Gamarieri Akadzidzisa Sauro Wetarso

BOKA rakamira rakanyarara zvikuru. Nguva pfupi ikoko kusati kwaitika, vakanga vadokuuraya muapostora Pauro. Aizivikanwawo saSauro weTarso, akaponeswa nemauto eRoma uye zvino akatarisa vanhu ari pamatanho pedyo netembere muJerusarema.

Achininira neruoko rwake nokuda kwerunyararo, Pauro akavamba kutaura muchiHebheru, achiti: “Varume, hama, namadzibaba, inzwai kuzvidavirira kwangu pamberi penyu zvino. . . . Ini ndiri muJudha, ndakaberekwa paTarso muKirikia, asi ndakarerwa muguta rino, pamakumbo aGamarieri, ndikadzidziswa netsika kwadzo dzomurayiro wamadzibaba edu, ndichishingirira Mwari, semi mose nhasi.”—Mabasa 22:1-3.

Upenyu hwake huri mungozi, nei Pauro akavamba dziviriro yake kupfurikidza nokutaura kuti akanga adzidziswa naGamarieri? Ndiani akanga ari Gamarieri, uye chii chaibatanidzwa mukudzidziswa naye? Rovedzo iyi yakapesvedzera Sauro kunyange pashure pekunge ava muapostora wechiKristu Pauro here?

Ndiani Akanga Ari Gamarieri?

Gamarieri akanga ari muFarise aizivikanwa zvikuru. Akanga ari muzukuru waHillel Mukuru, uyo akanga avamba rimwe ramapoka maviri makuru avanhu vaiva nemifungo yakafanana mukati mechiJudha chechiFarise.a Kudzidzisa kwaHillel kwairangarirwa sekunoshivirira zvikuru kupfuura kuya kwemukwikwidzi wake, Shammai. Pashure pekuparadzwa kwetembere yeJerusarema muna 70 C.E., Bet Hillel (Imba yaHillel) yaidiwa kupfuura yaBet Shammai (Imba yaShammai). Imba yaHillel yakava kuratidzirwa kune mvumo kwechiJudha, sezvo mamwe masekete ose akatsakatika nekuparadzwa kwetembere. Zvisarudzo zvaBet Hillel zvinowanzova hwaro hwemutemo wechiJudha muMishnah, iyo yakava hwaro hweTalmud, uye pesvedzero yaGamarieri sezviri pachena yakanga iri chinhu chikuru mukukunda kwayo.

Gamarieri airemekedzwa kwazvo zvokuti akanga ari wokutanga kudanwa kuti tenzi, zita rokuremekedza guru kupfuura riya rarabhi. Kutaura idi, Gamarieri akava munhu anokudzwa zvikuru zvokuti Mishnah inoti pamusoro pake: “Apo Tenzi Gamarieri mukuru vakafa mbiri yeTorah yakaguma, uye kuchena neusande [chaizvoizvo “kuparadzaniswa”] zvakaparara.”—Sotah 9:15.

Akadzidziswa naGamarieri—Sei?

Apo muapostora Pauro akaudza boka raiva muJerusarema kuti akanga ‘adzidziswa patsoka dzaGamarieri,’ airevei? Chii chaibatanidzwa mukuva mudzidzi wemudzidzisi akanga akaita saGamarieri?

Pamusoro perovedzo yakadaro, Purofesa Dov Zlotnick weJewish Theological Seminary of America anonyora, kuti: “Kururama kwemutemo unotaurwa, nokudaro kuvimbika kwawo, kunotsamira panodokuva chose chose paukama hwatenzi nemudzidzi: ngwariro inoitwa natenzi mukudzidzisa mutemo uye vavariro yemudzidzi mukuudzidza. . . . Vadzidzi, naizvozvo, vaikurudzirwa kugara patsoka dzenyanzvi . . . ‘ndokunwa mashoko avo nenyota.’”—Avot 1:4, Mishnah.

Mubhuku rake rinonzi A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ, Emil Schürer anojekesa mitoo yevadzidzisi vechirabhi vemuzana ramakore rekutanga. Anonyora, kuti: “VanaRabhi vakakurumbira zvikuru vaiwanzozviunganidzira munhamba huru, pwere dzaishuva murayiridzo, nokuda kwedonzo rekuvaita kuti varovedzane chose chose ne‘mutemo unotaurwa’ waiva nemativi akasiyana-siyana zvikuru nemashoko akawanda. . . . Murayiridzo wacho waiumbwa nekushandiswa kunopfuurira kweyeuko. . . . Mudzidzisi aipa vadzidzi vake mibvunzo inoverengeka yepamutemo nokuda kwechisarudzo chavo ndokuvarega vachiipindura kana kuti kuipindura iye amene. Vadzidzi vaibvumirwawo kubvunza mibvunzo kumudzidzisi.”

Mukurangarira kwavanarabhi, ngozi yevadzidzi yakanga iri huru zvikuru kupfuura kungopasawo zvako. Avo vaifundiswa nevadzidzisi vakadaro vainyeverwa, kuti: “Upi noupi anokanganwa chinhu chimwe pane izvo akadzidza—Rugwaro runomurangarira sokunge kuti anofanira kufa.” (Avot 3:8) Rumbidzo hurusa yaipiwa pamudzidzi akanga akaita se“tsime rakanamwa, iro risingarasi donhwe remvura.” (Avot 2:8) Rwakadaro rwaiva rudzi rwerovedzo iyo Pauro, panguva iyoyo aizivikanwa nezita rake rechiHebheru, Sauro weTarso, akagamuchira kuna Gamarieri.

Vavariro Yedzidziso dzaGamarieri

Maererano nedzidziso dzechiFarise, Gamarieri akatsigira kudavira mutemo unotaurwa. Iye nokudaro akasimbisa zvikuru magamuchidzanwa avanarabhi kupfuura Rugwaro rwakafuridzirwa. (Mateo 15:3-9) Mishnah inonokora mashoko Gamarieri seaiti: “Zvigovere umene mudzidzisi [rabhi] ndokuzvisunungura umene papanikiro, nokuti haufaniri kupa chegumi chakapfuuridza kupfurikidza nekufungidzira.” (Avot 1:16) Ikoko kwaireva kuti apo Magwaro echiHebheru asina kutaura zvakajeka zvokuita, munhu akanga asingafaniri kushandisa kurangarira kwake amene kana kuti kutevera hana yake kuti aite chisarudzo. Panzvimbo pezvo, akanga achifanira kuwana rabhi akakwaniriswa aizomuitira chisarudzo. Maererano naGamarieri, nenzira iyi bedzi munhu aigona kudzivisa kutadza.—Enzanisa naVaRoma 14:1-12.

Zvisinei, Gamarieri aizivikanwa kazhinji kazhinji nokuda kwechimiro chendangariro chekushivirira, chakasununguka mukutonga kwake kworudzidziso kwapamutemo. Somuenzaniso, akaratidza kuitira hanya vakadzi apo akatonga kuti aizo“bvumidza mudzimai kuroorwazve pachipupuriro chechapupu chimwe [kurufu rwemurume wake].” (Yevamot 16:7, Mishnah) Mukuwedzera, kuti adzivirire mudzimai akachatanurwa, Gamarieri akapinza ganhuriro dzakati mukupihwa kwetsamba yechatanuro.

Mudzimu uyu unoonekwawo mukubata kwaGamarieri nevateveri vapakuvamba vaJesu Kristu. Bhuku raMabasa rinorondedzera kuti apo vamwe vatungamiriri vechiJudha vakatsvaka kuuraya vaapostora vaJesu avo vakanga vasungwa nokuda kwekuparidza, “mumwe muFarise, wainzi Gamarieri, mudzidzisi womurayiro, waikudzwa navanhu vose, akasimuka pamakurukota, akarayira kuti vanhu vabudiswe chinguva chiduku; akati kwavari: Varume vaIsraeri, chenjerai zvamunoda kuitira vanhu ava. . . . Zvino ndinoti kwamuri: Musabata vanhu ava, muvarege, . . . kuti zvimwe mungadai muchirwa naMwariwo.” Zano raGamarieri rakateererwa, uye vaapostora vakasunungurwa.—Mabasa 5:34-40.

Kwakarevei Nokuda kwaPauro?

Pauro akanga arovedzwa ndokudzidziswa nemumwe wavanarabhi vakurusa vemuzana ramakore rokutanga C.E. Pasina panikiro kunongedzera kwemuapostora kuna Gamarieri kwakaparira boka raiva muJerusarema kuteereresa kutaura kwake. Asi akataura kwavari nezvemumwe Mudzidzisi akakura zvikuru kupfuura Gamarieri—Jesu, Mesiya. Pauro akataura kuboka racho, zvino semudzidzi waJesu, kwete waGamarieri.—Mabasa 22:4-21.

Kurovedzwa naGamarieri kwakapesvedzera kudzidzisa kwaPauro semuKristu here? Sezvingabvira, murayiridzo wakaoma waiva muRugwaro nemutemo wechiJudha wakabvumikisa kuva unobetsera kuna Pauro semudzidzisi wechiKristu. Bva, tsamba dzaPauro dzakafuridzirwa naMwari dzinowanwa muBhaibheri dzinoratidza zvakajeka kuti akaramba kukosha kwerudaviro rwechiFarise rwaGamarieri. Pauro akatungamirira vaJudha biyake nevamwe vose, kwete kuna vanarabhi vechiJudha kana kuti kumagamuchidzanwa akaitwa navanhu, asi kuna Jesu Kristu.—VaRoma 10:1-4.

Kudai Pauro akanga apfuurira kuva mudzidzi waGamarieri, angadai akafarikanya mukurumbira mukuru. Vamwe vakabva muboka raGamarieri vakabetsera kusarudza ramangwana rechiJudha. Somuenzaniso, mwanakomana waGamarieri Simeoni, zvichida mudzidzi biyake waPauro, akaita basa rinokosha mukumukira Roma kwechiJudha. Pashure pekuparadzwa kwetembere, muzukuru waGamarieri Gamarieri II akadzorera chiremera cheSanihedrini, achichiendesa kuYavneh. Muzukuru waGamarieri II Judah Ha-Nasi akaumba Mishnah, iyo yazova hwaro hwemurangariro wechiJudha kutozosvikira kuzuva redu.

Somudzidzi waGamarieri, Sauro weTarso angave akava akatanhamara zvikuru muchiJudha. Bva, pamusoro pebasa rakadaro, Pauro akanyora, kuti: “Asi izvozvo, zvaiva fuma kwandiri, ndakati ndiko kurashikirwa hako nokuda kwaKristu. Hungu, zvirokwazvo, ndinototi zvinhu zvose kurashikirwa nokuda kwokunaka kwokuziva Kristu Jesu, Ishe wangu, wandakarashikirwa nezvinhu zvose nokuda kwake, ndikazviidza marara, kuti ndiwane Kristu.”—VaFiripi 3:7, 8.

Kupfurikidza nokurega basa rake somuFarise uye kuva muteveri waJesu Kristu, Pauro akanga ari kushandisa zvinoshanda zano reaichimbova mudzidzisi wake rokudzivisa ku“rwa naMwari.” Kupfurikidza nokurega kutambudza kwake vadzidzi vaJesu, Pauro akarega kurwisana naMwari. Panzvimbo pezvo, kupfurikidza nokuva muteveri waKristu, akava mumwe weva“bati pamwe chete naMwari.”—1 VaKorinte 3:9.

Shoko rechiKristu chechokwadi rinopfuurira kuziviswa neZvapupu zvinoshingaira zvaJehovha muzuva redu. SaPauro, vazhinji vaivava vakaita chinjo dzinoshamisa muupenyu hwavo. Vamwe vakatorega mabasa aibetsera kuitira kuti vave negoverano huru zvikuru mumubato wokuparidza Umambo, zvirokwazvo basa “[r]aMwari.” (Mabasa 5:39) Vanofara sei kuti vakatevera muenzaniso waPauro panzvimbo peuya weaichimbova mudzidzisi wake, Gamarieri!

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]

Semuapostora Pauro, Sauro weTarso akazivisa mashoko akanaka kuvanhu vemarudzi