Kuputsika Kwetsika Kwakapararira

Kunotapura Rutivi Rwuri Rwose Rwenzanga

NZANGA nhasi haina mipimo. Yaputswa namararamire akawanda. Kurangarira kwavazhinji kwakafanana nouku: ‘Mararamire mamwe namamwe chisarudzo chinogamuchirika. Shivirira changu, ini ndichashivirira chako. Iwe ita zvinokufadza, ini ndichaita zvangu. Mumwe nomumwe ngaaite zvinomufadza pachake. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzokufamba nadzo, uye nzira imwe neimwe yakarurama; hapana chinhu chakashata. Hakuchisinazve chivi. Dzivirira maruramiro ako. Kumukira kune rugare chizevezeve; danidzisa namasimba masimba. Masimba masimba chimiro chokutaura kwakasununguka. Vatano yakasununguka kuitwa nomunhu upi kana upi waunosarudza uye nenzira ipi neipi yaunoda. Utere unyanzvi. Rarama nenzira yaunoda uye rega vamwe vararame nenzira yavanoda.’

Kana kuti ndi‘ifa nenzira yaunoda uye rega vamwe vafe nenzira yavanoda’ here? Mukati chaimo mezana ramakore rechi 20, vanhu vakanga vane mifungo yakajeka zvikuru pamusoro pechiri chakarurama nechiri chakaipa, chisiri choutere nechiri choutere, chinokudzwa nechisingakudzwi—uye vazhinji vachinayo. Asi nokuda kwavamwe chinjo yakavamba mukati mama 1950 ndokuwedzera pashure pacho. Mifungo yose pamusoro porunako, tsika, rukudzo, uye kuzvibata yakaitwa kuti iratidzike kuva isina mufungo, youtsinye, uye isingagamuchiriki. Mifungo yakava yakatekeshera yakasimudzira hungandiveni. Yakazivisa murangariro womunhu mumwe nomumwe wokurarama mukuwirirana nenharidzano dzaakazvisarudzira amene. Zvino miitiro inogamuchirika yaifanira kuva shiviriro, kusiana, uye kusava anotonga. Muuhu uzivi hutsva, kunorambidzwa kurambidza.

Miuyo ine ngwavaira youhu uzivi yakapfuurira kukura kutosvikira muma 1980 apo yakanga yanyanyisa, uye ichiri kuwedzera muma 1990. Heino mishumo mishomanene bedzi pamusoro pemiuyo ine ngwavaira, ichivamba nehurukuro pamusoro pemipimo iyo yakapiwa muNew York City nomutevedzeri wasachigaro werimwe sangano pamusangano pamusoro petsika dzebhizimisi:

“Vezvamatongerwe enyika havana kuvimbika kuvatsigiri vavo. Vatengesi vanokorovhera vanovatengera. Vakuru vakuru vamabhangi vanoabhurokesa ndokuita kuti varipi vemitero varipe nokuda kwaro. Vaparidzi navatungamiriri vanokarirwa havana kuvimbika kuvadzimai vavo. Vana vanobiridzira pabvunzo, uye mamirioni anozviparadza amene navamwe kupfurikidza nokuparadza kwemirimo noutsotsi. . . . Makumi mashanu muzana eroorano dzose anoguma nokuchatanura. Makumi maviri muzana avana vose vanoberekwa nhasi anoberekwa kunze kwomuchato, uye chikamu chimwe chezvitatu chavana vose chichararama navabereki vokurera vasati vava namakore 18. Nenzira yakajeka, kuwa kwemhuri kukuru. Kana uchibvuma kuti kuumbwa kwetsika kunotanga pamusha—pakuvamba muupenyu—ipapo zvikonzero zvokuputsika mutsika zviri pachena.”—Vital Speeches of the Day, September 1, 1990.

Zuva riri rose mapepanhau, magazini, zvinobudisa nhau, mabhaisikopo, uye mapurogiramu eterevhizheni anoratidzira kuderera kwemipimo yegamuchidzanwa. Muhurukuro paUniversity of Chicago, sachigaro weChase Manhattan Corporation akati:

“Kana uchitanga kuzarura mapeji emitambo, mushumo weWashington, kana kuti chikamu chebhizimisi, ufakazi ndohumwe chetehwo. Mapeji emitambo akazara nezvinokatyamadza zvazvino zvavatambi venhabvu vanofufurwa kuti varege kugohwesa, zvikwata zvekoreji zviri kurongwa nokuda kwokutanga masimba masimba, uye vamhanyi vari nyanzvi pamusoro pemirimo. Nhau dzinobva kuWashington ndedzokutongwa kune ufakazi hwenhema, vatongi vanopomerwa, kupiwa chioko muhomwe, uye mutongi wazvino ari mukufeyiwafeyiwa neHouse Ethics Committee. Unotendeukira kuchikamu chebhizimisi ndokuwana kuratidzirwa kwokutengesa zvinhu necheseri nezvimwe zvakafanana.”—Vital Speeches of the Day, August 1, 1990.

Mafashamo acho anopfuurira uye haaneti kwazvo zvokuti vanhu vanova vakagomara kwaari. Havachisirizve vanokatyamadzwa nezvinokatyamadza izvozvi. Mukurukuri achangobva kunokorwa mashoko akatsinhira pamusoro paikoku, kuti: “VaAmerica vakawanda havachisirizve vanokatyamadzwa nenhau dzokumwezve kuderera kwetsika. Matsotsi anopomerwa haachisirizve vakadzingwa. Ivo vakurumbiri. Vanokokwa kumitambo yavakatanhamara. Ivo vanonyora mabhuku anotengwa zvikurusa.”

Ivan Boesky weWall Street akagumisa hurukuro kuvadzidzi pachikoro chebhizimisi kupfurikidza nokusimudza maoko ake mudenga muchimiro cha V wavictory (rukundo) ndokuti, “Pamberi namakaro!” Gare gare makaro ake akamutungamirira kukutengesa necheseri, uye akatongwa, kupomerwa, kuripiswa, uye kuiswa mutorongo. Muripo wake wakanga uri mamirioni $500, asi akasvika pakuchengeta inopfuura hafu yebhirioni yamadhora. Michael Milken, mumwe anokorovhera weWall Street, akaripiswa mamirioni $3 000 nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvine ngozi huru zvezvikwereti zvinotengwa nemari yakaderedzwa—iye akaita inodokuva yakawanda kudaro mugore rimwe! Akakwanisa kuchengeta bhirioni imwe nehafu yamadhora.

Magazini inonzi Industry Week yakabudisa nyaya ine musoro wakabvunza mubvunzo wokuti, “Kukanganwa Tsika—Ndokubudirira Here?” Nyanzvi yokupa mazano yokuUtah yakafunga kuti tsika dzavose dzakanga dzaipa zvikuru ndokuti: “Cherekedzo dzangu dzinokarakadza kuti kana wezvebhizimisi akabudirira zvikuru, kuzvibata kwake kunovawo kusina tsika zvikuru.” Mumwe mukuru mukuru wokuMichigan akati: “Tine muitiro pamusoro petsika, asi vatarisiri vari pakati napakati vanofuratira mitemo kupfurikidza nokurangarira kuti, ‘Ikoko hakusati kuri kusava netsika, ibhizimisi rakanaka chete.’” Mumwe mukuru mukuru wokuMiami anoti: “Tsika dziri kukundwa nokukurumidza muhondo; mhindu iNha. 1 pasinei zvapo nendyiko ipi neipi.” Vamwe vezvebhizimisi vakanga vakajeka zvikuru: “Chinhu chipi nechipi chinogamuchirwa,” akadaro mumwe. Mumwe akawedzera izvi: “Muitiro wedu ndowokuti kana uchigona kuzviita usingabatwi, zviite.”

Havasati vari vezvebhizimisi chete vanogovera chimwe chinhu kumipimo yetsika iri kuderera. Chimiro chendangariro chinoparadza mipimo chakapararira ndokupinda murutivi rwuri rwose rwenzanga. Magweta akawanda zvikuru ari kuita zvakafanana zvikuru navanyadzisi kupfuura varemekedzi vomutemo. Masayendisiti akawanda zvikuru ari kuzvideredzera kumufambiro usina kunaka nokunyengera kuti awane betsero dzinobva kuhurumende. Vanachiremba vakawanda zvikuru vari kuwana mikurumbira sevari kuva vanofarira zvikuru mibhadharo yakakura kupfuura varwere—uye vakawanda zvikuru vavarwere vavo vari kuronga nzira dzokusungisa nokuda kwemiitiro yakaipa.

Nharaunda inodzadzarika ichidzorwa nesundo yemirimo, utsotsi, uye hondo dzezvikwata. Kusatendeseka kwomuroorano kunoparadza mhuri. Vana vaduku vanova vanyajambwa vokubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano, kubatanidza mabhuku anonyandura utere avana. Vatano yevechiduku inoparira mimba, kubvisa mimba, uye vana vanoregeredzwa. Vatengesi vemirimo vanovhozhokera ruvazhe rwezvikoro. Vana vechikoro vanotakura mapanga nepfuti, uye mano okurava evana vokuchikoro ari kupfuurira kuderera. Rovedzo yokugadzikisa yakanakisisa nokuda kwaikoku vabereki vanoravira vana vavo, asi kazhinji kazhinji vabereki vakabatikana zvikuru kuwana zvokurarama nazvo kana kuti vanobatanidzwa zvikuru munharidzano dzavo vamene dzokuzvigutsa.

Mune zvokuimba munogoverawo chimwe chinhu kukuderera kwetsika, kwakadaro zvikurukuru kupfurikidza namamwe amabhendi erock ekare esimbi, akakurumbira zvikuru. Nyanzvi yokupa mazano yerimwe sangano yakatsinhira, kuti: “Nziyo dzerock dzakava chokushandisa chakakwana nokuda kwokuzivisa nokuparadzira mufungo wezviito zvapanhambo nenhambo nezvisina kuganhurirwa zvevatano uye nokuda kwokuzivisa kushandiswa kwemirimo isati iri yapamutemo. Nziyo dzerock dzakanga dziriwo sundo ine simba mukukuchidzira kuzvidza vabereki, zvizvarwa zvekare namasangano enzanga ayo aishora mararamire outere, okushandisa mirimo.”

Imwe yenharidzano dzavo ndeyokugumbura nokukatyamadza nokubata ngwariro namashoko orwiyo ayo ari kubudiswa kwamashoko akaipa, anonyadzisa, anonyangadza, uye anosemesa, ayo akazara nokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwakaipa kwavakadzi. Vatano yomukanwa neyokushure inorondedzerwa munzira dzakawanda, kubata zvisina kufanira muvatano kunokurudzirwa, makaro okubata chibharo kwamasimba masimba kwazvo zvokuti mitezo yokubereka nayo yavakadzi inokuvadzwa—hapana ganhuriro kuutere hukuru hunorumbidzwa. Apo rimwe boka rakatongwa mudare nokuda kwoutere, purofesa weDuke University akavarumbidza senyanzvi chaidzoidzo ndokudzivirira utere hwavo hwakashata sohune ukoshi hwounyanzvi. Vatongi vakabvuma, vachigumisa kuti mashoko orwiyo acho akanga asati ari zvinonyangadza asi unyanzvi.

Ufakazi hwakafanana hwokuora kwetsika munzanga iidi rokuti gore rapera imwe yearubhamu dzoutere dzakashata zvikurusa dzerap ‘yakatengwa makopi akawanda kwazvo (anopfuura 1 mirioni) mumavhiki ayo matatu okubudiswa zvokuti yakasvika panzvimbo yeNha. 1. Ikoko kunoreva kuti yakanga iri chinhu chikurusa mune zvenziyo panguva yacho.’ Mazita anosarudzwa nokuda kwezvikwata zverock izvozvi anoenzana namashoko acho orwiyo: “Kune mabhendi anenge 13 akapiwa zita remitezo yokubereka nayo yavarume, 6 remitezo yokubereka nayo yavakadzi, 4 rourume, 8 rokubvisa nhumbu uye rimwe rehosha inotapura mitezo yokubereka nayo yavakadzi.”—U.S.News & World Report.

Mumwe purofesa ari kuBoston University akatsinhira pamusoro pechinoratidzirwa muMapplethorpe, kuti: “Ndakachiona paInstitute of Contemporary Art muBoston. Ikoko, sokune imwe nzvimbowo zvayo, mabasa acho akanga akarongwa muzvikamu, sokunge zvakadaro. Mifananidzo ye‘basa rakaoma’ yakanga . . . iri youtere nenzira inokatyamadza sokufungidzira kunogona kuita mumwe. Handisati ndichiziva kana yakanga isati iri yo‘rudo rwenyengano rwevemitezo mimwe cheteyo yokubereka nayo,’ asi yakanga iri mifananidzo yaifananidzira zviito izvo ini pachangu ndaisazofunga kuti zvinobvira, tisingatauri chinhu pamusoro pokuva zvinofadza.” Nhau youtere hwechinoratidzwa chacho yakatongwa mudare, uye vatongi vakatonga utere hwacho kuva unyanzvi. Hausati hutongori unyanzvi, zvamazvirokwazvo husina mutoro wetsika, uye ufakazi hwokupera kwemipimo yechokwadi yenyanzvi dzokugadzira mifananidzo navaoni.

Tinoda ganhuriro. Tinoda nhungamiro dzinotsigisa. Tinoda zvinangwa zvokushanda takananga kwazviri. Tinoda kudzokera kumanyuko apakuvamba emipimo yechokwadi.