Huldrych Zwingli Akatsvaga Chokwadi cheBhaibheri

Mazuva ano, vanhu vakawanda vane chido chekunamata zvepachokwadi vanogona kuongorora kana zvavanotenda zvichibva muBhaibheri kana kuti kwete. Asi zvakanga zvisina kudaro pakatanga makore ekuma1500. Nei tichidaro? Nekuti vanhu vakawanda vakanga vasina maBhaibheri mumitauro yavo. Saka vanhu vakawanda vakanga vasingakwanisi kuenzanisa zvaidzidziswa nechechi nezvinodzidziswa neBhaibheri. Uyewo vakuru vechechi vaisakwanisa kubatsira vanhu. Bhuku rinotaura nezvenhoroondo yechechi yechiKristu rinonzi History of the Christian Church rinoti: “Zvinhu zvakanga zvisisina kumira zvakanaka muChechi yemuSwitzerland. Vakuru vechechi vakanga vasina ruzivo, vaitenda mashura, uye vaisazvibata.”

Panguva iyoyo ndipo pakatanga Huldrych Zwingli kutsvaga chokwadi cheBhaibheri. Zvii zvaakawana? Akaudza sei vamwe zvaaidzidza? Uye tinodzidzei kubva paupenyu hwake uye zvaaitenda?

Zwingli Anotanga Kutsvaga Chokwadi

Paakanga achangosvitsa makore 20, Zwingli aida kuva mupristi wechechi yeRoma. Panguva iyoyo, munhu wese aida kuva mupristi aifanira kudzidza nezvetsika nemagariro evanhu, tsika dzaitevedzerwa nechechi yeRoma uye zvakanyorwa nevanonzi ndivo vakuru vakuru vechechi yeRoma. Asi vaisadzidza Bhaibheri.

Zwingli akatanga sei kuwana chokwadi cheBhaibheri? Paaiva kuyunivhesiti kuBasel, muSwitzerland, akadzidziswa naThomas Wyttenbach, uyo aishora tsika yaiitwa nechechi yekubhadharisa mari yekuti munhu anenge afa arege kutambudzwa.a Maererano nemumwe munyori, Zwingli “akadzidza kubva kuna [Wyttenbach] kuti Kristu akafa kamwe chete achiitira zvivi zvedu.” (1 Petro 3:18) Paakanzwisisa kuti rudzikinuro rwaJesu ndirwo rwega runoita kuti vanhu varegererwe zvivi, Zwingli akaramba dzidziso yekuti vakuru vechechi vaigona kuregerera zvivi kana vakapiwa mari. (Mabasa 8:20) Pasinei naizvozvo, Zwingli akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake akazova mufundisi wechechi yeRoma aine makore 22.

Paaiva nemakore ekuma20, Zwingli akadzidza chiGiriki kuti akwanise kunzwisisa mutauro wakatanga kushandiswa kunyora mabhuku anozivikanwa seTestamende Itsva. Akaongororawo zvakanyorwa naErasmus uye akadzidza kuti Jesu ndiye ega murevereri pakati paMwari nevanhu. Izvi ndizvowo zvinodzidziswa neBhaibheri. (1 Timoti 2:5) Izvi zvakaita kuti asava nechokwadi nedzidziso yechechi yeRoma yekuti munhu anogona kutaura naMwari achishandisa vasande.

Zwingli akawedzera kutsvaga chokwadi paakanga ava nemakore ekuma30. Asi panguva iyoyo, aivawo mufundisi wemasoja muhondo dzairwiwa nedzimwe nyika dzemuEurope dzichida kutora Italy. Pahondo yakarwiwa paMarignano muna 1515, akaona zviuru nezviuru zvevanhu vanopinda chechi yeRoma zvichiurayana. Makore mashoma akazotevera, Zwingli akakopa Magwaro echiGiriki achiita zvekuanyora nemaoko uye akabata nemusoro chikamu chakakura cheMagwaro aya. Pakazosvika 1519, akanga ava kugara muZurich, muzinda wezvematongerwo enyika muSwitzerland. Ari ikoko, akatanga kutenda kuti chechi yaisafanira kudzidzisa chero chii zvacho chisingaenderani nezvinodzidziswa neMagwaro. Asi aizobatsira sei vamwe kuti vatende izvozvo?

“Hatisati Tambonzwa Munhu Achiparidza Zvakadai”

Zwingli aitenda kuti kana vanhu vakanzwa chokwadi cheBhaibheri vaizoramba nhema dzinodzidziswa nechechi. Saka paakasarudzwa kuti ave mupristi wechechi yakakurumbira yemuZurich inonzi Grossmünster, akataura mashoko akashamisa vanhu paakatanga kuparidza: Aisazoverengera vanhu bhuku raiva nemavhesi aiva mumutauro wechiLatinb rakanga rava nemazana emakore richiverengerwa vanhu nevakuru vechechi. Asi aizoparidza Evhangeri achishandisa Bhaibheri, chitsauko nechitsauko, kubva kwarinotangira kusvika kwarinoperera. Pane kutarisa zvakanyorwa nevanonzi ndivo vakuru vakuru vechechi yeRoma pakutsanangura Magwaro, aizoita kuti Magwaro azvitsanangure ega. Akaita izvi kuburikidza nekushandisa zvikamu zveBhaibheri zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti zvitsanangure zvikamu zvakaoma.—2 Timoti 3:16.

Sergio Azenha/Alamy Stock Photo

Paaiparidza, Zwingli aiita kuti vanhu vaone kubatsira kunoita Bhaibheri muupenyu. Akadzidzisa vanhu kuzvibata maererano nezvinodzidziswa neBhaibheri uye akaparidza achishora dzidziso yekunamata Mariya, amai vaJesu, kunamata vasande, kubhadhara mari yekuti munhu asatambudzwe kana afa, uye kusazvibata kwevakuru vechechi. Vanhu vakaita sei pavakanzwa zvaaiparidza? Pashure pekunge apa mharidzo yake yekutanga vamwe vakati: “Hatisati tambonzwa munhu achiparidza zvakadai.” Achitaura nezvevanhu vaiparidzirwa naZwingli, avo vaipinda chechi yeRoma, mumwe munyori wezvakaitika kare akati: “Vaya vakanga vasisauyi kuchechi nemhaka yekuti vainyangadzwa neupenzi uye unzenza hwaiitwa nevapristi vakatanga kudzoka.”

Muna 1522, vakuru vechechi vakaedza kuita kuti vezvematongerwo enyika varambidze vanhu kuita chero chii zvacho chaisaenderana nezvinodzidziswa nechechi. Izvi zvakaita kuti Zwingli anzi ane mhosva yekupandukira chechi. Asi kunyange zvakadaro, akaramba kusiya zvaaitenda, saka akabva asiya zvekuva mupristi wechechi yeRoma.

Zwingli Akaitei?

Zwingli akanga asisiri mupristi asi akaramba achiparidza uye akaramba achiedza kuita kuti vamwe vatendewo zvaaitenda. Nemhaka yekuparidza kwaaiita, akanga ava kufarirwa nevanhu vakawanda uye izvi zvakaita kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vemuZurich vateerere zvaaitaura. Akashandisa kuwirirana kwaaiita nevezvematongerwo enyika kuti achinje nyaya dzechitendero muZurich. Semuenzaniso muna 1523, akatoita kuti vezvemutemo vati kudzidzisa zvinhu zvechitendero zvisingaenderani neMagwaro kutori kupara mhosva. Muna 1524, akaitawo kuti vati kushandisa zvidhori pakunamata kupara mhosva. Vezvemitemo vachibatsirwa nevaparidzi nevamwe vanhu vakaparadza atari dzakawanda, zvifananidzo nezvimwewo zvinhu zvakanga zvava nenguva yakareba zvichishandiswa pakunamata. Bhuku rinotaura nezvaZwingli rinonzi Zwingli—God’s Armed Prophet rakati: “Chechi yeRoma haina kumbobvira yaparadzirwa zvinhu saizvozvo kunze kwepanguva yavakambobirwa zvinhu mumachechi avo nevanhu vainzi maViking.” Pakazosvika 1525, akanga aitawo kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vatore zvivakwa zvechechi vachizviita zvipatara uye kuti vabvumidze vanafata nemasisita kuti varoore nekuroorwa. Akatiwo Misa itsiviwe nemusangano unoenderana nezvinodzidziswa neBhaibheri. (1 VaKorinde 11:23-25) Vanonyora zvakaitika kare vanoti zvakaitwa naZwingli zvakaita kuti vezvematongerwo enyika nevezvitendero vashande pamwe chete uye izvi ndizvo zvakazoita kuti pakwanise kuva nezvimwe zvitendero zvakabuda muchechi yeRoma.

Basa rinonyanya kukosha rakaitwa naZwingli raiva rekushandura Bhaibheri. Kuma1520 akaita basa iri nevamwe vaaiva navo vachishandisa Magwaro echiHebheru neechiGiriki, shanduro inonzi Greek Septuagint uye inonzi Latin Vulgate. Nzira yavaishandisa yaiva nyore. Vaiverenga vhesi imwe neimwe mumutauro wayakatanga kunyorwa nawo uyewo mushanduro dzairemekedzwa. Vaibva vakurukura kuti vhesi yacho inorevei vonyora pasi zvavainge vawana. Basa ravo rekushandura nekutsanangura Shoko raMwari rakaita kuti vabudise shanduro yeBhaibheri inonzi Zurich Bible muna 1531.

Zwingli anogona hake kunge aida kuti vanhu vanamate Mwari zvepachokwadi asi aisaremekedza maonero evamwe uye aikurudzira kuti vanhu vaitirwe utsinye. Semuenzaniso, muna 1525 aivawo mudare rakatonga boka rechitendero chinodanwa kuti Anabaptist, avo vaisabvumirana nezvaitendwa naZwingli zvekuti vacheche vanofanira kubhabhatidzwa. Pakazopiwa mutongo wekuti munhu wese anoramba kubhabhatidza vacheche aurayiwe, haana kumbopikisana nazvo. Akakurudzirawo vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika kuti vashandise masoja kumanikidza vanhu kuti vabvume dzidziso itsva. Pasinei naizvozvo, vanhu vemune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuSwitzerland, avo vaida chaizvo chechi yeRoma, vakaramba kugamuchira dzidziso dzake. Izvi zvakaita kuti vagari vemuSwitzerland varwisane. Zwingli akabatana nemasoja akabva kuZurich achienda kuhondo kwaakazonourayiwa aine makore 47.

Mbiri yaZwingli

Kunyange zvazvo asina kuita mbiri inenge yaMartin Luther naJohn Calvin panyaya yekuita kuti vanhu vabude muchechi yeRoma, Huldrych Zwingli anewo zvimwe zvinhu zvaakachinja panyaya dzechitendero. Zwingli akaramba dzidziso dzechechi yeRoma zviri pachena kupfuura zvakaitwa naLuther uye zvaakaita zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti vanhu vagamuchire zvaidzidziswa naCalvin. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita kuti averengwewo pavarume vatatu vanonzi ndivo vaiva pamberi pakuita kuti vanhu vatange kubuda muchechi yeRoma.

Zwingli ane zvakanaka zvaakaita asi ane zvimwewo zvaaikanganisa. Akabatanidzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika uye hondo achida kuti vanhu vakawanda vagamuchire dzidziso dzake. Paakaita izvi akatadza kutevedzera Jesu Kristu uyo akaramba kupinda mune zvematongerwo enyika uye akadzidzisa vadzidzi vake kuda vavengi vavo, kwete kuvauraya.—Mateu 5:43, 44; Johani 6:14, 15.

Asi Zwingli anoyeukwa semunhu aishanda nesimba pakudzidza Bhaibheri uye aiva nechido chekuudza vamwe zvaaidzidza. Akanzwisisa zvakawanda zvinodzidziswa neBhaibheri uye akabatsira vamwe kuti vazivewo zvaakanga adzidza.