Kuwanazve Pfuma yeBhaibheri
MAZANA emakore akapfuura, zvinhu zvokunyorera zvakanga zvisingawaniki nyore nyore sezvazvava kuita mazuva ano. Kuti matehwe nezvimwe zvainyorerwa zvishandiswezve zvaiparwa kana kubviswa ingi yaive yakashandiswa kunyora mashoko ainge asingachadiwi. Kunyange mamwe mapepa ainge akanaka chaizvo aiva akanyorwa dzimwe ndima dzomuBhaibheri aiparwa kuitira kuti ashandiswezve.
Rimwe Bhaibheri rinokosha rakaparwa rinonzi Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, rescriptus zvinoreva kuti “kunyorwazve.” Bhaibheri iri rinokosha zvikuru, nderimwe remakopi ekare zvikuru aripo rine ndima dzeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Saka nderimwe rakanaka zvikuru pane makopi aripo anoshandiswa kuratidza kururama kwechikamu ichi cheShoko raMwari.
Imwe ndima yeMagwaro yakatanga kunyorwa paBhaibheri iri rakanyorwa muzana remakore rechishanu yakanga yabviswa muzana remakore rechi12 C.E. uye shanduro yechiGiriki ine mharidzo 38 yakanyorwa nenyanzvi yokuSiriya inonzi Ephraem ndiyo yakazonyorwa pamusoro payo. Pakapera zana remakore rechi17, nyanzvi dzakacherechedza kuti paBhaibheri racho paimbove paine mamwe mashoko akanyorwa. Mumakore mashomanana akatevera, pakaitwa basa rokuona kuti pakutanga chii chaive chakanyorwa ipapo. Zvisinei, kuti vakwanise kuverenga zvose zvaive zvakambonyorwa ipapo zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru nokuti ingi yacho yaive isisiri kunyatsooneka, yava kudzimika, uye yakasiyana neimwe, mapeji acho ainge abvaruka-bvaruka, uye anyorerwazve kechipiri. Mishonga yakaiswa pamapeji acho nechinangwa chokuti vaverenge uye vaone ndima yeBhaibheri yaive yakanyorwa—havana kunyanya kubudirira. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakabva dzagumisa kuti mashoko akanga adzimika aiva ipapo akanga asingachazombofi akawanikazve.
Kuma1840, Konstantin von Tischendorf, mumwe murume aiva nechipo chokuziva mitauro yakawanda, akazvipa nguva yokuongorora Bhaibheri racho. Tischendorf akapedza makore maviri achiongorora zvaive zvakanyorwa pamapeji acho. Chii chakaita kuti akwanise kuita zvakatadzwa nevamwe?
Tischendorf ainyatsonzwisisa manyorerwo ainge akaitwa mashoko acho echiGiriki—aiva nemabhii makuru akaparadzana.a Sezvo aiona zvakanaka, akaona kuti nokubata peji akaritaridzisa kuchiedza, aikwanisa kuona zvainge zvakanyorwa pakutanga. Kuti dziite basa rakadaro mazuva ano, nyanzvi dzinoshandisa michini inobudisa chiedza.
Muna 1843 nomuna 1845 Tischendorf akabudisa Bhaibheri rakabva pakuongorora kwaakaita Codex Ephraemi. Izvi zvakaita kuti azviwanire zita senyanzvi inopfuura dzose pane vaongorori vezvinyorwa zvekare.
Bhaibheri reCodex Ephraemi rakareba masendimita anenge 30 uye rakafara masendimita anenge 25, uye ndomumwe muenzaniso wezvinyorwa zvekare unoratidza kuti mashoko aigona kunyorwa pakoramu imwe chete papeji rimwe chete. Pane mapeji 209 achiripo, 145 ane zvikamu zvemabhuku ose eMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki kunze kwa2 VaTesaronika na2 Johani. Mamwe mapeji anoratidza zvikamu zveMagwaro echiHebheru zvakashandurwa muchiGiriki.
Mazuva ano, Bhaibheri iri riri muNational Library kuParis, kuFrance. Kwakabva Bhaibheri iri hakuzivikanwi kunyange zvazvo Tischendorf aifunga kuti rakabva kuEgypt. Nyanzvi dzinoona Bhaibheri reCodex Ephraemi serimwe riri pakati pezvinyorwa zvina zvinokosha zveBhaibheri rechiGiriki, zvimwe zvacho zvinoti cheSinaitic, cheAlexandrine, uye cheVatican 1209, zvose ndezvemuzana remakore rechina nerechishanu C.E.
Takachengeterwa mashoko eMagwaro Matsvene munzira dzakawanda dzinoshamisa, kusanganisira maBhaibheri akaparwa. Kunyange zvazvo muchiitiko ichi mumwe munhu asingaongi akaedza kudzima ndima dzeBhaibheri, mashoko aro haana kuparara. Izvi zvinoita kuti tinyatsoona kuti mashoko omuapostora Petro ndeechokwadi anoti: “Shoko raJehovha rinogara nokusingaperi.”—1 Petro 1:25.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Tischendorf akanyanya kuzivikanwa neshanduro yechiGiriki yeMagwaro echiHebheru yaakawana muSt. Catherine Monastery iri mujinga megomo rinonzi Mount Sinai uye ndeimwewo yekare zvikuru pane dzakawanikwa. Shanduro yacho inonzi Codex Sinaiticus.
[Diagram/Mufananidzo uri papeji 16]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, Bhaibheri rinokosha rakaparwa rine mashoko akakwaniswa kuverengwa naTischendorf (1815-1874)
NDIMA DZEMAGWARO DZOKUTANGA
NDIMA DZEMHARIDZO YECHIGIRIKI DZAKAZONYORWA PAMUSORO PEDZOKUTANGA
[Kwazvakatorwa]
© Bibliothèque nationale de France
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 17]
Codex Sinaiticus, yakawanikwa muSt. Catherine’s Monastery
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 17]
Tischendorf