Ukusiza Abantu Ukuba Bafunde

ZINGOBANI lezizigidi ezingakwazi ukufunda noma ukubhala? Ngokuvamile ziyizakhamuzi ezithembekile, ezizikhandlayo. Emazweni asathuthuka, zilungiselelela iningi lesintu ukudla, izembatho, nendawo yokuhlala. Emazweni athuthukile, zenza umsebenzi okungekho muntu ofuna ukuwenza—imisebenzi ekhathazayo, eyisicefe, nephansi, kodwa ebalulekile emphakathini.

Ngokuvamile, ukuntuleka kwamathuba yikona okubangela ukuba abantu bangawafundi kahle amakhono okufunda nokubhala. Njengeqembu, abantu abangafundile abazona iziwula, abangazi lutho, noma abayizehluleki. “Anginabo ubunzima bokucabanga,” kusho omunye umfundi ovamile. “Inkinga yami iwukufunda kuphela.”

Ukuntuleka Kwamathuba

Kwabaningi, ukuba ongafundile kuhlobene nobumpofu. Emkhayeni, ubumpofu busho ukuthi abantu bakhathalela kakhulu ukuthola ukudla okuya esiswini kunokuthola imfundo. Lapho kudingeka ukuba izingane zisebenze ekhaya, aziyi esikoleni. Eziningi eziyayo aziqhubeki nemfundo.

Ubumpofu bulimaza umphakathi futhi. Amazwe asathuthuka akweleta amazwe angaphandle imali eningi aphoqelekile ukuba anciphise imali esetshenziselwa imfundo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Afrika, ingqikithi yemali eyayisetshenziselwa imfundo yancishiswa ngamaphesenti acishe abe ngu-30 phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yawo-1980. Nakuba amazwe acebile esebenzisa imali engaphezu kuka-$6 000 (R19 000) ngonyaka enganeni ngayinye efunda esikoleni, amanye amazwe ampofu e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia asebenzisa imali engu-$2 (R6) kuphela. Umphumela uba izikole kanye nothisha abambalwa kakhulu nezingane eziningi ngokweqile emakilasini.

Impi nombango nakho kuyanezela ekubeni kwabantu abangafundile. I-United Nations Children’s Fund ilinganisela ukuthi izingane eziyizigidi eziyisikhombisa ziphila osizini emakamu ababaleki, lapho ngokuvamile amalungiselelo emfundo enganele khona. Kwelinye izwe lase-Afrika, izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-1,2 ezineminyaka engaphansi kuka-15 bezingafundi ngenxa yempi yombango ebangela usizi.

Labo abangalitholi ithuba ebuntwaneni ngezinye izikhathi bathola ithuba lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala kamuva ekuphileni, kodwa akubona bonke abanomuzwa wokuthi kuwufanele umzamo. Ikhuluma ngomuntu ongafundile wasemaphandleni, incwadi ethi Adult Education for Developing Countries ithi: “Ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhethekile, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba umuntu omdala oye waphumelela ngaphandle kokufunda nokubhala abe nesifiso esivuthayo sokwenza kanjalo. . . . Nakuba bekungaba iphutha ngokuphelele ukuphetha ngokuthi weneliseke ngokugcwele ngesimo sakhe, angase angakhathazeki ngokwanele ukuba afune ukuzikhandla ukuze asishintshe.”

Nokho, abaningi banaso isifiso esinamandla sokuzithuthukisa. Yiqiniso, izisusa ziyehlukahluka. Abanye bamane bafuna ukuthuthukisa imfundo yabo nomuzwa wokubaluleka. Abanye bashukunyiswa izizathu ezingokwezimali. Abangasebenzi bacabanga ukuthi ukuba ofundile kuyobasiza ukuba bathole umsebenzi; abasebenzayo bangase bafune umsebenzi ongcono.

Beqaphela ukuhlobana okuseduze phakathi kokuba ofundile nentuthuko esimweni somuntu ngamunye nasemphakathini, ohulumeni nezinhlangano baye basungula izimiso zokufundisa abantu abadala ukufunda nokubhala. Kuwumsebenzi oyinselele odinga ububele kothisha kanye nokuqonda izici eziyingqayizivele zomfundi ongumuntu omdala.

Isimo Somfundi Ongumuntu Omdala

Abafundisa abantu abadala kufanele baqaphele umehluko phakathi kwabafundi abangabantu abadala nabafundi abayizingane. Ubuntu, imikhuba, isimo sengqondo, nezithakazelo kugxile kakhulu kubantu abadala kunasezinganeni, okwenza umuntu omdala aqine ngokwengeziwe futhi angalwamukeli kalula ushintsho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abadala banokuhlangenwe nakho okucebile abangakhela kukho futhi bakwazi kangcono ukwenza amaqiniso nemibono enengqondo engase idide intsha. Ngokuvamile abanaso isikhathi esiningi esikhululekile njengezingane. Omunye umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abafundi abangabantu abadala, ngokungafani nezingane, banenkululeko yokunqamula imfundo yabo nganoma isiphi isikhathi.

Abantu abadala abaningi abangafundile banamakhono ayingqayizivele futhi baye baphumelela ezicini ezithile zokuphila; bamane nje abakawathuthukisi amakhono okufunda nokubhala. Kudingeka ukuba uthisha abakhuthaze basebenzise ukuvumelana nezimo, ikhono lokusungula, nokukhuthazela abaye bakubonisa kwezinye izici zokuphila.

Kudingeka isibindi ngomuntu ongafundile ukuqaphela izidingo zakhe futhi acele usizo. Nakuba izimo nabantu kuhlukahluka, abantu abaningi abadala bangenela ukuqeqeshelwa imfundo benovalo nokungazethembi. Abanye bangase babe nomlando omude wokuhluleka kwezemfundo. Abanye bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi badala kakhulu ukuba bafunde izinto ezintsha. “Kunzima ukufunda ukwenza okuthile okusha lapho usugugile,” kusho isaga saseNigeria.

Othisha bangakha ukuzethemba futhi balondoloze isithakazelo ngokusheshe baqaphele futhi batuse intuthuko. Izifundo kufanele zihlelwe kahle ukuze kuncishiswe ubunzima bokufunda futhi kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelelwa kwemigomo yokufunda okuphumelela ngokuphindaphindiwe. Incwadi ethi Educating the Adult ithi: “Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuphumelela cishe kuyisici esisodwa esikhulu kakhulu esishukumisa ngokuqhubekayo.”

Ngokuvamile abantu abadala bayakwazi abakufunayo kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezemfundo futhi bafisa ukubona intuthuko esheshayo yokufinyelela imigomo yabo. Omunye uprofesa wemfundo yabantu abadala e-Afrika wathi: “Bafuna ukungena ekilasini, bafunde abafuna ukukwazi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, bese bephuma.”

Ngezinye izikhathi umfundi uzibekela imigomo engaphezu kwamandla akhe. Zisuka nje uthisha kufanele asize umfundi abeke imigomo elinganiselwe, yesikhathi esifushane bese esiza umfundi ukuba ayifinyelele. Ngokwesibonelo, ake sithi umKristu ubhalisa ekilasini lezifundo ngoba efuna ukufunda ukufunda iBhayibheli nezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Lena imigomo yesikhathi eside. Lapho eyisebenzela, uthisha angakhuthaza umfundi ukuba abeke imigomo elinganiselwe, njengokukwazi ukufunda izinhlamvu zolimi, ukuthola nokufunda imibhalo ekhethiwe, nokufunda izincwadi zeBhayibheli ezilula. Ukufinyelela imigomo njalo kulondoloza isisusa futhi kushukumisa umfundi ukuba aqhubeke efunda.

Othisha abaphumelelayo bangafeza okukhulu ekushukumiseni isisusa ngokukhuthaza nokutusa abafundi babo nangokubasiza ukuba bafinyelele imigomo engokoqobo, efinyelelekayo. Nokho, ukuze bathuthuke, abantu abadala akufanele balindele ukufunzwa. Kudingeka bazimisele ukusingatha umthwalo wemfanelo ngemfundo yabo futhi bazikhandle ekufundeni. Ngokwenza kanjalo, bayofunda ukufunda nokubhala, futhi lamakhono ayoshintsha ukuphila kwabo.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 6]

Iziqondiso Zokufundisa Abantu Abadala Ukufunda Nokubhala

1. Kubalulekile ukushukumisa isisusa kumfundi. Kusukela ekuqaleni, gcizelela izinzuzo zokufunda ukuzifundela nokubhala, futhi ukhuthaze umfundi ukuba abeke imigomo yesikhathi eside nesikhathi esifushane.

2. Ukuze athuthuke umfundi kufanele afundiswe kaningana ngesonto. Ukufunda kanye ngesonto akwanele. Umfundi kufanele enze umsebenzi wesikole phakathi nezifundo.

3. Ungafuni ngokweqile noma ukhungathekise umfundi ngokwaziswa okuningi kakhulu esifundweni esisodwa. Lokhu kungamdumaza futhi kumenze ayeke ukufunda.

4. Khuthaza futhi ugcine umbono oqondile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Amakhono okufunda nokubhala athuthukiswa ngezinyathelo ezincane, ezilandelanayo. Umfundi kufanele aneliswe intuthuko yakhe.

5. Khuthaza umfundi ukuba asebenzise akufundayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ekuphileni kwakhe kwansuku zonke.

6. Ungachithi isikhathi ngezinto ezingadingekile. Abantu abadala bangabantu abamatasa. Sebenzisa izikhathi zezifundo ngokugcwele ukuze ufundise okubalulekile.

7. Hlonipha umfundi ngaso sonke isikhathi, umnikeze udumo olumfanele. Ungamphoxi noma umlulaze.

8. Phaphamela ukuqaphela izinkinga zomuntu ngamunye. Umfundi angase angakwazi ukufunda amagama amancane ngoba edinga izibuko zamehlo. Omunye angase angezwa kahle ngakho angase akuthole kunzima ukuzwa ukuphimisela okufanele.

9. Umfundi kufanele afunde izinhlamvu zamagama ezilotshiwe ngaphambi kokuzama ukubhala ahlanganise amagama. Kulula ukufunda nokuloba izinhlamvu ezilotshiwe, futhi lezinhlamvu zifana kakhulu nalezo ezisekhasini elinyathelisiwe.

10. Indlela enhle yokufundisa ukubhala izinhlamvu iwukuba umfundi abhalele phezu kwalezozinhlamvu. Angase abhalele phezu kohlamvu kaningana ngaphambi kokuba azame ukulukopisha.

11. Ngokuvamile kunentuthuko esheshayo ekufundeni kunasekubhaleni. Ungalibali ukuqala izifundo ezintsha zokufunda uma umfundi ehluleka ukwenza umsebenzi wesikole wokubhala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, khumbula ukuthi izinhlamvu ezintsha zifundeka futhi zikhumbuleke kalula uma umfundi eprakthiza ukuzibhala.

12. Nakuba umfundi ongumuntu omdala engase akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngezandla zakhe, ukubhala ngepeni noma ngomsizi kungase kube okuhlangenwe nakho okunzima nokukhungathekisayo kuye. Ungaphikeleli ngokufuna izinhlamvu ezibhalwe ngobunono.