Uyosinda Yini Lapho UNkulunkulu Ethatha Isinyathelo?

“Ukuba lezozinsuku azifinyezwanga, akukho nyama ebiyosinda; kodwa ngenxa yabakhethiweyo lezozinsuku ziyofinyezwa.”—MATHEWU 24:22.

1, 2. (a) Kungani kungokwemvelo ukuba nesithakazelo ekusaseni lethu? (b) Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile isithakazelo semvelo okungenzeka ukuthi sasihilelekile kuyo?

UNESITHAKAZELO esingakanani kuwe ngokwakho? Abaningi namuhla bazikhathalela ngokweqile, bangabi nandaba nabanye. Nokho, iBhayibheli alikulahli ukuba nesithakazelo esifanelekile kulokho okusithintayo. (Efesu 5:33) Lokho kuhlanganisa nokuba nesithakazelo ekusaseni lethu. Ngakho kungokwemvelo ukuba ufune ukwazi ukuthi ikusasa lakho liphetheni. Unesithakazelo kulokho?

² Singaqiniseka ukuthi abaphostoli bakaJesu babenesithakazelo esinjalo ekusaseni labo. (Mathewu 19:27) Cishe yilokho okwashukumisa abane babo lapho benoJesu eNtabeni Yeminqumo. Babuza: “Ziyokwenzeka nini lezizinto, futhi siyoba yini isibonakaliso lapho zonke lezizinto zimiselwa ukufika esiphelweni?” (Marku 13:4) UJesu akazange asizibe leso sithakazelo esingokwemvelo ngekusasa—isithakazelo sabo nesethu. Ngokuphindaphindiwe waqokomisa indlela abalandeli bakhe ababeyothinteka ngayo nokuthi umphumela wawuyoba yini.

3. Kungani sihlobanisa impendulo kaJesu nesikhathi sethu?

³ Impendulo kaJesu yaba isiprofetho esigcwaliseka ngokuyinhloko esikhathini sethu. Lokhu singakubona ezimpini zezwe nakwezinye izingxabano ekhulwini lethu leminyaka, ukuzamazama komhlaba okunqamula ukuphila kwabangenakubalwa, ukuntuleka kokudla okuletha ukugula nokufa, nezifo ezibhubhisayo—kusukela emkhuhlaneni waseSpain ka-1918 kuya obhadaneni lwanamuhla lwengculaza. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yempendulo kaJesu yagcwaliseka ngendlela eyaholela futhi yahlanganisa nokubhujiswa kweJerusalema ngamaRoma ngo-70 C.E. UJesu waxwayisa abafundi bakhe: “Niziqaphele; abantu bayoninikela ezinkantolo zendawo, futhi niyoshaywa emasinagogeni futhi nimiswe phambi kwababusi namakhosi ngenxa yami, ukuze kube ubufakazi kubo.”—Marku 13:9.

Lokho UJesu Akubikezela, Nalokho Okwenzeka

4. Yiziphi ezinye izixwayiso ezihlanganiswe empendulweni kaJesu?

⁴ UJesu akagcinanga ngokubikezela indlela abanye ababeyophatha ngayo abafundi bakhe. Wabaqaphelisa nangendlela okwakufanele benze ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo: “Lapho nibona isinengiso esibangela incithakalo simi lapho kungafanele khona (ofundayo makasebenzise ukuqonda), khona-ke labo abaseJudiya mabaqale ukubalekela ezintabeni.” (Marku 13:14) Ukulandisa okufana nalokhu okukuLuka 21:20 kuthi: “Lapho nibona iJerusalema lihaqwe amabutho akanisile.” Lokho kwabonakala kanjani kunembile ekugcwalisekeni kokuqala?

5. Kwenzekani phakathi kwamaJuda eJudiya ngo-66 C.E.?

⁵ I-International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1982) iyasitshela: “AmaJuda ayeqhubeka eba nenkani ngaphansi kokulawula kwamaRoma futhi ababusi babeqhubeka beba nobudlova, unya, nokungathembeki. Ukuvukela kwasobala kwenzeka ngo-A.D. 66. . . . Impi yaqala lapho ama-Zealot ethatha iMasada futhi kamuva, ngaphansi kukaMenahem, emashela eJerusalema. Ngaso leso sikhathi amaJuda ayesemzini wombusi waseKesariya acoboshiswa, futhi izindaba zalesi senzo sonya zasakazeka ezweni lonke. Izinhlamvu zemali ezintsha zagxivizwa ukuthi uNyaka 1 kuya oNyakeni ka-5 wokuvukela.”

6. Ukuvukela kwamaJuda kwabangela kuphi ukusabela kwamaRoma?

⁶ IButho Leshumi Nambili LamaRoma ngaphansi kukaCestius Gallus lamasha lisuka eSiriya, lachitha iGalile neJudiya, lase lihlasela inhloko-dolobha, lathatha ngisho nengxenye engenhla ‘yeJerusalema, umuzi ongcwele.’ (Nehemiya 11:1; Mathewu 4:5; 5:35; 27:53) Ubeka lezi zenzakalo ngamafuphi, umqulu i-Roman Siege of Jerusalem uthi: “Phakathi nezinsuku ezinhlanu amaRoma azama ukuhlasela ngokucaca udonga, exoshwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ekugcineni abavikeli, benqotshwe imvula yezikhali ezijikijelwayo, bahoxa. Njengoba ayakhe i-testudo—indlela yokuhlanganisa amahawu awo phezu kwamakhanda ukuze azivikele—amasosha amaRoma amba ngaphansi kodonga futhi azama ukokhela isango. Kwaphela nasozwaneni kubavikeli.” AmaKristu ayengaphakathi komuzi ayengakhumbula amazwi kaJesu futhi abone ukuthi into ebangela isinengiso yayimi endaweni engcwele.a Kodwa njengoba umuzi wawuzungeziwe, amaKristu anjalo ayengabaleka kanjani, njengoba uJesu ayexwayisile?

7. Lapho kwase kusele kancane anqobe ngo-66 C.E., yini amaRoma ayenza?

⁷ Isazi-mlando uFlavius Josephus siyalandisa: “UCestius [Gallus], engaqapheli ukuphelelwa yithemba kwababevinjezelwe noma imizwa yabantu, ngokungazelele wayala amasosha akhe ukuba ahoxe, walahla ithemba nakuba ayenganqotshiwe, futhi ngokuphambene nazo zonke izizathu ezinengqondo waphuma eMzini.” (The Jewish War, II, 540 [xix, 7]) Kungani uGallus ahoxa? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isizathu siyini, ukuhoxa kwakhe kwavumela amaKristu ukuba alalele umyalo kaJesu futhi abalekele ezintabeni endaweni ephephile.

8. Saba yini isigaba sesibili somzamo wamaRoma wokumelana neJerusalema, futhi yini abasinda ababhekana nayo?

⁸ Ukulalela kwakusho ukusindisa ukuphila. Ngokushesha amaRoma athatha isinyathelo ukuze aqede ukuvukela. Umkhankaso ngaphansi kukaJenene Titus wafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokuvinjezelwa kweJerusalema kusukela ngo-April kuya ku-August 70 C.E. Kuvusa uhlevane ukufunda okuchazwa uJosephus ngendlela amaJuda ahlupheka ngayo. Ngaphandle kwalawo abulawa elwa namaRoma, amanye amaJuda abulawa amaviyo amaJuda ayelwa wodwa, futhi indlala yaholela ekubeni adlane wodwa. Ngesikhathi amaRoma enqoba, kwase kufe amaJuda angu-1 100 000.b Kwabangu-97 000 abasinda, abanye babulawa ngokushesha; abanye benziwa izigqila. UJosephus uthi: “Labo ababeneminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nesikhombisa baboshwa ngamaketanga bathunyelwa ukuba bayosebenza kanzima eGibithe, kuyilapho abaningi uTitus wabayisa ezifundeni ukuze babulawelwe ezinkundleni zemidlalo ngenkemba noma ngezilwane zasendle.” Ngisho nalapho lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuqhubeka, iziboshwa ezingu-11 000 zabulawa indlala.

9. Kungani amaKristu engazange abhekane nomphumela amaJuda abhekana nawo, kodwa yimiphi imibuzo esalayo?

⁹ AmaKristu angabonga ngokuthi ayelalele isixwayiso seNkosi futhi abaleka emzini ngaphambi kokuba ibutho lamaRoma libuye. Ngalokho asinda engxenyeni yalokho uJesu akubiza ngokuthi ‘usizi olukhulu olwalungakaze lwenzeke kusukela ekuqaleni kwezwe kuze kube yileso sikhathi, cha, futhi olungasayikuphinde lwenzeke’ eJerusalema. (Mathewu 24:21) UJesu wanezela: “Eqinisweni, ukuba lezozinsuku azifinyezwanga, akukho nyama ebiyosinda; kodwa ngenxa yabakhethiweyo lezozinsuku ziyofinyezwa.” (Mathewu 24:22) Kwakusho ukuthini lokho ngaleso sikhathi, futhi kusho ukuthini manje?

10. Besimchaza kanjani uMathewu 24:22 ngaphambili?

¹⁰ Esikhathini esidlule kwachazwa ukuthi ‘inyama eyayiyosinda’ yayibhekisela kumaJuda asinda osizini lweJerusalema ngo-70 C.E. AmaKristu ayebalekile, ngakho uNkulunkulu wayengavumela amaRoma ukuba alethe imbubhiso esheshayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ngenxa yeqiniso lokuthi “abakhethiweyo” babengasekho engozini, izinsuku zosizi zazingase zifinyezwe, kuvunyelwe ‘inyama’ ethile engamaJuda ukuba isinde. Kwakunomuzwa wokuthi amaJuda asinda ayefanekisela labo abayosinda osizini olukhulu oluzayo osukwini lwethu.—IsAmbulo 7:14.

11. Kungani kubonakala sengathi incazelo kaMathewu 24:22 kufanele icatshangelwe futhi?

¹¹ Kodwa ingabe leyo ncazelo iyavumelana nalokho okwenzeka ngo-70 C.E.? UJesu wathi ‘kwakuyosinda’ ‘inyama’ engabantu osizini olukhulu. Ubungalisebenzisa yini igama ‘lokusinda’ uma uchaza abangu-97 000 abasala, uma ucabangela iphuzu lokuthi izinkulungwane zabo zafa ngokushesha ngenxa yendlala noma zabulawa enkundleni yemidlalo? UJosephus uthi ngenye inkundla yemidlalo, eKesariya: “Inani lalabo abafa ekulweni nezilo zasendle noma ngokulwa bodwa noma ngokushiswa bephila lingaphezu kuka-2 500.” Nakuba bengafanga lapho kuvinjezelwa, ‘abasindanga’ neze. Futhi ingabe uJesu wayeyobabheka njengabafana nabajabulayo abayosala bephila “osizini olukhulu” oluzayo?

Inyama Yasinda—Kanjani?

12, 13. Obani “abakhethiweyo” bekhulu lokuqala uNkulunkulu ayenesithakazelo kubo?

¹² Ngo-70 C.E., uNkulunkulu wayengasawabheki amaJuda emvelo njengabantu bakhe abakhethiwe. UJesu wabonisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wayesilahlile leso sizwe futhi wayeyovumela ukuba inhloko-dolobha yaso, ithempeli, nesimiso sokukhulekela kuphele. (Mathewu 23:37–24:2) UNkulunkulu wakhetha isizwe esisha, u-Israyeli ongokomoya. (IzEnzo 15:14; Roma 2:28, 29; Galathiya 6:16) Sasakhiwe abesilisa nabesifazane ababekhethwe kuzo zonke izizwe futhi bagcotshwa ngomoya ongcwele. (Mathewu 22:14; Johane 15:19; IzEnzo 10:1, 2, 34, 35, 44, 45) Eminyakeni ethile ngaphambi kokuhlasela kukaCestius Gallus, uPetru wabhalela “labo abakhethwe ngokokwazi kusengaphambili kukaNkulunkulu uBaba, nangokungcweliswa ngomoya.” Abanjalo ababegcotshwe ngomoya ‘babeluhlanga olukhethiweyo, ubupristi bobukhosi, isizwe esingcwele.’ (1 Petru 1:1, 2; 2:9) UNkulunkulu wayeyoyisa abakhethiweyo abanjalo ezulwini ukuze babuse noJesu.—Kolose 1:1, 2; 3:12; Thithu 1:1; IsAmbulo 17:14.

¹³ Lokhu kubaqonda abakhethiwe kuyasiza, ngoba uJesu wabikezela ukuthi izinsuku zosizi zaziyofinyezwa “ngenxa yabakhethiweyo.” Ingabe kukhona okwenzeka okwaba yinzuzo noma okwenzeka “ngenxa” yabakhethiweyo abangamaKristu ababevaleleke eJerusalema?

14. Yasindiswa kanjani ‘inyama’ lapho ibutho lamaRoma lihoxa ngokungazelelwe eJerusalema ngo-66 C.E.?

¹⁴ Khumbula ukuthi ngo-66 C.E., amaRoma ayehambahamba ezweni, athatha ingxenye engenhla yeJerusalema, futhi aqala ukumba ngaphansi kodonga. UJosephus uyaphawula: “Ukuba nje wathi ukubekezela isikhashana ekuvimbezeleni wayeyowuthatha kube kanye uMuzi.” Zibuze, ‘Kungani ibutho elinamandla lamaRoma layeka umkhankaso ngokungazelele futhi “ngokuphambene nazo zonke izizathu ezinengqondo” lahoxa?’ URupert Furneaux, uchwepheshe ekuchazeni umlando wezempi, uyaphawula: “Asikho isazi-mlando esiye saphumelela ukunikeza noma isiphi isizathu esanelisayo ngesinqumo sikaGallus esiyindida nesiyinhlekelele.” Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani, umphumela waba ukuthi usizi lwafinyezwa. AmaRoma ahoxa, amaJuda ewahlasela njengoba ehamba. Kuthiwani ‘ngabakhethiweyo’ abangamaKristu agcotshiwe ababevalelekile? Ukumiswa kokuvimbezela kwasho ukuthi babesindile kunoma yikuphi ukubulawa okwakusongela phakathi nosizi. Ngakho, lawo maKristu azuza ekufinyezweni kosizi ngo-66 C.E. aba ‘inyama’ eyasinda okukhulunywe ngayo kuMathewu 24:22.

Ikusasa Lakho Liphetheni?

15. Ubungathi kungani uMathewu isahluko 24 kufanele athakazelise ngokuyinhloko osukwini lwethu?

¹⁵ Omunye angase abuze, ‘Kungani kufanele ngibe nesithakazelo esikhethekile kulokhu kuqondwa okucacisiwe kwamazwi kaJesu?’ Kunezizathu eziningi zokuphetha ngokuthi isiprofetho sikaJesu sasiyogcwaliseka ngezinga elikhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho okwenzeka kwaze kwafika u-70 C.E. naphakathi naye.c (Qhathanisa noMathewu 24:7; Luka 21:10, 11; IsAmbulo 6:2-8.) Sekungamashumi eminyaka, oFakazi BakaJehova beshumayela ukuthi ukugcwaliseka okukhulu okwenzeka esikhathini sethu kufakazela ukuthi singalindela “usizi olukhulu” lwezinga elikhulu oselusemnyango. Phakathi nalo, ayogcwaliseka kanjani amazwi esiprofetho akuMathewu 24:22?

16. Yiliphi iqiniso elikhuthazayo isAmbulo esilinikezayo ngosizi olukhulu olusondelayo?

¹⁶ Emashumini amabili eminyaka ngemva kosizi lwaseJerusalema, umphostoli uJohane wabhala incwadi yesAmbulo. Yaqinisekisa ukuthi usizi olukhulu lwaluseza. Futhi, njengoba sinesithakazelo kulokho okusithinta ngokuqondile, kungase kusikhulule ukwazi ukuthi isAmbulo sisiqinisekisa ngesiprofetho ukuthi inyama engabantu iyophila idlulele ngalé kwalolu sizi olukhulu oluzayo. UJohane wabikezela ‘ngesixuku esikhulu esiphuma kuzo zonke izizwe nezizwana nabantu nezilimi.’ Singobani? Izwi elivela ezulwini liyaphendula: “Laba yilabo abaphuma osizini olukhulu.” (IsAmbulo 7:9, 14) Yebo, bayoba abasindile! IsAmbulo futhi sinikeza umbono wendlela izinto eziyokwenzeka ngayo osizini olukhulu oluzayo nendlela uMathewu 24:22 ayogcwaliseka ngayo.

17. Isigaba sokuqala sosizi olukhulu siyohlanganisani?

¹⁷ Ingxenye yokuqala yalolu sizi iyoba ukuhlaselwa kwesifebe esingokomfanekiso esibizwa ngokuthi “iBabiloni Elikhulu.” (IsAmbulo 14:8; 17:1, 2) Simelela umbuso womhlaba wonke wenkolo yamanga, eLobukholwa elingelisoleka kakhulu kuwo. Ngokwamazwi esAmbulo 17:16-18, uNkulunkulu uyokufaka ezinhliziyweni zamalungu ezombangazwe ukuba ahlasele lesi sifebe esingokomfanekiso.d Cabanga ngendlela okuyobonakala ngayo ‘kwabakhethiweyo’ bakaNkulunkulu nabangane babo, “isixuku esikhulu.” Njengoba lokhu kuhlaselwa kwenkolo kuqhubeka, kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyoqeda zonke izinhlangano zenkolo, kuhlanganise nabantu bakaJehova.

18. Kungani kungase kubonakale sengathi akukho “nyama” eyosindiswa phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yosizi olukhulu?

¹⁸ Yilesi-ke isikhathi lapho amazwi kaJesu atholakala kuMathewu 24:22 eyogcwaliseka khona ngezinga elikhulu. Njengoba abakhethiweyo eJerusalema babebonakala besengozini, izinceku zikaJehova zingase zibonakale zisengozini yokuqothulwa phakathi nokuhlaselwa kwenkolo, njengokungathi lokho kuhlasela kuyoqeda yonke ‘inyama’ engabantu bakaNkulunkulu. Nokho, masikhumbule okwenzeka emuva ngo-66 C.E. Usizi olwabangelwa amaRoma lwafinyezwa, kwanikeza abakhethiweyo bakaNkulunkulu abagcotshiwe ithuba elikhulu lokubaleka ukuze baqhubeke bephila. Ngakho, singaqiniseka ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwenkolo okubhubhisayo ngeke kuvunyelwe ukuba kubulale ibandla lembulunga yonke labakhulekeli beqiniso. Kuyoqhubeka ngokushesha, njengokungathi “ngalusuku lunye.” Nokho, ngandlela-thile kuyofinyezwa, ngeke kuvunyelwe ukuba kufeze injongo yakho ngokuphelele, ukuze abantu bakaNkulunkulu ‘basinde.’—IsAmbulo 18:8.

19. (a) Ngemva kwengxenye yokuqala yosizi olukhulu, yini eyoba sobala? (b) Lokhu kuyoholelaphi?

¹⁹ Ngemva kwalokho amanye amalungu enhlangano kaSathane uDeveli yasemhlabeni ayoqhubeka isikhathi esithile, elilela ukulahleka kokusebenzelana neshende lawo elikhulu elingokwenkolo. (IsAmbulo 18:9-19) Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ayoqaphela ukuthi izinceku zikaNkulunkulu weqiniso zisele, ‘zilondekile, zonke zihleli zingenalugange’ futhi zibonakala ziyizisulu. Yeka ukumangala ayokuthola! Esabela ekuhlaselweni kwezinceku zakhe okungokoqobo noma kokuzisongela, uNkulunkulu uyokuma ahlulele izitha zakhe engxenyeni yokugcina yosizi olukhulu.—Hezekeli 38:10-12, 14, 18-23.

20. Kungani isigaba sesibili sosizi olukhulu singeke sibeke abantu bakaNkulunkulu engozini?

²⁰ Lengxenye yesibili yosizi olukhulu iyofuza lokho okwenzeka eJerusalema nasezakhamuzini zalo ekuhlaseleni kwesibili kwamaRoma ngo-70 C.E. Kuyoba “usizi olukhulu olungakaze lwenzeke kusukela ekuqaleni kwezwe kuze kube [yileso sikhathi], cha, futhi olungasayikuphinde lwenzeke.” (Mathewu 24:21) Nokho, singaqiniseka ukuthi abakhethiweyo bakaNkulunkulu nabangane babo ngeke babe sendaweni eyingozi, babe sengozini yokubulawa. Cha, bayobe bengabalekelanga endaweni ethile eyodwa. AmaKristu ekhulu lokuqala aseJerusalema ayengabaleka kulowo muzi aye endaweni esezintabeni, njengasePella ngaphesheya kweJordani. Nokho, esikhathini esizayo oFakazi abathembekile bakaNkulunkulu bayobe besembulungeni yonke, ngakho ukuphepha nokuvikeleka ngeke kuxhomeke ekubeni sendaweni ethile.

21. Obani abayobe belwa empini yokugcina, futhi kube namuphi umphumela?

²¹ Ukubhubhisa ngeke kwenziwe amabutho amaRoma noma nanoma iyiphi inhlangano yabantu. Kunalokho, incwadi yesAmbulo ichaza amabutho ayobe ebulala njengavela ezulwini. Yebo, leyo ngxenye yokugcina yosizi olukhulu ayiyikulethwa yinoma iliphi ibutho elingabantu, kodwa iyolethwa “ULizwi KaNkulunkulu,” iNkosi uJesu Kristu, esizwa ‘amabutho asezulwini,’ kuhlanganise namaKristu agcotshiwe avusiwe. “INkosi yamakhosi noMbusi wababusi” iyobulala icoboshisise kunokuba kwenza amaRoma ngo-70 C.E. Kuyosuswa bonke abaphikisi bakaNkulunkulu abangabantu—amakhosi, abaphathi bamabutho, abakhululekileyo nezigqila, abancane nabakhulu. Ngisho nezinhlangano zabantu zezwe likaSathane ziyofika ekupheleni kwazo.—IsAmbulo 2:26, 27; 17:14; 19:11-21; 1 Johane 5:19.

22. Kungamuphi omunye umqondo ‘inyama’ iyosinda?

²² Khumbula ukuthi ‘inyama,’ kokubili eyensali egcotshiwe ‘neyesixuku esikhulu,’ iyobe seyasinda kakade lapho kubhujiswa iBabiloni Elikhulu ngokushesha nangokuphelele engxenyeni yokuqala yosizi. Ngokufanayo engxenyeni yokugcina yosizi, ‘inyama’ eyobe ibalekele ohlangothini lukaJehova iyosinda. Yeka indlela lokhu okuyohluka ngayo emphumeleni owatholwa amaJuda ayizihlubuki ngo-70 C.E.!

23. Yini ‘inyama’ eyobe isindile engayilindela ngokulangazela?

²³ Ucabanga ngamathuba ekusasa lakho siqu nelabathandekayo bakho, phawula lokho okuthenjiswe kusAmbulo 7:16, 17: “Ngeke besalamba noma bome futhi, nelanga nanoma yikuphi ukushisa okuhangulayo ngeke kusabashisa, ngoba iWundlu, eliphakathi kwesihlalo sobukhosi, liyobelusa, futhi liyobaqondisa emithonjeni yamanzi okuphila. Futhi uNkulunkulu uyosula zonke izinyembezi emehlweni abo.” Ngokuqinisekile, lokho kuyoba ‘ukusindiswa’ ngomqondo omuhle kakhulu, nohlala njalo.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

Ungaphendula Kanjani?

◻ Ukuhlasela kwebutho lamaRoma iJerusalema kwaba naziphi izigaba ezimbili?

◻ Kungani kungenakwenzeka ukuthi amaJuda angu-97 000 asinda ngo-70 C.E. ‘ayeyinyama’ okukhulunywa ngayo kuMathewu 24:22?

◻ Izinsuku zosizi lweJerusalema zafinyezwa kanjani, futhi ngalokho yasinda kanjani ‘inyama’?

◻ Osizini olukhulu olusondelayo, izinsuku ziyofinyezwa kanjani futhi ‘inyama’ iyosindiswa kanjani?

[Isithombe ekhasini 16]

Uhlamvu lwemali lwamaJuda olwenziwa ngemva kokuvukela. Izinhlamvu zesiHeberu zithi “UNyaka wesibili,” okusho u-67 C.E., unyaka wesibili wokuzibusa kwawo

[Umthombo]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Isithombe ekhasini 17]

Uhlamvu lwamaRoma olwenziwa ngo-71 C.E. Kwesobunxele kunomRoma ohlomile; ngakwesokudla kunomJudakazi olilayo. Amagama athi “IVDAEA CAPTA” asho ukuthi “IJudiya Elithunjiweyo”

[Umthombo]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.