Nte Akpa Ufọk Abasi Ama Ekpep nte Ke Abasi Edi Ita-ke-kiet?
Ikpehe 3—Ndi Mme Andida Nnọ Ẹma Ẹkpep Ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet?
Ke mme nsiondi esie eke November 1, 1991, ye February 1, 1992, Enyọn̄-Ukpeme ama owụt ete ke Jesus ye mme mbet esie m̀mê Mme Ewetn̄wed Ido Ukpono eke utịt utịt akpa ye ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ ọyọhọ isua ikie iba E.N. ikekpepke ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet. Ndi mbon ufọkederi ke utịt utịt ọyọhọ isua ikie iba ẹma ẹkpep enye?
TỌN̄ỌDE ke se ikperede ufọt ufọt ọyọhọ isua ikie iba eke Eyo Nnyịn tutu osịm utịt utịt esie, mbon ufọkederi ẹma ẹdu ẹmi mfịn ẹkotde Mme Andida Nnọ. Mmọ ẹma ẹwet n̄kpọ ndida nnọ Ido Ukpono Christ oro mmọ ẹkefiọkde man ẹbiọn̄ọ ibak ibak akwaifiọk owo ẹmi ẹkeyọhọde ke ererimbot mbon Rome eke ini oro. Uwetn̄kpọ mmọ ekedisịm ke ekperede utịt Mme Ewetn̄wed Ido Ukpono ye ke ẹma ẹkewet n̄wed mmọ ẹma.
Ke otu Mme Andida Nnọ ẹmi ẹkewetde n̄wed ke usem Greek ẹkedi Justin Martyr, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus, ye Clement eke Alexandria. Tertullian ekedi Andida Nnọ emi ekewetde n̄wed ke usem Latin. Nte mmọ ẹma ẹkpep Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet eke Christendom eyomfịn—owo ita ẹmi ẹdide n̄ka-n̄ka (Ete, Eyen, ye Edisana Spirit) ke Mbuot Abasi kiet, kiet kiet edide ata Abasi, edi mmọ idịghe Abasi ita edi ẹdi Abasi kiet?
“Eyen Odu ke Usụhọde Itie”
Dr. H. R. Boer, etịn̄ ke n̄wed esie oro A Short History of the Early Church, aban̄a odudu oro odude ke ukpepn̄kpọ Mme Andida Nnọ oro ete:
“Justin [Martyr] ekekpep ete ke mbemiso ẹkebotde ererimbot Abasi okodu ikpọn̄ ye nte ke Eyen ikodụhe. . . . Ke ini Abasi okoyomde ndibot ererimbot, . . . enye ama obon edisana owo efen man obot ererimbot ọnọ enye. Ẹkekot edisana owo emi . . . Eyen koro ẹkebonde-bon enye; ẹkekot enye Logos koro ẹkedade enye ẹto N̄kọkibuot m̀mê Ekikere Abasi. . . .
“Justin ye Mme Andida Nnọ eken ke ntre ẹma ẹkpep ẹte ke Eyen emi edi edibotn̄kpọ. Enye edi edibotn̄kpọ oro okon̄de, edibotn̄kpọ oro enyenede odudu ekem ndibot ererimbot edi, kpa ye oro, edide edibotn̄kpọ. Ke ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono ẹkot itie ebuana emi Eyen enyenede ye Ete mi edidu ke usụhoḍe itie. Eyen odu ke usụhọde itie, oro edi, ke udiana itie, eberide edem ke owo, Ete okonyụn̄ anam enye edidu uwem. Mme Andida Nnọ ẹkedi mme andinịm usụhọde itie emi ke akpanikọ.”1
Ke n̄wed oro The Formation of Christian Dogma, Dr. Martin Werner etịn̄ aban̄a ata ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ ifiọk oro ẹkenyenede ẹban̄a itie ebuana Eyen ye Abasi ete:
“Ẹkediọn̄ọ itie ebuana oro ata in̄wan̄în̄wan̄ nte edide eke ‘usụhọde itie’, oro edi ke usụn̄ifiọk nte ke Christ odu ke idak Abasi. Ebiet ekededi ke Obufa Testament oro ẹtịn̄de n̄kpọ ẹban̄a itie ebuana Jesus ye Abasi, kpa Ete, . . . ẹsidiọn̄ọ ẹnyụn̄ ẹwụt emi ọyọhọ ọyọhọ nte se idude ke usụhọde itie. Ndien Andida nnọ usụhọde itie emi enyenede ubiere akan ke Obufa Testament, nte ekemde ye uwetn̄kpọ Gospel, ekedi Jesus ke idemesie . . . Akpasarade idaha emi, oro enyenede iwụk onyụn̄ owụtde nte enye eketiede mi, ama ekeme ndisọn̄ọ ndu ke idemesie ke ata anyanini. ‘Ofụri ikpọ mme ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono ẹmi ẹkedude mbemiso esop Nicaea ẹma ẹwụt usụhọde itie oro Logos odude ke idak Abasi.’”2
Ke n̄kemuyo ye emi, R. P. C. Hanson, etịn̄ ke n̄wed oro The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God, ete:
“Idụhe ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono ndomokiet ke Ufọkederi Edem Usiahautịn m̀mê Edem Usoputịn emi okodude mbemiso Eneni mbon Arius akasiahade [ke ọyọhọ isua ikie inan̄], emi ke ndusụk usụn̄ mîkadaha Eyen nte andidu ke idak Ete.”3
Dr. Alvan Lamson, ke n̄wed oro The Church of the First Three Centuries, adian uyarade emi aban̄ade ukpepn̄kpọ oro mme adaiso ufọkederi ẹkekpepde mbemiso Esop eke Nicaea (325 E.N.) ete:
“Mme Ewetn̄wed Ido Ukpono ẹkedude mbemiso esop Nicaea ẹma ẹsọn̄ọ ẹtịn̄ ẹban̄a usụhọde itie Eyen ke ofụri ofụri, edieke mîdịghe ke ukem usụn̄ . . . Nte ke mmọ ẹkeda Eyen nte edide ata isio isio ye Ete edi se ẹkemede ndikụt oto idaha oro mmọ ke in̄wan̄în̄wan̄ usụn̄ ẹkesọn̄ọde ẹtịn̄ n̄kpọ ẹban̄a usụhọde idaha esie emi. . . . Mmọ ẹkeda enye nte isio isio owo ye andidu ke idak owo.”4
Ukem ntre, ke n̄wed oro Gods and the One God, Robert M. Grant etịn̄ se itienede emi aban̄a Mme Andida Nnọ ete:
“Ukpepn̄kpọ eke mme andida nnọ emi aban̄ade utom ye enyeemi Christ edide, ukem nte Obufa Testament, edi ata akpan n̄kpọ oro owụtde usụhọde idaha. Eyen kpukpru ini esidu ke idak Ete, emi edide Abasi kierakiet ke Akani Testament. . . . Se nnyịn ikụtde ito mme andiwet n̄wed eset ẹmi, ndien, idịghe ukpepn̄kọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet . . . Mbemiso esop Nicaea, akayak esisịt ukpepn̄kpọ ido ukpono Christ ke ofụri ererimbot ndidi enyeoro onyịmede usụhọde itie emi.”5
Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet eke Christendom ekpep ete ke Eyen edi n̄ka ye Abasi kpa Ete ke nsinsi, odudu, idaha, ye ke ifiọk. Edi Mme Andida Nnọ ẹkedọhọ ẹte ke Eyen ikedịghe n̄ka ye Abasi kpa Ete. Mmọ ẹkeda Eyen nte andidu ke idak. Oro idịghe ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet.
Ndikere Mban̄a Ukpepn̄kpọ eke Akpa Isua Ikie
Mme Andida Nnọ ye mme akpa Ewetn̄wed Ido Ukpono eken ẹma ẹkere akamba akamba ẹban̄a se mme Christian akpa isua ikie ẹkekpepde ẹban̄a itie ebuana Ete ye Eyen. Tịmfiọk nte ẹtịn̄de ẹban̄a emi ke n̄wed oro, The Formation of Christian Dogma:
“Ke eyo Christian eke Ini Eset idiọn̄ọ aban̄ade mfịna m̀mê eneni Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet ndomokiet ikodụhe, utọ nte enyeoro ke ukperedem akadade ọkpọsọn̄ ndutịme edi ke Ufọkederi. Ntak kaban̄a emi nte eyịghe mîdụhe ọkọn̄ọ ke akpanikọ oro nte, ye Ido Ukpono Christ eke Ini Eset, Christ ekedi . . . owo oro enyenede n̄kokon̄ idaha ke ererimbot mme angel eke enyọn̄, emi Abasi okobotde onyụn̄ emekde ọnọ utom edida, Obio Ubọn̄ Abasi ndi, . . . ke utịt mme emana.”6
N̄ko kaban̄a ukpepn̄kpọ Mme Ewetn̄wed Ido Ukpono eke eset, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia onyịme ete:
“Ke ata akpa ekikere Ufọkederi edu oro okodude ke ini ẹtịn̄de n̄kpọ ẹban̄a Abasi kpa Ete edi ndifiọk Enye akpa, idịghe nte Ete Jesus Christ, edi nte enyeemi kpukpru owo ẹnyenede uwem ẹto. Ntem Abasi kpa Ete edi, yak idọhọ, mfọnn̄kan Abasi. Mme utọ ikọ nte se mînyeneke ntọn̄ọ, se mîkemeke ndikpa, se mîkpụhọkede, se inua mîkemke ndibụk, se enyịn mîkwe, ye se owo mîbotke-bot, ẹnyene Enye. Edi Enye akanam kpukpru n̄kpọ, esịnede se ẹbotde, ẹto se mîdụhe. . . .
“Emi ekeme nditie nte ọnọ ekikere nte ke Ete ikpọn̄îkpọn̄ enen̄ede edi Abasi ndien Eyen ye Spirit ẹdu n̄kukụre ke udiana itie. Etie nte ekese utịn̄ikọ eke eset ẹsọn̄ọ emi.”7
Ke adan̄aemi n̄wed-ofụri-orụk-ifiọk emi akade iso ndisụhọde akpanikọ ẹmi itie nnyụn̄ ndọhọ nte ke ẹma ẹnyịme ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet ke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ ikpehe ini oro, akpanikọ ẹmi inyịmeke ye se ẹtịn̄de oro. Kere ban̄a mme ikọ ekpep ukpepn̄kpọ owo Catholic emi ẹtịmde ẹfiọk mi, kpa John Henry Cardinal Newman:
“Ẹyak nnyịn inyịme ite ke ofụri otu ukpen̄kpọ oro, emi ẹkpepde ẹban̄a Ọbọn̄ nnyịn, edi se Ufọkederi Ini Eset ekenyịmede ofụri ofụri ye unana mfan̄a . . . Edi enye ke akpanikọ idịghe ntre ye ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet eke mbon Catholic. Ami n̄kwe m̀mê ke nso usụn̄ifiọk ke ẹkeme ndidọhọ ke akani ekikere ofụri owo [mme adaiso ufọkederi] odu ke n̄kemuyo ye enye . . .
“Mme Ikọ Mbuọtidem eke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ eyo oro itịn̄ke-tịn̄ n̄kpọ . . . iban̄a [Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet] ndomokiet. Mmọ ke akpanikọ ẹtịn̄ n̄kpọ ẹban̄a owo Ita; edi amaedi nte ke ndịben̄kpọ ekededi odu ke ukpepn̄kpọ emi, nte ke owo Ita ẹmi ẹdi Kiet, nte ke Mmọ ẹdi n̄ka, ẹdu ke nsinsi, owo ibotke-bot kpukpru mmọ, kpukpru mmọ ẹdi akakan ke odudu, owo idiọn̄ọke kpukpru mmọ, enye itịn̄ke, owo inyụn̄ ikemeke ndidọhọ ke emi edi se mmọ ẹketịn̄de.”8
Se Justin Martyr Ekekpepde
Kiet ke otu ata akpa Mme Andida Nnọ ekedi Justin Martyr, emi okodude uwem ọtọn̄ọde ke n̄kpọ nte isua 110 tutu osịm isua 165 E.N. Ndomokiet ke otu uwetn̄kpọ esie ẹmi ẹsụk ẹdude itịn̄ke n̄kpọ iban̄a owo ita ẹmi ẹdide n̄ka ke mbuot Abasi kiet.
Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, nte ekemde ye Jerusalem Bible eke mbon Catholic, Mme N̄ke 8:22-30 etịn̄ aban̄a Jesus mbemiso ekedide owo ete: “Yahweh okobot mi ke ini uduak esie ekebemde iso ayarade, mbemiso enye anamde ata n̄kani utom esie. . . . Mme udem ikodụhe, ke ini n̄kamanade . . . Mbemiso n̄kpri obot, ami mma mmana . . . Ami n̄kodu ke n̄kan̄ esie [Abasi], kpa etubom anamusọ.” Ke enemede n̄kpọ aban̄a mme ufan̄ikọ ẹmi, Justin ọdọhọ ke Dialogue With Trypho esie ete:
“N̄wed Abasi ọkọdọhọ ete ke Ete okobon Eyen emi mbemiso ẹkebotde kpukpru n̄kpọ; ye nte ke owo emi ẹbonde edi isio isio ke ediwak usụn̄ ye andibon enye, owo ekededi eyenyịme ye emi.”9
Sia Eyen oro akamanade oto Abasi, Justin ada ikọ oro “Abasi” ke ebuana ye Eyen. Enye ọdọhọ ke First Apology esie ete: “Ete ofụri ekondo enyene Eyen kiet; emi n̄ko, edide akpa edibon Ikọ Abasi, emi akam edide Abasi.”10 Bible n̄ko ada udorienyịn̄ oro “Abasi” etịn̄ aban̄a Eyen Abasi. Ke Isaiah 9:6 ẹkot enye “Ọkpọsọn̄ Abasi.” Edi ke Bible, ẹkot mme angel, mme owo, mme nsunsu abasi, ye Satan n̄ko “mme abasi.” (Mme angel: Psalm 8:5; men Mme Hebrew 2:6, 7 domo. Mme owo: Psalm 82:6. Mme nsunsu abasi: Exodus 12:12; 1 Corinth 8:5. Satan: 2 Corinth 4:4.) Ke N̄wed Abasi usem Hebrew, ikọ oro adade ọnọ “Abasi,” ʼEl, ọwọrọ sụk “Ọkpọsọn̄ Owo” m̀mê “Okopodudu Owo.” Ukem ikọ oro ke N̄wed Abasi usem Greek edi the·osʹ.
Akande oro, ikọ Hebrew oro ẹkedade ke Isaiah 9:6 owụt ata ukpụhọde oro odude ke ufọt Eyen ye Abasi. Do ẹkot Eyen “Ọkpọsọn̄ Abasi,” ʼEl Gib·bohrʹ, idịghe “Ata Ọkpọsọn̄ Abasi.” Ikọ oro ke Hebrew edi ʼEl Shad·daiʹ ẹnyụn̄ ẹda enye san̄asan̄a ẹtịn̄ ẹban̄a Jehovah Abasi.
Tịmfiọk, nte ededi, ete ke adan̄aemi Justin okotde Eyen “Abasi,” akananam enye idọhọke ite ke Eyen oro edi kiet ke otu owo ita ẹmi ẹdide n̄ka, emi owo mmọ kiet kiet edide Abasi edi mbita ẹnamde Abasi kiet kpọt. Utu ke oro, enye ọdọhọ ke Dialogue With Trypho esie ete:
“Abasi ye Ọbọn̄ efen [Jesus mbemiso edide owo] odu . . . emi odude ke idak Andinam kpukpru n̄kpọ [Ata Ọkpọsọn̄ Abasi]; emi n̄ko ẹkotde [Eyen] Angel, koro Enye [Eyen] ọtọtde ọnọ mme owo sededi oro Andinam kpukpru n̄kpọ—emi Abasi efen mîdụhe ke ẹsiode enye ẹfep—oyomde ẹtọt ẹnọ mmọ. . . .
“[Eyen] edi isio ye Enyeemi akanamde kpukpru n̄kpọ,—ke ediwak usụn̄, ikọ mi, iwọrọke [isio isio] ke uduak.”11
Inem inem udọn̄ikọ odu ke First Apology eke Justin, ibuot 6, ke ebiet emi enye akan̄de idem ke edori ikọ mme okpono ndem oro nte ke mme Christian ẹdi mbon oro mînịmke ite ke Abasi odu. Enye ewet ete:
“Enye [Abasi], ye Eyen (emi okotode Enye edi onyụn̄ ekpepde nnyịn mme n̄kpọ ẹmi, ye ediwak nti angel eken ẹmi ẹtienede enye emi ẹkenyụn̄ ẹnamde ke mbiet Esie), ye Spirit ntịn̄nnịm ikọ, ke nnyịn ituak ibuot inọ inyụn̄ iten̄e.”12
Andikabade udọn̄ikọ emi, Bernhard Lohse, etịn̄ ete: “Nte n̄kpọ eke ẹdọhọde ke ikemke nte ke mbụk emi asiak mme angel nte mme owo ẹmi mme Christian ẹkponode ẹnyụn̄ ẹtuakde ibuot ẹnọ, Justin imen̄eke ndisiak mme angel mbemiso asiakde Edisana Spirit.”13—Se n̄ko An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine.14
Ntem, ke adan̄aemi etiede nte ke Justin Martyr ama ọwọrọ ọkpọn̄ ata ukpepn̄kpọ Bible ke n̄kpọ aban̄ade m̀mê anie ekpedi enyeoro mme Christian ẹtuakde ibuot ẹnọ, enye nte an̄wan̄ade ikadaha Eyen nte edide n̄ka ye Ete, m̀mê ndikere ke mme angel ẹkedi n̄ka ye Enye. Kaban̄a Justin, nnyịn ifiak ikot ito Church of the First Three Centuries emi Lamson ewetde ite:
“Justin akada ete ke Eyen edi isio isio ye Abasi, onyụn̄ osụhọde ke idaha akan enye: isio isio, idịghe, ke usụn̄ifiọk eyomfịn, nte anamde kiet ke otu n̄kpọ, m̀mê mme owo, . . . edi edide isio ke idem ye uduot; enyenede uwem eke owo emi edide ata, san̄asan̄a, ye eke Abasi, kpa enyeemi enye enyenede ofụri odudu ye mme udorienyịn̄ esie oto; odude ke idak esie, onyụn̄ osụkde ibuot ke kpukpru n̄kpọ ọnọ uduak esie. Ete edi akakan; Eyen odu ke idak: Ete edi ebiet odudu otode; Eyen edi andibọbọ: Ete otịbe n̄kpọ edi; Eyen, nte asan̄autom m̀mê n̄kpọutom esie, ananam. Mmọ ẹdi owo iba ke ibat, edi ẹdu ke unyịme, mîdịghe ẹdi owo kiet, ke uduak; uduak Ete kpukpru ini esikon̄ akan eke Eyen.”15
Ke ndidian do, idụhe ebiet ndomokiet oro Justin ọdọhọde ke edisana spirit edi owo emi edide n̄ka ye Ete ye Eyen. Ntre idụhe usụn̄ ndomokiet oro ẹkemede ndidọhọ ke esịt akpanikọ nte ke Justin ama ekpep Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet eke Christendom eyomfịn.
Se Clement Ekekpepde
Clement eke Alexandria (n̄kpọ nte isua 150 osịm 215 E.N.) n̄ko okot Eyen “Abasi.” Enye akam okot enye “Andibot,” kpa ikọ oro akananam owo mîdaha ke Bible itịn̄ iban̄a Jesus. Ndi ikọ esie ọkọwọrọ ete ke Eyen edi n̄ka ke kpukpru usụn̄ ye ata ọkpọsọn̄ Andibot? Baba. Clement nte an̄wan̄ade eketịn̄ otụk John 1:3, ke ebiet emi ẹtịn̄de ẹban̄a Eyen ẹte: “Oto ke Enye ẹkenam kpukpru n̄kpọ.”16 Abasi akada Eyen nte isụn̄utom ke mme utom ubot n̄kpọ Esie.—Colossae 1:15-17.
Clement okot Akakan Abasi “Abasi ye Ete Ọbọn̄ nnyịn Jesus”17 onyụn̄ ọdọhọ ete ke “Ọbọn̄ edi Eyen Andibot.”18 Enye ọdọhọ n̄ko ete: “Abasi ofụri owo edi n̄kukụre eti, edinen Andibot, ndien Eyen [odu] ke Ete.”19 Ntre enye ekewet ete ke Eyen enyene Abasi emi okon̄de akan enye.
Clement etịn̄ aban̄a Abasi nte “akpa ye n̄kukụre andinọ nsinsi uwem, oro Eyen, emi ọkọbọde emi oto Enye [Abasi], ayakde ọnọ nnyịn.”20 Akpa Andinọ nsinsi uwem nte an̄wan̄ade okpon akan enyeemi, yak idọhọ, ayakde enye ọnọ owo efen. Ntem, Clement ọdọhọ ete ke Abasi edi “akpa, ye n̄kon̄n̄kan.”21 N̄ko-n̄ko, enye ọdọhọ ete ke Eyen “enen̄ede ekpere Enyeemi ikpọn̄ edide Ata Ọkpọsọn̄ Owo” ye nte ke Eyen “anam kpukpru n̄kpọ ke n̄kemuyo ye uduak Ete.”22 Ndien ndien Clement owụt nte Ata Ọkpọsọn̄ Abasi okponde akan Eyen.
Kaban̄a Clement eke Alexandria, nnyịn ikot ke The Church of the First Three Centuries ite:
“Nnyịn imekeme ndikot ekese udọn̄ikọ ito Clement emi ẹsọn̄ọde ẹtịn̄ ẹban̄a usụhọde idaha Eyen isio isio. . . .
“Idem akpa nnyịn nte ke owo ekededi ekeme ndikot n̄wed Clement ye uke uke ntịn̄enyịn, onyụn̄ ekere ke esisịt ini nte ke enye akada Eyen nte ata ukem—owo—ye Ete. Enye ndiberi edem ke owo ye usụhọde idaha esie, nte enye etiede nnyịn ke idem, edi se ẹdiọn̄ọde ke kpukpru ebiet. Clement ama onịm ke akpanikọ ete ke Abasi ye Eyen ẹdi ata nsio nsio; ke ikọ en̄wen, owo iba,—kiet okponde akan, enye eken odude ke idak.”23
N̄ko-n̄ko, ẹkeme ndidọhọ n̄ko ete: Idem edieke etiede nte ke Clement ke ndusụk ini esika anyan ọkpọn̄ se Bible etịn̄de aban̄a Jesus, idụhe ebiet ndomokiet oro enye etịn̄de aban̄a Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet emi esịnede owo ita ẹmi ẹdide n̄ka ke Abasi kiet. Mme Andida Nnọ utọ nte Tatian, Theophilus, ye Athenagoras, ẹmi ẹkedude uwem ke eyo Justin ye Clement, ẹma ẹnyene mbiet ekikere ẹmi. Lamson ọdọhọ ete ke mmọ “ikedịghe mme andinịm Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet ukem nte Justin; oro edi, mmọ ikonịmke owo Ita ẹmi ẹdide n̄ka oro owo mîkemeke ndibahade ke akpanikọ, edi ẹkekpep ukpepn̄kpọ oro ke ofụri ofụri mîdụhe ke n̄kemuyo ye se ẹnịmde ke akpanikọ emi.”24
Ukpepn̄kpọ Ido Ukpono Tertullian
Tertullian (n̄kpọ nte isua 160 osịm 230 E.N.) ekedi akpa owo ndikama ikọ Latin oro trinitas. Nte Henry Chadwick etịn̄de, Tertullian ọkọnọ ekikere ete ke Abasi edi ‘n̄kpọ kiet oro esịnede owo ita.’25 Nte ededi, emi iwọrọke ite ke enye ekenyene owo ita ẹmi ẹdide n̄ka ẹnyụn̄ ẹdude ke nsinsi ke ekikere. Nte ededi, edi mme ukperedem ewetn̄wed ẹkedian n̄kpọ ke ekikere esie ẹmi ke ini mmọ ẹkenamde n̄kpọ ẹbịne ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet.
Ekikere Tertullian kaban̄a Ete, Eyen, ye edisana spirit ekedi ata isio isio ye Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet eke Christendom, koro enye ekedide andinịm usụhọde idaha emi ke akpanikọ. Enye akada Eyen nte odude ke idak Ete. Ke Against Hermogenes enye ekewet ete:
“Nnyịn ikpenyeneke ndikere ke owo efen odu ke ẹsiode Abasi ikpọn̄îkpọn̄ ẹfep emi owo mîkobotke-bot mîkonyụn̄ ibonke-bon. . . . Akpasan̄a didie edi nte ke n̄kpọ ekededi, ke ẹsiode Ete ẹfep, okpokpon akan, onyụn̄ enen̄ede okon̄ ke mbụk emi, akan Eyen Abasi, kpa ikpọn̄îkpọn̄ edibon ye akpa edibon Ikọ? . . . Nte ke [Abasi] emi mîkoyomke Andinam man ọnọ enye uwem, ekpenen̄ede okon̄ ke idaha akan [Eyen] emi enyenede andinam man anam enye edidu.”26
N̄ko, ke Against Praxeas, enye owụt ete ke Eyen okpụhọde onyụn̄ odu ke idak Ata Ọkpọsọn̄ Abasi ke ndidọhọ nte:
“Ete edi ọyọhọ ọyọhọ n̄kpọ, edi Eyen edi se ẹdade-da ẹto ye ubak ofụri n̄kpọ, nte Enye ke Idemesie ọdọhode ete: ‘Ete Mi omokpon akan mi.’ . . . Ntem Ete edi isio ye Eyen, sia okponde akan Eyen, adan̄a ini nte Enyeemi obonde edide owo kiet, ndien Enyeemi ẹbonde-bon onyụn̄ edide owo efen; Enyeemi, n̄ko, emi osiode ọdọn̄ edi owo kiet, Enyeemi ẹsiode ẹdọn̄ onyụn̄ edi owo efen; ndien Enyeemi, n̄ko, emi anamde n̄kpọ edi owo kiet, Enyeemi onyụn̄ otode ke enye ẹnam kpukpru n̄kpọ edi owo efen.”27
Tertullian, ke Against Hermogenes, akaiso etịn̄ ete ke ini ama odu oro Eyen mîkodụhe uwem nte owo, owụtde ete ke enye ikadaha Eyen nte owo oro odude uwem ke nsinsi ke ukem usụn̄ifiọk oro Abasi okodude.28 Cardinal Newman ọkọdọhọ ete: “Ẹkeme ndikere ke Tertullian ekenyene isio isio ekikere [onịmde mme ukpepn̄kpọ oro mîdụhe ke n̄kemuyo ye se ẹnịmde ke akpanikọ] ke ukpepn̄kpọ aban̄ade nsinsi emana Ọbọn̄ nnyịn.”29 Kaban̄a Tertullian, Lamson ọdọhọ ete:
“Logos emi, nte mbon Greek ẹkekotde enye, ke ukperedem, nte Tertullian okonịmde ke akpanikọ, edi se ẹkekpụhọrede ẹkot Ikọ, m̀mê Eyen, oro edi, ata owo, emi okodude ke nsinsi n̄kukụre nte edu Ete. Tertullian, nte ededi, onịm enye ke idaha oro osụhọrede akan eke Ete. . . .
“Ke ẹbierede nte ẹto edinam an̄wan̄a ekededi oro ẹnyịmede kaban̄a Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet ke eyomfịn, ukeme ndinyan̄a Tertullian nsio ke ubiomikpe n̄kpa [nte ekpep isio ukpepn̄kpọ] ọkpọwọrọ ikpîkpu. Enye ikekemeke ndiyọ idomo oro ke ekpri ibio ini.”30
Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet Idụhe
Edieke afo okpokotde kpukpru ikọ Mme Andida Nnọ, afo okpokụt ete ke adan̄aemi mmọ ke ndusụk idaha ẹwahade ẹkpọn̄ mme ukpepn̄kpọ Bible, owo mmọ ndomokiet ikekpepde ite ke Ete, Eyen, ye edisana spirit ẹkedi n̄ka ke nsinsi, odudu, idaha, ye ifiọk.
Emi edi akpanikọ n̄ko ye mme ewetn̄wed eken ẹmi ẹkedude ke udiana ye ọyọhọ isua ikie ita, utọ nte Irenaeus, Hippolytus, Origen, Cyprian, ye Novatian. Ke adan̄aemi ndusụk mmọ ẹwụtde Ete ye Eyen nte ẹdide n̄ka ke ndusụk idaha, ke mme usụn̄ eken mmọ ẹkeda Eyen nte enyeemi odudu ke idak Abasi kpa Ete. Ndien owo mmọ baba kiet akanam ikereke ite ke edisana spirit ekedi n̄ka ye Ete ye Eyen. Ke uwụtn̄kpọ, Origen (n̄kpọ nte isua 185 osịm 254 E.N.) ọdọhọ ete ke Eyen Abasi edi “Akpa edibon eyen ke otu kpukpru edibotn̄kpọ” ye nte ke N̄wed Abasi “ọdiọn̄ọ ete ke Enye edi ata akpa ke otu kpukpru utom obot.”31
Owo ekededi oro okotde mme n̄wed akpa ufọk Abasi ẹmi ye in̄wan̄în̄wan̄ esịt eyekụt ete ke ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet eke Christendom ikodụhe ke eyo mmọ. Nte The Church of the First Three Centuries ọdọhọde:
“Ọwọrọetop ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet eyomfịn . . . inyeneke nsọn̄ọ ndomokiet ito mme uwetn̄kpọ Justin: ndien ẹkeme ndinam ndụn̄ọde emi atara okosịm kpukpru Mme Ewetn̄wed Ido Ukpono oro ẹkedude mbemiso esop Nicaea; oro edi, okosịm kpukpru mme ewetn̄wed ẹkedide Christian ke isua ikie ita ke Christ ama akamana. Edi akpanikọ, mmọ ẹtịn̄ n̄kpọ ẹban̄a Ete, Eyen, ye eke ntịn̄nnịm ikọ m̀mê edisana Spirit, edi idịghe nte ke mmọ ẹdi n̄ka, idịghe nte n̄kpọ kiet, idịghe nte owo Ita ke Kiet, ke usụn̄ ekededi nte emi mme andinịm ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet ẹnyịmede idahaemi. Se idide ata isio ye oro akam edi akpanikọ. Ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet, nte Mme Ewetn̄wed Ido Ukpono ẹmi ẹnamde an̄wan̄a, ekedi ata isio ye ukpepn̄kpọ eke eyomfịn emi. Nnyịn itịn̄ emi nte akpanikọ emi edikụtde unen ke ẹdomode enye ẹse nte edide ye akpanikọ ekededi ke ekikere mbụk ubonowo.”32
Ke akpanikọ, mbemiso eyo Tertullian owo ikakam itịn̄ke n̄kpọ iban̄a Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet. Ndien “isio isio ekikere” Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet eke Tertullian ama enen̄ede okpụhọde ye se ẹnịmde ke akpanikọ mfịn. Didie, ndien, ke ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet, nte ẹdiọn̄ọde mfịn, ọkọtọn̄ọ? Ndi enye ọkọtọn̄ọ ke Esop eke Nicea ke 325 E.N.? Nnyịn iyedụn̄ọde mme mbụme ẹmi ke ọyọhọ Ikpehe 4 ke udịm udịm ibuotikọ emi ke mme nsiondi Enyọn̄-Ukpeme eke ini iso.
Mme n̄wed ẹkotde ẹto:
1. A Short History of the Early Church, eke Harry R. Boer, 1976, page 110.
2. The Formation of Christian Dogma, eke Martin Werner, 1957, page 125.
3. The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God, eke R. P. C. Hanson, 1988, page 64.
4. The Church of the First Three Centuries, eke Alvan Lamson, 1869, page 70-71.
5. Gods and the One God, eke Robert M. Grant, 1986, page 109, 156, 160.
6. The Formation of Christian Dogma, page 122, 125.
7. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1982, Eboho 2, page 513.
8. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, eke John Henry Cardinal Newman, Ọyọhọ Nsiondi Itiokiet, 1989, page 14-18.
9. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, emi Alexander Roberts ye James Donaldson ẹkewetde, Edifiak Mmịn̄ eke Mbon America ke Nsiondi Edinburgh, 1885, Eboho I, page 264.
10. Ibid., page 184.
11. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Eboho 1, page 223.
12. Ibid., page 164.
13. A Short History of Christian Doctrine, eke Bernhard Lohse, emi F. Ernest Stoeffler, akabarede oto usem Germany, 1963, udiana edimịn̄ oro ẹdade mfefere ikọn̄n̄wed ẹdian edem, 1980, page 43.
14. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, page 20.
15. The Church of the First Three Centuries, page 73-74, 76.
16. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Eboho II, page 234.
17. Ibid., page 227.
18. Ibid., page 228.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid., page 593.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., page 524.
23. The Church of the First Three Centuries, page 124-125.
24. Ibid., page 95.
25. The Early Church, eke Henry Chadwick, edifiak mmịn̄ eke 1980, page 89.
26. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Eboho III, page 487.
27. Ibid., page 603-604.
28. Ibid., page 478.
29. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, page 19, 20.
30. The Church of the First Three Centuries, page 108-109.
31. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Eboho IV, page 560.
32. The Church of the First Three Centuries, page 75-76.
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Clement
[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]
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Tertullian
[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]
Historical Pictures Service