WARI UBIZI?
Kuba intumwa Paulo yari Umuroma vyamumarira iki?
Paulo yavuze ati: “nungururije kwa sezari!”
Kugira ubwenegihugu bw’Abaroma vyaraha umuntu uburenganzira bumwebumwe budasanzwe aho yaja hose mu Nganji y’Abaroma. Uwufise ubwo bwenegihugu yagengwa n’amategeko y’Uburoma, ntiyagengwa n’amategeko y’intara yaba arimwo. Yagirijwe, yarashobora kwemera kurenguka muri sentare yo mu karere arimwo, ariko yaguma afise uburenganzira bwo kurenguka imbere ya sentare y’Abaroma. Bamuciriye urwo gupfa, yari afise uburenganzira bwo kwungururiza ku mwami w’abami.
Ubwo burenganzira bwose ni bwo bwatumye umutegetsi w’Umuroma yitwa Cicéron wo mu kinjana ca mbere Imbere ya Kristu avuga ati: “Kuboha Umuroma ni icaha; kumushishagura ni ubugizi bwa nabi; kumwica ni nko kwica uwawe.”
Intumwa Paulo yaramamaje cane inkuru nziza mu Nganji y’Uburoma. Bibiliya iravuga incuro zitatu aho yakoresheje uburenganzira yahabwa n’ubwenegihugu bw’Abaroma: (1) Yarabwiye abacamanza b’i Filipi yuko bari bahonyanze uburenganzira bwiwe mu kumukubita. (2) Igihe yari i Yeruzalemu, yaravuze yuko ari Umuroma kugira ntibamushishagure. (3) Yarungururije kwa Sezari, umwami w’abami yari i Roma, kugira ngo amwumvirize.—Ivyakozwe 16:37-39; 22:25-28; 25:10-12.
Abungere bahembwa gute mu bihe vya kera?
Amasezerano yo mu 2050 imbere ya kristu, ajanye no kugura intama n’impene
Sekuruza w’imiryango Yakobo yaramaze imyaka 20 aragira imikuku ya inarume Labani. Mu myaka 14 ya mbere, yakoreye Labani kugira ngo amuhe abakobwa biwe babiri ngo bamubere abagore, mu myaka 6 ya nyuma amukorera ahembwa ibitungwa. (Itanguriro 30:25-33) Ikinyamakuru kimwe (Biblical Archaeology Review) kivuga giti: “Abanditse Bibiliya be n’abayisoma mu bihe vya kera, bari bamenyereye cane amasezerano ajanye no kuragira ameze nk’ayo Labani yagiranye na Yakobo.”
Amwe mu masezerano nk’ayo ya kera ni ayubuwe i Nuzi, i Larsa no mu bindi bibanza bacukuramwo ivya kera muri Iraki ho muri iki gihe. Amasezerano nk’ayo yakunda kumara umwaka, uwaharurwa bafatiye ku gihe co gukemura intama. Abungere baremera gushingwa igitigiri kanaka c’ibitungwa vyaba vyanditswe hisunzwe imyaka n’igitsina. Umwaka urangiye, nyene ibitungwa yabwirizwa kuronka igitigiri bavuganye c’ibitungwa bikiri bito be n’urugero bavuganye rw’ubwoya, ibiva mu mata, n’ibindi. Ibirengako vyose vyaca vyegukira umwungere.
Imikuku yongerekana bivanye n’igitigiri c’imvyeyi umwungere yaba yahawe. Muri rusangi vyari vyitezwe ko imvyeyi 100 zivyara imyagazi 80 ikomeye. Hagize ikibura, umwungere ni we yategerezwa kukiriha. Ivyo vyatuma yitwararika cane ibitungwa ajejwe.