Oiri—Kukubatsira Kwainoita
WATI wambofunga here kuti upenyu hwaizova hwakaita sei kuvanhu vazhinji pasina petroleum nezvinhu zvainogadzira?a Oiri inogadzirwa nepetroleum inoiswa pazvinhu zvinoshanda zvichikwizirana pamotokari, mabhasikoro, mapurema nezvimwe zvine zvinhu zvinofamba. Oiri inoderedza kupera kwezvakagadziriswa michina zvinoshanda zvichikwizirana. Asi izvozvo handizvo zvoga.
Oiri inoshandiswa kugadzira mafuta anofambisa ndege, motokari, uye inoiswa muzvinhu zvokudziyisa. Mafuta okuzora mazhinji, pendi, ingi, mishonga, fetiraiza, uye mapurasitiki pamwe nezvimwe zvakawanda zvine zvinhu zvinobva mupetroleum. Kune vakawanda upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwaizosiyana chaizvo oiri isipo. Maererano nerimwe bhuku, hazvishamisi kuti petroleum nezvinhu zvinobva mairi “ine mabasa akasiya-siyana akawanda zvimwe kupfuura chimwe chinhu chipi nechipi chiri munyika.” Oiri tinoiwana sei? Inobva kupi? Vanhu vave nenguva yakareba sei vachiishandisa?
Bhaibheri rinotiudza kuti anopfuura mamireniyumu maviri Kristu asati auya, Noa, achitevedzera mirayiro yaMwari, akavaka ngarava huru ndokushandisa tara—zvimwe yakabva mupetroleum—kuti ngarava isapinda mvura. (Genesi 6:14) Zvinhu zvinobva mupetroleum zvaishandiswa nevaBhabhironi pakupisa zvidhina zvavo, nevaIjipiti mukuomesa mitumbi yevafi, uye nevamwe vanhu vekare somushonga.
Ndiani aizombofunga kuti oiri iyi yaizosvika pakuva inokosha zvakadaro munyika yanhasi? Hapana munhu anogona kuramba kuti kufambira mberi kwemaindasitiri nhasi kwakamiswa nepetroleum.
Kushandiswa kweoiri inobva mupetroleum nokuda kwomwenje ndiko kwakava kutanga kwomukurumbira weoiri. Kare muzana remakore rechi15, oiri inobva mumatsime epamusoro pevhu yakashandiswa mumarambi muBaku, guta guru reAzerbaijan nhasi. Muna 1650, matsime eoiri asina kudzika akacherwa muRomania, umo oiri, iri muchimiro cheparafini, yaishandiswa nokuda kwomwenje. Pakazosvika nechapakati pezana remakore rechi19, nyika iyoyo pamwe nedzimwe muEastern Europe dzakanga dzatova neindasitiri yaibudirira kwazvo yeoiri.
MuUnited States, muma1800 chakaita kuti boka revarume risimbirire kutsvaka oiri kwaiva kutsvaka mwenje wakajeka.Varume ava vakafunga zvakanaka pavakati kuti vabudise parafini yakawanda zvokuti ikwane vanhu, vaizofanira kuchera oiri. Naizvozvo muna 1859 tsime reoiri rakacherwa zvakabudirira muPennsylvania. Chipitipiti cheoiri chakanga chatanga. Chii chakazoitika?
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Shoko rokuti “petroleum” rinobva muchiLatin uye rinoreva “oiri yomudombo.” Rinowanzoshandiswa kureva zvinhu zviviri zvakada kufanana—gasi rinobva pasi, rinonziwo methane, neoiri. Zvose dzimwe nguva zvinosininika kubva pasi zvichibuda nomuhwangwadza dzapasi. Kana iri oiri, inogona kunge yakaita mvura kana kuti iri asphalt, namo, bhitumini, kana kuti tara.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 3]
PETROLEUM NEOIRI—ZVAKASIYANEI?
Kunyange zvazvo ichiwanzobva muanonzi matsime eoiri, chaizvoizvo oiri ipetroleum, kana kuti ioiri ichakavhengana nezvimwewo, inobuda pasi pevhu. Petroleum inorondedzerwa ichinzi: “musanganiswa wemahydrocarbon akaita magasi, mvura, uye unobatika wakaita yero yakasvibirira, wakakora, unobatira moto, unowanikwa pasi pevhu.” Iwo “unogona kuparadzaniswa kubudisa gasi rinobva pasi, peturu, naphtha, parafini, mafuta, oiri inoderedza kupera kwezvakagadziriswa michina zvinoshanda zvichikwizirana, namo yeparafini uye asphalt uye inoshandiswa pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa nayo.”—The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.