Kungani Kufanele Sifune Iqiniso?

IZINHLANGANO eziningi ezingokwenkolo zithi zineqiniso, futhi zilinikeza abanye ngentshiseko. Nokho, phakathi kwawo zinikeza “amaqiniso” amaningi akhungathekisayo. Ingabe lokhu kumane kungobunye ubufakazi bokuthi wonke amaqiniso ayindaba yokuzinqumela, ukuthi awekho amaqiniso aphelele? Cha.

Encwadini yakhe ethi The Art of Thinking, uProfesa V. R. Ruggiero uzwakalisa ukumangala ngokuthi ngisho nabantu abakhaliphile ngezinye izikhathi bathi iqiniso liyindaba yokuzinqumela. Uthi: “Uma wonke umuntu ezinqumela okuyiqiniso kuye siqu, khona-ke awukho umbono womuntu ongaba ngcono kunowomunye. Yonke kumelwe ilingane. Futhi uma yonke imibono ilingana, siyini isizathu sokucwaninga nganoma iyiphi indaba? Kungani sivubukula ukuze sithole izimpendulo zemibuzo ephathelene nesayensi yemivubukulo? Kungani sihlolisisa izimbangela zokucindezeleka eMpumalanga Ephakathi? Kungani sifuna ikhambi lokwelapha umdlavuza? Kungani sihlola umthala? Lemisebenzi inengqondo kuphela uma izimpendulo ezithile zingcono kunezinye, uma iqiniso lingokuthile okuhlukile, futhi okungenakuthonywa ukucabanga komuntu.”

Eqinisweni, akekho okholelwa ngempela ukuthi alikho iqiniso. Lapho kuziwa emaqinisweni ezinto ezingokoqobo, njengemithi yokwelapha, isayensi yezibalo, noma imithetho yesayensi yemvelo, ngisho nomuntu oshisekela inkolelo yokuzinqumela ukubedlula bonke abanye uyokholelwa ukuthi ezinye izinto ziyiqiniso. Obani kithi ababengalokotha bahambe ngendiza uma besingazange sicabange ukuthi imithetho yama-aerodynamic iyiqiniso eliphelele? Amaqiniso angenakungatshazwa akhona; asizungezile, futhi sisekela ukuphila kwethu kuwo.

Inkokhelo Yokuzinqumela

Nokho, amaphutha okuzinqumela asobala kakhulu endabeni yokuziphatha ngoba yilapha lapho ukucabanga okunjalo kubangele khona ukulimala okukhulu. I-Encyclopedia Americana iveza leli phuzu: “Ukuthi umuntu angalufinyelela yini ulwazi, noma iqiniso elaziwayo, kuye kwangatshazwa ngokungathi sína . . . Nokho, kungokuqinisekile ukuthi lapho lemiqondo efanayo yeqiniso nolwazi yenqatshwa njengengeyona engokoqobo noma elimazayo, umphakathi wesintu uyawohloka.”

Mhlawumbe usukubonile ukuwohloka okunjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, izimfundiso zeBhayibheli zokuziphatha, ezisho ngokusobala ukuthi ukuziphatha okubi kobulili akulungile, azisabhekwa njengamaqiniso. Izimiso zokuhle—“zinqumele lokho okulungile kuwe”—kuwumbono ovamile. Ukhona yini ongasho ukuthi ukuwohloka kwezenhlalo akuwona umphumela walombono wokuzinqumela? Ngokuqinisekile imishayabhuqe yezifo ezithathelwana ngokobulili, imikhaya ewohlokayo, nokukhulelwa kwabeve eshumini nambili kuwubufakazi balokhu.

Liyini Iqiniso?

Ngakho ake sishiye amanzi adungekile okuzinqumela futhi sihlole kafushane lokho iBhayibheli elikuchaza ngokuthi amanzi amsulwa eqiniso. (Johane 4:14; IsAmbulo 22:17) EBhayibhelini, “iqiniso” alifani neze nomqondo ongenabufakazi obuphathekayo, ongaqondakali izazi zefilosofi eziphikisana ngawo.

Lapho uJesu ethi okuyiyona njongo yakhe ekuphileni kwakuwukukhuluma ngeqiniso, wayekhuluma ngokuthile amaJuda athembekile ayekwazisa amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Emibhalweni yawo engcwele, kwase kuyisikhathi eside amaJuda efunde ‘ngeqiniso’ njengokuthile okuqinisekile, hhayi into ecatshangelwayo. EBhayibhelini, elithi “iqiniso” lihunyushwe egameni lesiHeberu elithi “ʼemethʹ,” elisho ukuqina, futhi, mhlawumbe okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukwethenjelwa.

AmaJuda ayenesizathu esihle sokubheka iqiniso ngaleyo ndlela. Ayebiza uNkulunkulu wawo, uJehova ngokuthi “uNkulunkulu weqiniso.” (IHubo 31:5, NW) Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi konke uJehova ayethe uzokwenza, wayekwenza. Lapho enza izithembiso, wayezigcina. Lapho ephefumulela iziprofetho, zazigcwaliseka. Lapho ekhuluma ngezahlulelo zokugcina, zazifezwa. Izigidi zama-Israyeli zazingofakazi bokuzibonela balamaqiniso. Abalobi beBhayibheli abaphefumulelwe bawabhala njengamaqiniso omlando angenakungatshazwa. Ngokungafani nezinye izincwadi ezibhekwa njengezingcwele, iBhayibheli alisekelwe ezinganekwaneni. Lisekelwe ngokuqinile emaqinisweni angenakungatshazwa—angokomlando, emivubukulo, angokwesayensi, nangokwezenhlalo. Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi umhubi uthi ngoJehova: “Umthetho wakho uyiqiniso. . . . Imiyalo yakho yonke iyiqiniso. . . . Amazwi akho onke ayiqiniso”!—IHubo 119:142, 151, 160.

UJesu Kristu wananela amazwi alowo mhubi lapho ekhuluma noJehova emthandazweni ethi: “Izwi lakho liyiqiniso.” (Johane 17:17) UJesu wayazi ukuthi konke uYise ayekukhuluma kwakuqiniseke ngokuphelele futhi kunokwethenjelwa. Ngokufanayo, uJesu ‘wayegcwele iqiniso.’ (Johane 1:14) Abalandeli bakhe bafunda njengofakazi bokuzibonela, futhi babhalela zonke izizukulwane, ukuthi konke akusho kwakunokwethenjelwa, kuyiqiniso.a

Nokho, lapho uJesu etshela uPilatu ukuthi wayezele ukuzokhuluma iqiniso emhlabeni, wayecabanga ngeqiniso elithile. UJesu wakhuluma ngaleyo ndlela esabela embuzweni kaPilatu: “Ingabe uyinkosi?” (Johane 18:37) UMbuso kaNkulunkulu, nendima kaJesu ngokwakhe njengeNkosi yawo, kwakuyiso kanye isihloko, umongo wokufundisa kwakhe lapho esemhlabeni. (Luka 4:43) Ukuthi loMbuso uyongcwelisa igama likaJehova, ulwele ubukhosi bakhe, futhi ubuyisele isintu esikholekile ekuphileni okungunaphakade nokujabulisayo ‘kuyiqiniso’ wonke amaKristu aqotho anethemba kulo. Njengoba indima kaJesu ekugcwalisekeni kwazo zonke izithembiso zikaNkulunkulu ibaluleke kangaka, futhi njengoba zonke iziprofetho zikaNkulunkulu ziba ‘u-Amen,’ noma iqiniso, ngenxa yakhe, uJesu wayengase asho ngokufanelekile ukuthi: “Mina ngiyindlela neqiniso nokuphila.”—Johane 14:6; 2 Korinte 1:20; IsAmbulo 3:14.

Ukuqaphela leli qiniso njengelinokwethenjelwa ngokuphelele kunengqondo kakhulu kumaKristu namuhla. Kusho ukuthi ukholo lwawo kuNkulunkulu nethemba lawo ezithembisweni zakhe kusekelwe emaqinisweni, ezintweni ezingokoqobo.

Ukusebenza Kweqiniso

Akumangalisi ukuthi iBhayibheli lihlanganisa iqiniso nesenzo. (1 Samuweli 12:24; 1 Johane 3:18) KumaJuda ayesaba uNkulunkulu, iqiniso lalingeyona indaba yefilosofi; laliyindlela yokuphila. Igama lesiHeberu elisho “iqiniso” lingabuye lisho “ukukholeka” futhi lalisetshenziselwa ukuchaza umuntu ongase athenjwe ukuthi uyoligcina izwi lakhe. UJesu wafundisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba babheke iqiniso ngombono ofanayo. Wadalula ngesibindi ubuzenzisi babaFarisi, igebe elikhulu phakathi kwamazwi abo okuzenza abalungile nezenzo zabo zokungalungi. Futhi wabeka isibonelo sokuphila ngamaqiniso ayewafundisa.

Ngakho kufanele kube njalo ngabo bonke abalandeli bakaKristu. Kubona, iqiniso leZwi likaNkulunkulu, izindaba ezinhle ezijabulisayo zoMbuso kaNkulunkulu ngaphansi kokubusa kukaJesu Kristu, kungaphezulu kakhulu kokwaziswa okuvamile nje. Lelo qiniso libashukumisela esenzweni, libashukumisela ukuba baphile ngalo futhi balihlanganyele nabanye. (Qhathanisa noJeremiya 20:9.) Ebandleni lamaKristu ekhulu lokuqala, indlela yokuphila ayamukela njengabalandeli bakaKristu ngezinye izikhathi yayimane yaziwa ‘njengeqiniso’ noma “indlela yeqiniso.”—2 Johane 4; 3 Johane 4, 8; 2 Petru 2:2.

Igugu Elifanelwe Yinoma Iliphi Inani

Kuyavunywa, ukwamukela amaqiniso eZwi likaNkulunkulu kuyinani elithile. Okokuqala, ukufunda nje iqiniso kungaba okuhlangenwe nakho okushaqisayo. I-Encyclopedia Americana iyaphawula: “Ngokuvamile iqiniso alimnandi, ngenxa yokuthi liyehluleka ukusekela ubandlululo noma inganekwane.” Kungadumaza ukubona izinkolelo zethu zidalulwa njengezingelona iqiniso, ikakhulukazi uma siye safundiswa abaholi benkolo abathenjwayo. Abanye bangase bafanise lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho nokuthola ukuthi abazali abathenjwayo bayizigebengu zangasese. Kodwa akungcono yini ukuthola iqiniso elingokwenkolo kunokuphila ngokukhohliseka? Akungcono yini ukwazi amaqiniso kunokukhohliswa ngamanga?b—Qhathanisa noJohane 8:32; Roma 3:4.

Okwesibili, ukuphila ngeqiniso elingokwenkolo kungasilahlekisela ukwamukelwa ngabathile ababengabangane bethu. Ezweni lapho abantu abaningi beye ‘benana iqiniso likaNkulunkulu ngamanga,’ labo ababambelela ngokuqinile eqinisweni leZwi likaNkulunkulu babonakala bengajwayelekile futhi ngezinye izikhathi bayashalazelwa futhi abaqondwa kahle.—Roma 1:25; 1 Petru 4:4.

Kodwa iqiniso lifanelwe ilelinani elikabili. Ukwazi iqiniso kusikhulula emangeni, ukukhohliswa, nezinkolelo-ze. Futhi lapho siphila ngalo, iqiniso liyasiqinisa ukuba sikhuthazelele ubunzima. Iqiniso likaNkulunkulu linokwethenjelwa futhi linesisekelo, futhi lisenza sibe nethemba, kangangokuthi lisenza sikwazi ukuma siqinile ngaphansi kwanoma iluphi uvivinyo. Akumangalisi ukuthi umphostoli uPawulu wafanisa iqiniso nebhande lesikhumba eliqinile, elibanzi, noma okokubhinca, okwakugqokwa amasosha empini!—Efesu 6:13, 14.

Isaga seBhayibheli sithi: “Thenga iqiniso, ungathengisi ngalo, nokuhlakanipha, nokulaywa, nokuqonda.” (IzAga 23:23) Ukulenqaba njengeliyindaba yokuzinqumela noma elingekho kuwukulahlekelwa ekufuneni okujabulisayo nokwanelisa kakhulu ukuphila okukunikezayo. Ukulithola kuwukuthola ithemba; ukulazi nokulithanda kuwukwazi nokuthanda uMdali wendawo yonke neNdodana yakhe ezelwe yodwa; ukuphila ngalo kuwukuphila ngenjongo nokuthula kwengqondo, manje naphakade.—IzAga 2:1-5; Zakariya 8:19; Johane 17:3.

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Ingabe Iqiniso Like Lishintshe?

LOWOMBUZO waphakanyiswa uV. R. Ruggiero encwadini yakhe ethi The Art of Thinking. Impendulo yakhe ingucha. Uyacacisa: “Kungase kubonakale kunjalo ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa liyotholakala lingenjalo.”

“Cabanga,” esho, “ngendaba yokulotshwa kwencwadi yokuqala yeBhayibheli, incwadi kaGenesise. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka amaKristu namaJuda ngokufanayo ayekholelwa ukuthi lencwadi yalotshwa umuntu oyedwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lombono wabekelwa inselele, futhi ekugcineni wathathelwa indawo inkolelo yokuthi abalobi abangaba bahlanu baba neqhaza encwadini kaGenesise. Khona-ke, ngo-1981, kwakhishwa imiphumela yokucutshungulwa kolimi olusetshenziswe kuGenesise okwathatha iminyaka emihlanu, ibonisa ukuthi kunamaphesenti angu-82 okuba nokwenzeka kokuba nomlobi oyedwa, njengoba kwakucatshangwa kanjalo ekuqaleni.

“Ingabe iqiniso eliphathelene nokulotshwa kukaGenesise liye lashintsha? Cha. Kushintshe inkolelo yethu kuphela. . . . Iqiniso alisoze lashintshwa ulwazi lwethu noma ukunganaki kwethu.”

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Ukuhlonipha Iqiniso

“UKUHLONIPHA iqiniso akukhona nje ukungethembi muntu okukhohlisayo kwenkathi yethu okuzama ‘ukudalula’ yonke into, ngenkolelo yokuthi akukho muntu futhi akukho lutho olungazisholo ukuthi luneqiniso. Kuyisimo sengqondo esihlanganisa ithemba elijabulisayo lokuthi iqiniso lingatholakala ngempela, okuhambisana nokuzithoba eqinisweni noma nini noma kuphi lapho livela. Isimo esinjalo sengqondo esivulekele eqinisweni siyadingeka kulabo abakhulekela uNkulunkulu weqiniso; kuyilapho ukuhlonipha iqiniso okufanele kuqinisekisa ukwethembeka ekusebenzelaneni komuntu nomakhelwane wakhe, kokubili ngezwi nangezenzo. Lesi isimo sengqondo esisibonile, esifakazelwa yikho kokubili iT[estamente] E[lidala] neT[estamente] E[lisha].”—The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, Umqulu 3, ikhasi 901.

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Intuthuko engokwesayensi isekelwe ekwambulweni kwamaqiniso angokwesayensi

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Iqiniso lihlanganisa uMbuso nezibusiso zawo