Nyika Isina Motokari Here?
UNOGONA kufungidzira here nyika isina motokari? Kana kuti unogona here kududza chigadzirwa icho mukati mezana ramakore rakapfuura chakachinja mararamire nomufambiro wavanhu zvikuru kwazvo sezvadzakaita? Pasina motokari, kwaizova kusina mamotera, kusina nzvimbo dzokudyira dzavose dzinopindwa navafambi vari mumotokari, uye nzvimbo dzisina kuvakirirwa dzemitambo dzinopindwa navafambi vari mumotokari. Chinokosha zvikuru, pasina mabhazi, matekisi, motokari, kana kuti marori, waizoenda sei kubasa? kuchikoro? Varimi navagadziri vezvinhu vaizoendesa sei zvinhu zvavo kumusika?
“Rimwe ramabhizimisi matanhatu oga oga eUnited States rinotsamira pakugadzirwa, kuparadzirwa, kusevhiswa, kana kuti kushandiswa kwemotokari,” inotsinhira kudaro The New Encyclopædia Britannica, ichiwedzera, kuti: “Zvinotengeswa nezvinogamuchirwa zvemafemu emotokari zvinoratidzira chinopfuura chikamu chimwe chezvishanu zvebhizimisi rapamwero mukuru renyika yacho uye chinopfuura chikamu chimwe chezvina chokutengesa kwayo zvishoma nezvishoma. Nokuda kwedzimwe nyika idzi reshiyo iduku zvishoma, asi Japan nenyika dzokumadokero kweEurope dzave dzichiswedera nokukurumidza zvikuru kumwero weUnited States.”
Kunyange zvakadaro, vamwe vanhu vanotaura kuti nyika isina motokari yaizova nzvimbo iri nani. Vanotaura ikoku zvikurukuru nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri.
Kuwandisa Kwemotokari Kunodzivisa Kufamba Kwenyika Yose
Kana wakambotenderera-tenderera mumigwagwa kwenguva refu uchitsvaka nzvimbo yokupaka motokari, unosanoziva zvikuru kuti kunyange zvazvo motokari dzakanaka, kuva nedzakanyanyowanda munharaunda yakatsvikinyidzika hakubetseri. Kana kuti kana wakambobatwa mukuwandisa kwemotokari kunotadzisa kufamba, unoziva kuti kunokangaidza sei kubatwa mumotokari yakagadzirirwa kufamba asi iyo yamanikidzirwa kumira.
Muna 1950, United States yakanga iri yoga bedzi mukuva nemotokari 1 nokuda kwavanhu 4 voga voga. Pakasvika 1974, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, uye Sweden dzakanga dzaenzana. Asi pakasvika nguva iyeyo nhamba yeUnited States yakanga yawedzera kusvika kuinenge motokari 1 nokuda kwavanhu 2 voga voga. Zvino Germany neLuxembourg dzine inenge motokari 1 nokuda kwavagari vemo 2 voga voga. Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, uye Netherlands hadzisi shure zvikuru.
Maguta makuru mazhinjisa—pasinei zvapo nokuti angava kupi munyika—ari kuva nzvimbo huru dzokupaka motokari. Somuenzaniso, muIndia panguva yokuwana kuzvitonga muna 1947, New Delhi, dzimbahwe, yakanga ine motokari nemarori 11 000. Pakasvika 1993 nhamba yacho yakapfuura 2 200 000! Wedzero huru zvikuru—asi “nhamba iyo inokarirwa kupetwa kaviri panozosvika mugumo wezana racho ramakore,” mukuwirirana nemagazini yeTime.
Munguvayi, muEastern Europe, nemotokari zhinji sechikamu chimwe bedzi chezvina nokuda kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe seWestern Europe, mune vatengi vanobvira vane mamiriyoni 400. Mukati memakore mashomanene, mamiriro ezvinhu muChina, kusvikira zvino inozivikanwa nokuda kwemabhasikoro ayo ane mamiriyoni 400, achave achinja. Sezvakashumwa muna 1994, “hurumende yacho iri kuita zvirongwa zvewedzero yokukurumidza mukugadzirwa kwemotokari,” kubva pamotokari dzegore negore dzine mamiriyoni 1,3 kuenda kumamiriyoni 3 panozosvika mugumo wezana racho ramakore.
Tyisidziro Yokushatiswa
“Britain haichisina mhepo yakanaka yokufema,” yakadaro The Daily Telegraph yaOctober 28, 1994. Zvimwe ikoku kwakapamhidzirwa asi kunyange zvakadaro ndekwechokwadi zvakakwana kuparira kunetseka. Purofesa Stuart Penkett, weUniversity of East Anglia, akanyevera, kuti: “Motokari dziri kuchinja mamiriro ose emhoteredzo yedu yomusikirwo.”
Kushatisa kwecarbon monoxide yakaungana yakawanda, rinodaro bhuku rinonzi 5000 Days to Save the Planet, “kunoshayisa muviri oxygen, kunodzongonyedza kunzwisisa nokufunga, kunoderedza miitiro yomuzvarirwo ndokuparira kutsimwaira.” Uye World Health Organization inotaura kuti: “Inenge hafu yavagari vose vomuguta muEurope neNorth America vakaratidzirwa kumwero yakakwirira yecarbon monoxide nenzira isingagamuchiriki.”
Kunofungidzirwa kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvinobudiswa nemotokari zvinouraya gore negore vanhu vazhinji—mukuwedzera kukuparira kuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo kunoita mabhiriyoni amadhora. Muna July 1995 mushumo wenhau dzeterevhizheni wakataura kuti vokuBritain vane 11 000 vanofa gore negore nokushatiswa kwemhepo kunoparirwa nemotokari.
Muna 1995 United Nations Climate Conference yakaitwa muBerlin. Vamiriri vakabva kunyika 116 vakabvumirana kuti chimwe chinhu chaifanira kuitwa. Asi kukuodzwa mwoyo kwavazhinji, basa rokubvuma nharidzano dzakati nokugadza mitemo chaiyo kana kuti rokuronga mapurogiramu akananga rakasundirwa mberi.
Tichirangarira izvo bhuku rinonzi 5000 Days to Save the Planet rakataura shure muna 1990, uku kushayikwa kwefambiro mberi kwaifanira kukarirwa sezvinobvira. “Rudzi rwesimba rezvematongerwe enyika nerezveupfumi munzanga yezvebhizimisi yazvino uno,” rakaonesa kudaro, “runosarudza kuti nhano dzokurwisa kuparadzwa kwemhoteredzo dzinogamuchirwa bedzi kana dzisingadzongonyedzane nokushanda kwoupfumi.”
Nokudaro, Time yakanyevera nguva pfupi yapfuura nezve“bviro yokuti kuungana kwecarbon dioxide namamwe magasi egreenhouse mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi kuchadziyisa pasi zvishoma nezvishoma. Mugumisiro wacho, mukuwirirana nevezvesayenzi vazhinji, ungagona kuva kusanaya kwemvura yakakwana, kunyunguduka kweaizi, mwero yegungwa inokwira, kufashamira kwemhenderekedzo dzegungwa, madutu akakomba zvikuru nedzimwe ngwavaira dzemhoteredzo.”
Kukomba kwechinetso chacho chokushatiswa kunorayira kuti chimwe chinhu chiitwe. Asi chii?