Ekigambo Torah Nikimanyisa Ki?
Eky’okugarukamu kuruga omu Baibuli
Ekigambo eky’Orungereeza “Torah” kiruga omu kigambo eky’Oruheburaniya toh·rahʹ, ekisobora kuhindurwa kumanyisa “okwegesa,” “oburagirizi,” rundi “ekiragiro.”a (Enfumo 1:8; 3:1; 28:4) Ebyokurorraho ebirukuhonderaho nibyoleka omulingo ekigambo kinu eky’Oruheburaniya kikozesebwa omu Baibuli.
● Ekigambo Toh·rahʹ kikira kumanyisa ebitabu bitaano eby’okubanza omu Baibuli—ebi nibyo Okubanza, Okuruga, Ebyabalevi, Okubara, hamu na Ekyebiragiro. Ibara ly’ebitabu binu erindi nilyo Pentateuch, kuruga omu kigambo eky’Oruyonaani ekirukumanyisa “omuzingo ogw’ebitabu bitaano.” Torah ekahandiikwa Musa, nahabweki eyetwa “ekitabu ekyebiragiro bya Musa.” (Yosuha 8:31; Nehemiya 8:1) Nikizooka ngu ha kubanza kyali kihandiikirwe nk’ekitabu kimu baitu hanyuma kyabaganizibwamu nukwo kyanguhe kusomwa.
● Ekindi, ekigambo Toh·rahʹ kikozesebwa kumanyisa ebiragiro ebyahairwe Isaleri ha nsonga ezitali zimu, ekyokurarraho, “kiragiro [toh·rahʹ] ekyekihongwa ekyekibi,” “kiragiro ekyebigenge,” hamu ‘n’ekiragiro ekya Omunaziri.’—Ebyabalevi 6:25; 14:57; Okubara 6:13.
● Ekigambo Toh·rahʹ obwire obumu kimanyisa oburagirizi n’okwegesa, kabibe nibiruga hali abazaire, ab’amagazi, rundi Ruhanga wenyini.—Enfumo 1:8; 3:1; 13:14; Isaya 2:3.
Biki ebirukusangwa omu Torah, rundi Pentateuch?
● ebyafaayo ebirukwoleka enkoragana ya Ruhanga n’abantu kuruga ha kuhangwa kuhika ha kufa kwa Musa.—Okubanza 1:27, 28; Ekyebiragiro 34:5.
● Ebintu ebirukubazibwaho omu Biragiro bya Musa. (Okuruga 24:3) Omu Biragiro bya Musa harumu ebiragiro ebirukuhingura omu 600. Ebirukukirayo obukuru hali ebiragiro ebi nibyo, Shema, rundi ebiragiro ebirukukwata ha kwikiriza okw’Abayudaaya. Ekicweka kimu ekya Shema kigamba kiti: “Ogonzege [Yahwe] Ruhanga wawe, nomutima gwawe gwona, nobwomezi bwawe bwona, namani gawe gona.” (Ekyebiragiro 6:4-9) Yesu kinu akakibazaaho ‘nk’ekiragiro ekikuru ekirukubanza.’—Matayo 22:36-38.
● Harumu ibara lya Ruhanga Yahwe emirundi nka 1,800. Omu kiikaro ky’okutanga kukozesa ibara lya Ruhanga, omu Torah harumu ebiragiro ebyayetaagisaaga abantu ba Ruhanga kwatura ibara lye.—Okubara 6:22-27; Ekyebiragiro 6:13; 10:8; 21:5.
Ebisuba ebirukukwata ha Torah
Ekisuba: Ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah tibihwaho, kandi titusemeriire kubinagiriza.
Amananu: Empindura za Baibuli ezimu zibazaaho ebiragiro ebimu ebiri omu Torah—otwaliiremu n’ebi ebirukukwata ha Sabbiti, obwanyakatagara, hamu n’Ekiro Ekyokulihirra —“nk’ebitahinduka” rundi “nk’ebitahwaho.” (Okuruga 31:16; 40:15; Ebyabalevi 16:33, 34) Baitu, ekigambo eky’Oruyonaani ekikozesebwa omu nkarra zinu, nikisobora n’okumanyisa akasumi akaraihire muno, hatali ebiro n’ebiro.b Hanyuma y’Ebiragiro bya Musa kumara emyaka nka 900 nibikyahonderwa, Ruhanga akaranga ngu omu kiikaro kyabyo akaba naija kugarramu “ekiragano ekihyaka.” (Yeremiya 31:31-33) ‘[Obuyagambire] ati ‘ekiragano ekihyaka’ buli [Ruhanga asalizeemu] ekyokubanza.’ (Abaheburaniya 8:7-13) Kikasalizibwamu kandi hatekwaho ekihyaka emyaka nka 2,000 enyuma obu nikisigikirra ha kufa kwa Yesu Kristo.—Abefeso 2:15.
Ekisuba: Emigenzo ey’Abayudaaya hamu n’ebiragiro byabo ebirukukwata ha bwecumi biine amaani agarukwingaingana n’ag’ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah.
Amananu: Busaho obwakaiso bwona omu byahandiikirwe oburukwoleka ngu Ruhanga akagambira Musa ebiragiro eby’abantu kwongerra hali ebi ebyali bihandiikirwe omu Torah. Kwahukanaho n’eki, Baibuli egamba eti: ‘Yahwe yagambira Musa ati Iwe ohandike ebigambo binu.’ (Okuruga 34:27) Ebiragiro eby’abantu, hanyuma ebyatairwe omu buhankiiki kandi byamanywa nka Mishnah kandi hanyuma babigalihya baabiteeka omu Talmud, nibitwarramu emigenzo ey’Abayudaaya eyatandikisiibwe Abafalisaayo. Ebiragiro binu tibikira kuhikaana n’ebi ebirukusangwa omu Torah. Egi niyo ensonga habwaki Yesu yagambiire Abafalisaayo ati: “Mukaihaho ekigambo kya Ruhaga obwengeso zanyu ezimwahairwe.”—Matayo 15:1-9.
Ekisuba: Abakazi tibasemeriire kwegesebwa ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah.
Amananu: Ebiragiro bya Musa byali birumu ekiragiro ekirukugamba ngu Ebiragiro bya Musa byona bisemeriire kusomerwa abantu boona aba Isaleri, otwaliremu abakazi n’abaana. Habwaki? Nukwo “Bahurre, bege, batine [Yahwe] Ruhanga wabo, bakwate bakole ebigambo byona ebyebiragiro.”—Ekyebiragiro 31:10-12.c
Ekisuba: Ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah birumu obutumwa obutanguhire kwetegerezebwa.
Amananu: Musa, ayahandiikire ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah, akagamba ngu obutumwa oburukusangwa omu Torah nibwetegerezebwa kurungi, buli omu nasobora kubutunga, kandi tibugumire kuzoorwa. (Ekyebiragiro 30:11-14) Enyegesa ey’erukugamba ngu omu Torah harumu obutumwa obutanguhire kwetegereza ekarugirra omu Kabbalah, rundi emigenzo ey’Abayudaaya nambere baakozesaaga “amasano” kwetegereza Ebyahandiikirwe.d—2 Petero 1:16.
[OBUGAMBO OBULI HANSI]
a Rora Ekitabu Ekihindwirwemu ekya The Strongest Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, entry 8451 omu kicweka “Hebrew-Aramaic Dictionary-Index to the Old Testament.”
b Rora ekitabu ekirukwetwa Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, Omuzingo 2, orupapura 672-673.
c Kwahukanaho n’ekintu ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah byegesa, emigenzo ey’Abayudaaya yatangaga abakazi kwega ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah. Ekyokurorraho, ekitabu kya Mishnah kibazaaho ebigambo bya Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus ebirukugamba ngu: “Omuntu wena ayegesa muhara we ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah, asisana nk’ow’arukumwegesa eby’obuseegu.” (Sotah 3:4) Ekitabu kya Jerusalem Talmud kirumu ebigambo bye ebirukugamba biti: “Hakire ebigambo ebirukusangwa omu kitabu kya Torah byokebwe n’omurro omu kiikaro ky’okubyegesa abakazi.”—Sotah 3:19a.
d Ekyokurorraho, ekitabu ekya Encyclopaedia Judaica kibazaaho enyehurra ya Kabbalah hali ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah kiti: “Ebiragiro ebirukusangwa omu Torah tibiine ekintu kyona ekyembaganiza ekibirukwegesa, oihireho birumu ebintu bingi muno eby’embaganiza kandi ebirukwahukana.”—Empindura eyakabiri, Omuzingo 11, orupapura 659.