihilɛ kpakpa ni kã ekɛ paapa lɛ teŋ lɛ ekoŋŋ.

Maŋtsɛ lɛ nifeemɔ yɛ Protestantbii lɛ ahe lɛ bafee faŋŋ. Ebafee faŋŋ akɛ, gbɛ ni yɔɔ mlɛo (nɔnyɛɛ kɛ mlawoi) lɛ tsuuu nii. Yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ, be fioo ko ni eho lɛ, yiwaa kɛtsɔ asraafoia kɛ nitsumɔ nɔ lɛ ye omanye. No hewɔ lɛ, yɛ afi 1685 lɛ, Louis XIV kɛ ewaonaa gbɛi wo Fontainebleau Mla lɛ shishi, ni ekɛfo Nantes Mla lɛ mli. Yiwaa ni mli wa ni fata mlifoo nɛɛ he lɛ ha Huguenotbii lɛ ashihilɛ lɛ mli bawo wu po fe beni amɛyɔɔ dani Nantes Mla lɛ ba lɛ. Mɛni amɛbaafee amrɔ nɛɛ?

Ani Amɛbaatee, Amɛbaawuu Ta, loo Amɛbaajo Foi?

Huguenotbii komɛi hala akɛ amɛbaajá yɛ teemɔŋ. Akɛni afite amɛkpeehei ni akɛ nine efɔ̃ jamɔ ni amɛkɛhaa yɛ faŋŋ mli lɛ nɔ hewɔ lɛ, amɛbɔi ‘Sɔlemɔ ni yɔɔ Shia-ŋa’ lɛ nɔ lɛ yaa aloo amɛjáa yɛ teemɔŋ. Enɛ ba lɛ nakai yɛ anɔkwale ni eji akɛ gbɔmɛi ni feɔ nakai kpeei lɛ kɛ amɛhe woɔ oshara ni ji gbele fɔbuu mli yɛ mla ni awo yɛ July 1686 lɛ naa. Huguenotbii komɛi kwa amɛhemɔkɛyeli lɛ kɛ susumɔ akɛ amɛbaanyɛ amɛtsake kɛba ekoŋŋ. Nakai mɛi ni etsake lɛ batsɔmɔ hiɛaŋhiɛaŋ Katolikbii ni yinɔi ni baanyiɛ sɛɛ kɛba lɛ baakase.

Nɔyeli lɛ ka koni efee tsakemɔi lɛ ekome. Dani amɛaaná nitsumɔ lɛ, esa akɛ mɛi heei ni etsake amɛhemɔkɛyeli lɛ kɛ Katolikbii ni amɛji lɛ he odaseyeli wolo ni sɔlemɔ mli osɔfo ni leɔ mɛi abɔ ni baa sɔlemɔ lɛ waonaa gbɛi yɛ shishi lɛ atsɔɔ. Kɛ amɛbaptisiii gbekɛbii ni amɛtsɔseee amɛ akɛ Katolikbii lɛ, abaanyɛ atse amɛ kɛjɛ amɛfɔlɔi ahe. Esa akɛ skul fɛɛ ni yɔɔ lɛ awo Katolik tsɔsemɔ he hewalɛ. Abɔ mɔdɛŋ koni afee Katolik jamɔi asɛɛfimɔ nitsumɔi kɛha “gbɔmɛi lɛ a-Wolo [Biblia lɛ],” taakɛ atsɛɔ Protestantbii lɛ. Nɔyeli lɛ kala woji ni fa fe akpekpe kome ni ekɛtee hei ni mɛi babaoo etsake yɛ lɛ. Mlai ni awo lɛ tee shɔŋŋ aahu akɛ kɛ́ mɔ ko ni bɛ hewalɛ kpoo Katolik naagbee kusumii lɛ, ni sɛɛ mli lɛ ená hewalɛ lɛ, abuɔ lɛ fɔ ni akɛlɛ woɔ tsuŋ loo lɛlɛ mli ewala gbii abɔ fɛɛ. Ni kɛ́ egbo lɛ, ashɛɔ egbɔmɔtso lɛ afɔɔ tamɔ jwɛi, ni akɛ nine fɔɔ enibii ni eyɔɔ lɛ anɔ.

Huguenotbii komɛi batsɔmɔ shitee-kɛ-wolɔi ni ewula amɛhe kɛ tawuu nii. Yɛ Cévennes maŋ ni ehe gbɛi yɛ ejamɔ mli hiɛdɔɔ lɛ mli lɛ, Huguenot asraafoi ni atsɛɔ amɛ Camisards lɛ tse atua yɛ afi 1702. Nɔyeli lɛ mli asraafoi shã akrowai kɛsá Camisards kawoo kɛ gbɛkɛ tutuamɔi lɛ naa. Eyɛ mli akɛ Huguenot tutuamɔi yɛ be kɛ bei amli lɛ tee nɔ be saŋŋ moŋ, shi beni shɛɔ afi 1710 lɛ, Maŋtsɛ Louis asraafoi ahewalɛ lɛ ekpata Camisardsbii lɛ ahiɛ.

Nɔ kroko ni Huguenotbii lɛ baafee ji ní amɛjo foi kɛshi France. Atsɛ nɛkɛ shimɔ nɛɛ akɛ mɔ diɛŋtsɛ maŋ shimɔ kɛmiiya he kroko ni anyɛŋ afee. Huguenotbii lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii efee shwɛm beni amɛshiɔ lɛ ejaakɛ nɔyeli lɛ kɛ enine eŋmɛ amɛnibii anɔ, ni Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ nine shɛ amɛnii lɛ fã nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, ebɛ mlɛo akɛ aaajo foi. France nɔyeli lɛ fee nii oya nɔŋŋ yɛ nɔ ni yaa nɔ lɛ he, ni ebu gbɛ̀i ni atsɔɔ nɔ lɛ he ni ekwɛ lɛji lɛ amli. Ŋshɔ hiɛ ojotswalɔi hà lɛji ni shiɔ France lɛ mli nii, ejaakɛ amɛnine baashɛ nibii babaoo ni akɛjoɔ foi lɛ anɔ. Agbala Huguenotbii ni ana amɛ akɛ amɛmiijo foi lɛ atoi waa diɛŋtsɛ. Bɔni afee ni aha shihilɛ lɛ mli awo wu lɛ, shikpàlɔi ni miitsu nii yɛ akutsei lɛ amli lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ koni amɛle mɛi ni toɔ gbɛjianɔ koni amɛjo foi lɛ agbɛi kɛ hei ni amɛbaatsɔ. Woji ni atsĩɔ naa, mɔ kroko gbɛi ŋmaa yɛ wolo shishi, kɛ teemɔŋ ŋaatsɔɔ bafee nɔ ni afɔɔ feemɔ.

Abobaahe ni Yɔɔ Hiɛmɛɛ

Atsɛ Huguenotbii lɛ afoijee kɛmiijɛ France lɛ, kɛ maji ni bɔle amɛ ni here amɛ lɛ akɛ Abobaahe. Huguenotbii lɛ jo foi kɛtee Holland, Switzerland, Germany, kɛ England. Sɛɛ mli lɛ, mɛi komɛi tee Scandinavia, America, Ireland, West Indies, South Africa, kɛ Russia.

Europa maji babaoo wo mlai ni miiwo Huguenotbii lɛ hewalɛ koni amɛshi kɛya maji krokomɛi anɔ. Kanyamɔ nibii lɛ ateŋ ekomɛi ji maŋsɛɛ bii atsɔmɔ yaka, mɛi ni woŋ tooi, kɛ jarayeli nitsulɔi amli bii atsɔmɔ yaka. Taakɛ yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Elisabeth Labrousse tsɔɔ lɛ, Huguenotbii lɛ ateŋ mɛi babaoo ji “oblahii bibii . . . ni kɛ ekãa feɔ nii, ni ji maŋbii ni yɔɔ hewalɛ ni hiɛ jeŋba ni nɔ bɛ.” No hewɔ lɛ, yɛ ehewalɛ ni kwɔ gojoo lɛ mli lɛ, France laaje ŋaa nitsulɔi yɛ nitsumɔi srɔtoi amli. Hɛɛ, “amɛkɛ nifalɛ kɛ ŋaai ni amɛyɔɔ lɛ” tee maŋsɛɛ. Jamɔ kɛ maŋkwramɔ hu ná gbɛfaŋnɔ yɛ abobaahe ni akɛha Huguenotbii lɛ mli. Shi mɛni ji nibii ni sɛɛ tsɛɔ ni jɛ nɛkɛ shimɔ nɛɛ mli kɛba?

Nantes Mla lɛ ni afo mli lɛ kɛ yiwaa babaoo ni akɛ ba lɛ wo maŋsɛɛ bii ni hiɛ jwɛŋmɔ gbonyo lɛ amli la kɛfee nii. William ni jɛ Orange lɛ nyɛ edamɔ France shitee-kɛ-wolɔi lɛ ahenumɔ lɛ nɔ ni ebatsɔ Netherlands nɔyelɔ. Kɛtsɔ Huguenot onukpai lɛ ayelikɛbuamɔ nɔ lɛ, ebatsɔ Great Britain maŋtsɛ hu ni baye Katoliknyo James II lɛ najiaŋ. Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Philippe Joutard tsɔɔ mli akɛ, “Protestantbii ahe susumɔ ni Louis XIV hiɛ lɛ ji yiŋtoo titri hewɔ ni akpa James II lɛ yɛ sɛi nɔ lɛ ateŋ ekome, [ni] ato Augsburg kpaŋmɔ lɛ shishi. . . . Nifeemɔi [nɛɛ] kadi tsakemɔ be ko yɛ Europa yinɔsane mli, ni no ha akɛ Ŋleshi nɔyeli hegbɛ baye France nɔyeli hegbɛ nɔ.”

Huguenotbii lɛ ná kusumii nifeemɔi ni he hiaa lɛ mli gbɛfaŋnɔ yɛ Europa. Amɛkɛ heyeli hee ni amɛná lɛ tsu nii ni amɛkɛfee woji ni ye ebua ni akɛsaa Hiɛŋmɛigbelemɔ he nilee kɛ gbɔmɛi ahe tsuinamɔ he susumɔi lɛ. Ákɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, France Protestantnyo ko tsɔɔ Ŋleshi jeŋ nilelɔ John Locke woji komɛi ni gbɛɔ adebɔɔ naa hegbɛi ahe susumɔi lɛ eshwãa lɛ shishi. Protestantbii krokomɛi ma hiamɔ ni yɔɔ henilee mli heyeli lɛ nɔ mi. Susumɔ lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ, husu yɛ toiboo ni afeɔ ahaa nɔyelɔi lɛ he, ni abaanyɛ akpoo kɛ́ amɛku kpaŋmɔ ni kã amɛ kɛ gbɔmɛi lɛ ateŋ lɛ mli. No hewɔ lɛ, taakɛ bɔ ni yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Charles Read tsɔɔ mli lɛ, Nantes Mla lɛ ni afo mli lɛ ji “yiŋtoi ni yɔɔ faŋŋ lɛ ateŋ ekome hewɔ ni France Atuatsemɔ lɛ ba lɛ.”

Nibii ni Akase?

Beni Marquis de Vauban ni ji asraafoi aŋaawolɔ kɛha Maŋtsɛ Louis XIV tsɔɔ akɛ yiwaa lɛ hewɔ shweremɔ nyɛɛɛ aba, ni akɛ gbɔmɛi kpakpai pii eshi maŋ lɛ mli lɛ hewɔ lɛ, efã maŋtsɛ lɛ koni esaa ekɛ Nantes Mla lɛ aba ekoŋŋ, ni ekɛɛ: “Tsuitsakemɔ lɛ, eji Nyɔŋmɔ pɛ nɔ̃.” No hewɔ lɛ, mɛni hewɔ France Nɔyeli lɛ ekaseee nii ni etsake eyiŋkpɛɛ lɛ? Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ, yiŋtoi lɛ ateŋ ekome ji akɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ miishe gbeyei akɛ ebaagbɔjɔ nɔyeli lɛ. Agbɛnɛ hu, ewa akɛ aaapɛi Katolik jamɔ lɛ mli ekoŋŋ kɛ mɛi ahe tsui ni anaaa yɛ jamɔ mli lɛ yɛ afii ohai 17 yɛ France.

Nifeemɔi ni ejɛ mlifoo lɛ mli eba lɛ eha mɛi komɛi ebi akɛ, “Hegbɛi srɔtoi enyiɛ ni mɔ ko yɔɔ lɛ esa akɛ maŋbii lɛ aŋmɛ gbɛ loo amɛná he tsui?” Eji anɔkwale akɛ, taakɛ yinɔsaneŋmalɔi ekadi lɛ, anyɛŋ asusu Huguenotbii lɛ asane lɛ he ni asusuuu “hewalɛ nifeemɔi kɛ nifɔjianii” lɛ he. Yɛ ŋmɛnɛ jeŋ ni gbɔmɛi ni jɛ maji srɔtoi anɔ kɛ jamɔi srɔtoi amli faa yɛ mli lɛ amli lɛ, Huguenotbii afoijee kɛmiiya heyeli mli lɛ ji kaimɔ ni haoɔ mɔ ni tsɔɔ nɔ ni baa kɛ́ jamɔ ni kanyaa maŋkwramɔ lɛ baye gbɔmɛi lɛ ahilɛ-kɛ-hamɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 28]

Dragonnadebii lɛ

Atsakemɔ Kɛtsɔ Ŋmiŋmi Nɔ

Mɛi komɛi buɔ dragoonbii lɛ akɛ “maŋsɛɛ sanekpakpa shiɛlɔi ni hi jogbaŋŋ.” Shi kɛlɛ, yɛ Huguenotbii lɛ ateŋ lɛ, amɛteeɔ gbeyeishemɔ shi, ni yɛ shihilɛi komɛi amli lɛ, akrowai amli bii fɛɛ tsakeɔ amɛbatsɔmɔɔ Katolikbii kɛ́ amɛnu akɛ amɛba shɛ shi lɛ. Shi namɛi ji nɛkɛ dragoonbii nɛɛ?

Dragoonbii lɛ ji asraafoi ni ewula amɛhe kɛ tawuu nii babaoo ni hiɔ Huguenotbii ashiai amli kɛ jwɛŋmɔ akɛ koni amɛwo mɛi ni yɔɔ shiai lɛ amli lɛ ahe gbeyei. Abale dragoonbii ni akɛtsu nii yɛ nɛkɛ gbɛ nɔ akɛ dragonnadebii. Bɔni afee ni amɛha jatsu ni kã wekui lɛ anɔ lɛ ada lɛ, asraafoi ayibɔ ni atsuɔ kɛyaa shiai amli lɛ fa fe nii ni weku lɛ yɔɔ. Aha dragoonbii lɛ hegbɛ koni amɛfee wekui lɛ niseniianii, amɛha amɛna nɔ yɛ wɔ ni awɔɔɔ mli, ni amɛkpata amɛnibii ahiɛ. Kɛ mɛi ni yɔɔ shiai lɛ amli lɛ kwa Protestant hemɔkɛyeli lɛ, dragoonbii lɛ shiɔ shia lɛ.

Akɛ dragonnadebii lɛ tsu nii ni akɛtsake mɛi yɛ afi 1681 mli, yɛ Poitou, France Anaigbɛ, ni ji he ko ni Huguenotbii lɛ yɔɔ babaoo lɛ. Yɛ nyɔji fioo ko mli lɛ mɛi 30,000 kɛmiishɛ 35,000 tsake. Akɛ nakai gbɛ nɔŋŋ tsu nii yɛ afi 1685 mli yɛ Huguenotbii ashikpɔji krokomɛi anɔ. Yɛ nyɔji fioo mli lɛ, ana mɛi 300,000 kɛmiishɛ 400,000 ni etsake. Taakɛ yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Jean Quéniart tsɔɔ lɛ, omanye ni dragonnadebii lɛ ye lɛ “ha [tsui ni aaana yɛ Nantes Mla lɛ] Mlifoo lɛ bafee nɔ ni nyɛŋ aba nɔ, ejaakɛ amrɔ nɛɛ etamɔ nɔ ni anyɛ afee.”

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 28 lɛ Jɛ]

© Cliché Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 25]

Nɛkɛ afi 1689 sane jajemɔ nɛɛ kɛ abobaahe ha France Protestantbii ni taoɔ heyeli kɛmiijɛ jamɔ mli nɔnyɛɛ lɛ mli

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 25 lɛ Jɛ]

By permission of The Huguenot Library, Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland, London

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 26 lɛ Jɛ]

Conservés au Centre Historique des Archives nationales à Paris woji

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 26]

Nantes Mla lɛ mlifoo, 1685 (Enɛ ji mlifoo lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ baafa)

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 26]

Akumɔ Protestant sɔlemɔtsui babaoo

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 26 lɛ Jɛ]

© Cliché Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris