Sayenzi Inogona Kugadzikisa Denho Dzezana Ramakore Rechi 21 Here?
“Zvino kune ufakazi hwesayenzi hunokurira hwokukarakadza kuti Pasi saAmai haringagoni kugonana navana varo vasingaitiri hanya, vasingadzoreki kwenguva refu zvikurusa.”—The European, March 19-25, 1992.
NYANZVI dzetsamirano yezvisikwa dziri kuwedzera mumufungo wokuti tyisidziro kupasi, mukusatongova nokunyanduka bedzi pamusoro pezvinhu zvisingakoshi, yakakomba uye kuti inoda ngwariro. Kutaura idi, dzinotaura kuti chiito chokukurumidza chinokosha kana ngwavaira ichizodziviswa. “Hatina zvizvarwa,” akataura kudaro purezidhendi weWorldwatch Institute pakupera kwama 1980. “Tinongova bedzi namakore, okuedza maari kushandura mugariro.”
Vapepeti venhau vebhuku rine musoro unoti 5000 Days to Save the Planet vakanga vari vechokwadi zvikuru muna 1990 apo vakabudisa bhuku ravo. Kubvira panguva iyeyo kuverenga kwavo vachidzokera kuzero kwakapfuurira. Nguva yasara yokuponesa nyika, mukuwirirana nomutsetse wokupedzisira wavo, zvino inotapatira pedyo nechiratidzo chamazuva 4 000. Uye pakuzosvika panguva panotsvuka utonga hwezana ramakore rechi 21, kutoti chimwe chinhu chechienzi chikaitika munguva ino, nhamba ichave yadzikira kusvikira ku mazuva 1 500.
Chirongwai chechienzi chemigariro chakaparira iyi njodzi iri pamhene? Idenhoi dzinoparirwa nezana ramakore rinouya?
Hakuna Perevedzo Yezvinetso
Vanhu vanoda rugare vanofara kuti Utsinye Hukuru Pakati Pamarudzi hwapera. Asi denho yokuwana ndokuchengeta rugare rwenyika haizi isiri chaiyoiyo. Purezidhendi Mitterrand weFrance, achitaura muna January 1990 pamusoro pezvinetso zvokubatanidzwa kweEurope, akati: “Tiri kusiya nyika isina kunaka asi nyika yakatsiga, nokuda kwenyika yatinokarira kuti ichava yakanaka zvikuru, asi zvamazvirokwazvo iyo ichava isina kutsiga zvikuru.” Uye The European rakanyora, kuti: “Mutengo worusununguko [mune aichimbova marudzi amapoka eSoviet] uri kukura kuva usina kutsiga, uko kwakawedzera ngozi yehondo yenyukireya, kunyange zvazvo ichiri.”
Zvomenemene, dzimwe dzedenho idzo dzakanangana nenyika zvino dzakanga dzisingazivikanwi chose chose apo Utsinye Hukuru Pakati Pamarudzi hwakavamba. Kuri sokureva kunoita 5000 Days to Save the Planet, kuti: “Makore makumi mashanu bedzi apfuura mhoteredzo yenyika zvikurukuru yakanga ichiri mudzikamo. . . . Nyika yakanga iri nzvimbo yakakura, yakanaka uye ine simba; taigona sei kuikuvadza? Nhasi tinoudzwa kuti nyika yedu iri munjodzi, kuti tiri kuparadza uye kushatsa nzira yedu inoenda kungwavaira yenyika yose.”
Dzinonzi ngwavaira dzomusikirwo—mafashamo, madutu, kudengenyeka kwapasi, kuputika kwembumutsa mavhunze—dzinoitika kunzvimbo iri yose. Kuti munhu akashatsa mhoteredzo ane mutoro kusvikira kutambanukoi kungasazivikanwa. Kune ufakazi hwokuti ozone layer inodzivirira yapasi mune dzimwe nzvimbo yava nhete nomutoo une ngozi. Chinjo dzomwaka dzinokwanisa kuparira ngwavaira, mamwe masayendisiti zvino anonyevera, dzinogona kurovanya kamwe kamwe panokutanga pashoma napashoma.
Kenza, hosha yomwoyo, zvinetso zvokufamba kweropa, nezvimwe zvirwere zvisingaverengeki zvakanguve zvadenha unyanzvi hwezvokurapa. Pasinei hapo namakore eenderero mberi yokurapa, izvi zvirwere zvichiri kuuraya. MuEurope moga bedzi, vanhu vanokarakadzwa vane 1 200 000 vanofa nekenza gore negore, inenge 65 muzana kupfuura gumi ramakore rakapfuura. Nemhaka yorutyo pamusoro pedenda idzva—AIDS, iyo yakauraya vanhu vashomanene kupfuura vanofa nekenza—uku kurasikirwa kukurusa kunoitika zvikurukuru kusingacherekedzwi.
Imwe denho: Mumakore asingasviki 200, chiverengero chavagari vapasi chenyika chakawedzera kubva pavanhu vane bhirioni rimwe kusvikira kuvane mabhirioni mashanu nehafu. Pasinei hapo nokuderera kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi mumwero wewedzero wegore negore, vamwe vanokarakadza kuti pakuzosvika mu 2025, chiverengero chavagari vapasi zvimwe chichave chapfuura mabhirioni masere, uye pakuzosvika 2050 chichave chiri kuswederera kuchiverengero chamabhirioni gumi. Vanhu vose ivava vachagara kupi? Vachadyeiko? Mushumo weUN wakabudiswa muna 1991 wakakarakadza kuti vanhu vane bhirioni rimwe vari kutorarama muurombo chaihwoihwo, upenyu hwavo “hunoratidzirwa zvikuru nezvokudya zvisingavaki muviri, kusakwanisa kurava nokunyora uye hosha kuva vari pasi perondedzero ipi neipi ine mufungo yechiremera chohunhu.”
Paul R. Ehrlich, purofesa wefundo dzechiverengero chavagari vapasi paStanford University muUnited States, anocherekedza ukuru hweichi chinetso, achiti: “Nepo chiverengero chavagari vapasi chakanyanyowandisa mumarudzi ane urombo chinokombamira kuvachengeta vakarovanywa nourombo, chiverengero chakanyanyowandisa mumarudzi akapfuma chinokombamira kukusekesa simba retsigiro youpenyu yenyika yose.”
Bviro yokuti zvinhu zvadudzwa pamusoro apa—kana kuti zvimwe zvakadai sokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemirimo, kuperevedza kwedzimba, utsotsi, uye rwisano yamadzinza—munguva yemberi iri pedyo zvingatanga ngwavaira yenyika yose inoparira kuitira hanya chaiko. Denho yakajeka. Nzira yokuigadzikisa haina.
Kutsvaka Nzira Dzokugonana Nayo
Kunyanguvezvo, nokuda kwoukombi hwezvinetso, hurumende, dzine mwero yakasiana-siana yekurumidziro, dziri kutsvaka zvigadzikiso. Somuenzaniso, mumusangano wemhoteredzo, kuungana kwezvokutsamirana kwezvisikwa kukuru kwati kwamboitwa kwakaitwa June wakapfuura muRio de Janeiro. Musangano Wapasi wakarongwa neUnited Nations wakanga uri wechipiri worudzi rwawo, uchitevera mumwe wakaitwa muna 1972 muStockholm, Sweden. Panguva iyeyo wezvamatongerwe enyika akatanhamara weGermany akati: “Uyu musangano unogona kuva nzvimbo yokuchinjira mumugumo wenyika.”
Sezvinooneka, musangano wa 1972 wakaperevedza pakariro. Maurice F. Strong, murongi mukuru weyose iri miviri musangano wa 1972 nowa 1992, akabvuma, kuti: “Takadzidza mumakore 20 kubvira paStockholm kuti kudzorwa kwemhoteredzo, uko kuri chokushandisa chaichoicho bedzi icho masangano anacho, kunokosha asi hakuna kukwana. Kunofanira kuva pamwe chete nechinjo dzinokosha musundo dziri seri dzemiitiro yedu yezvokutengeserana.”
Musangano wa 1992, zvisinei, uchabvumikisa kuva wakatongobudirira zvikuru here mukuwana izvi “zvinhu zvinokosha” kupfuura zvakaita womuna 1972? Uye kana usina, pasi redu richave richikwanisa muna mamwe makore 20, muna 2012, kuva noMusangano Wapasi wechitatu unobvira here?
Rwakanangana Nedenho Yarwo Hurusa
Vanhu vose zvavo vari kuva vanopanikira zvikurukuru mano orudzidziso nezvamatongerwe enyika kuti zvigadzikise zvinetso zvenyika. Asi kana rusati ruri rudzidziso, kana zvisati zviri zvamatongerwe enyika, chii chinogona kugadzikisa denho dzakakomba dzezana ramakore rechi 21?
Bhurocha rakabudiswa neGerman Federal Ministry for Research and Technology rinotsanangura uyu mubvunzo. “Kubata neizvi zvinetso kunoda matandi ezvamatongerwe enyika anogona kubetsera kwete bedzi kudzivisa dzimwe chinjo dzipi nedzipi dzinoparirwa nomunhu asiwo kudzivisa miuyo isina kunaka yechinjo dzenyika yose. Nokuda kwokuoma kwezvinetso zvakatinanga, zvisarudzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvine revo zvichava bedzi zvinobvira kana zvakavakirwa pazvinowanwa zvakatsiga zvesayenzi nemienzaniso inovimbika inodeya kuzivisa. Iyi inoratidzika kuva nzira bedzi yokudzivisa nayo ndyiko kana kuti kunyange zvinoitika zvisingadiwi nezvine ngozi. Kuita kuti aya mashoko awanike kunomutsa denho hurusa kunzanga yesayenzi panguva ino.”
Sayenzi yakanangana nedenho dzinotyisa kare uye yakagonana nadzo, zvimwe kusvikira kumwero wakati. Zvakare, hakusati kuri kukanganisa kubvunza kana sayenzi ichigona kugadzikisa denho dzechienzi dzinoparirwa nezana ramakore rechi 21 rinouya. Pane hwaro here hwokuva netariro?
Kunofadza kuti Mukai! inozivisa kurukurirano yeidzi nhau dzinokosha, dzichafukidzwa munhevedzano yenyaya dzinotanga muchinyorwa chino. Rutivi 1 runotevera.
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 4]
Sayenzi inogona kuitei pamusoro pokushatswa kwezvinhu, hosha, uye kunyanyowandisa kwechiverengero chavagari vapasi?
[Kwazvakatorwa]
WHO photo by P. Almasy
WHO photo by P. Almasy