Izina Yehova ryoba rikwiye kuboneka mw’Isezerano rishasha?

VYOBA bihambaye ko izina ry’Imana riboneka muri Bibiliya? Biragaragara ko Imana ariko yabibonye. Izina ryayo, iryandikwa mu ndome zine z’igiheburayo zikunze kwitwa Tetaragarama, riboneka nk’incuro 7.000 mu gisomwa co mu ntango c’igiheburayo, igikunze kwitwa Isezerano rya kera.a

Incabwenge mu vya Bibiliya ziremera yuko izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana riboneka mw’Isezerano rya kera, canke Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo. Ariko rero, benshi biyumvira yuko ritaboneka mu vyandikano vy’iminwe vy’ikigiriki vya mbere na mbere vy’ico bita ngo ni Isezerano rishasha.

None bigenda gute igihe umwe mu banditsi b’Isezerano rishasha aba ariko arasubiramwo imirongo yo mw’Isezerano rya kera ibonekamwo za ndome zine? Muri ivyo bihe, abahinduzi benshi baca bakoresha ijambo “Umukama” aho gukoresha izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana. Impinduro Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau yoyo ntikurikiza uwo mugenzo ukunze kugirwa. Ikoresha izina Yehova incuro 237 mu Vyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu, canke Isezerano rishasha.

Ni ingorane izihe abahindura Bibiliya bagira igihe baba bategerezwa gufata ingingo nimba bokoresha canke batokoresha izina ry’Imana mw’Isezerano rishasha? Hoba hari imvo zumvikana zo gukoresha izina ry’Imana muri ico gihimba c’Ivyanditswe Vyeranda? Vyongeye ni gute ikoreshwa ry’izina ry’Imana muri Bibiliya rigira ico rikoze kuri wewe?

Ingorane ijanye n’ubuhinduzi

Ivyandikano vy’iminwe vy’Isezerano rishasha biriho muri kino gihe si ivyanditswe na Matayo, Yohani, Paulo be n’abandi. Ivyo banditse vyarakoreshwa cane kandi nta nkeka ko vyaca bisaza ningoga na ningoga. Ku bw’ivyo rero, vyaza birimurwa, hanyuma bishaje hakimurwa ibindi. Mu vyandikano ibihumbi n’ibihumbi vyimuwe vy’Isezerano rishasha biriho muri iki gihe, vyinshi muri vyo vyimuwe haheze n’imiburiburi ibinjana bibiri ivyanditswe ubwa mbere bibayeho. Biboneka ko ico gihe abantu bimura ivyo vyandikano, za ndome zine bazisubiriza n’ijambo Kuʹri·os canke Kyʹri·os, rino rikaba ari ijambo ry’ikigiriki risigura ngo “Umukama,” canke na ho bakavyimura babikuye mu vyandikano vy’iminwe aho izo ndome zari zimaze gusubirizwa.b

Umuhinduzi afise ivyo ku muzirikanyi, ategerezwa kuraba nimba hariho ibimenyamenya vyumvikana vyemeza ko za ndome zine zaboneka koko mu vyandikano vy’iminwe vy’ikigiriki vya mbere. None mwene ivyo bimenyamenya vyoba bihari? Rimbura ibi vyiyumviro bikurikira:

• Igihe Yezu yaba ariko arasubiramwo amajambo yo mw’Isezerano rya kera canke ariko ararisoma, yarakoresha izina ry’Imana. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 6:13, 16; 8:3; Zaburi 110:1; Yesaya 61:1, 2; Matayo 4:4, 7, 10; 22:44; Luka 4:16-21) Mu gihe ca Yezu n’abigishwa biwe, za ndome zine zaraboneka mu vyandikano vyo mu gisomwa c’igiheburayo gikunze kwitwa ngo ni Isezerano rya kera, nk’uko no muri kino gihe zibonekamwo. Ariko rero, incabwenge mu vya Bibiliya zaramaze ibinjana n’ibindi ziyumvira ko izo ndome zine zitaboneka mu vyandikano vy’iminwe vy’Isezerano rya kera vya ya mpinduro yitwa Septante y’ikigiriki be no mu vyandikano vy’iminwe vyo mw’Isezerano rishasha. Ikinjana ca 20 kigeze hagati, ni ho incabwenge mu vya Bibiliya zubura ikintu kidasanzwe. Zarubuye ibihimba vya kera cane vy’igisomwa co mu kigiriki vya ya mpinduro yitwa Septante vyariho mu gihe ca Yezu. Ivyo bihimba birimwo izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana mu ndome z’igiheburayo.

• Yezu yarakoresha izina ry’Imana akongera akarimenyesha abandi. (Yohani 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Yezu yavuze mu buryo butomoye ati: “Naje mw’izina rya Data.” Yarashimitse kandi ku vy’uko ivyo yakora yabigira ‘mw’izina rya Se.’ Nkako izina rya Yezu ubwaryo risobanura ngo “Yehova ni ubukiriro.”​—Yohani 5:43; 10:25.

• Izina ry’Imana riraboneka mu mpfunyapfunyo mu Vyanditswe vy’ikigiriki. Mu Vyahishuwe 19:1, 3, 4, 6, izina ry’Imana riraserurwa mu mvugo “Haleluya.” Iyo mvugo isobanura ijambo ku rindi ngo “Shemeze Yah, mwa bantu!” Yah ni impfunyapfunyo y’izina Yehova.

• Ivyandikano vyo mu ntango vy’Abayuda vyerekana ko abakirisu b’Abayuda bakoresha izina ry’Imana mu vyandikano vyabo. Tosefta, kino kikaba ari icegeranyo c’amategeko yatangwa ku munwa yashizwe mu nyandiko, icarangiye kwandikwa nko mu 300 G.C., kivuga ku bijanye n’ivyandikano vya gikirisu vyaturirwa kw’Isabato giti: “Ibitabu vy’abanditsi b’Injili be n’ibitabu vy’abitwa minim [bikaba vyiyumvirwa ko bari abakirisu b’Abayuda] biraturirwa. Ariko rero, bituririrwa aho biri, . . . vyo hamwe n’ahantu haba hari izina ry’Imana.” Ico cegeranyo nyene kirasubiramwo amajambo yavuzwe na Rabbi Yosé Umunyagalilaya yabayeho mu ntango z’ikinjana ca kabiri G.C., akaba yavuze ko mu yindi misi yo mw’iyinga “umuntu yashobora kubifata [ni ukuvuga ivyandikano vya gikirisu] akabikuramwo agace kanditseko izina ry’Imana akagashingura ahandi hantu hanyuma ibisigaye akabiturira.” Ku bw’ivyo rero, hariho ibimenyamenya bikomeye vy’uko Abayuda bo mu kinjana ca kabiri G.C. bemera yuko abakirisu bakoresha izina rya Yehova mu vyandikano vyabo.

Abahinduzi batoreye umuti gute ico kibazo?

Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau yoba ari yo yonyene isubizamwo izina ry’Imana igihe haba hariko harahindurwa Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki? Oyaye. Abahinduzi benshi ba Bibiliya, bishimikije ivyo bimenyamenya bihejeje kuvugwa, babonye ko izina ry’Imana rikwiye gusubizwamwo igihe bahindura Isezerano rishasha.

Nk’akarorero, impinduro nyinshi z’Isezerano rishasha zahinduwe mu ndimi zo muri Afirika, Amerika, Aziya be n’amazinga ya Pasifike, zirakoresha izina ry’Imana incuro nyinshi. (Raba uruzitiro ruri ku rupapuro rwa 21.) Zimwezimwe muri izo mpinduro zisohotse vuba. Hariho nka Bible Rotumien (1999), ikoresha izina Jihova incuro 51 mu mirongo 48 yo mw’Isezerano rishasha, be na Batak-Toba (1989) yo muri Indoneziya, ikoresha izina Jahowa incuro 110 mw’Isezerano rishasha. Izina ry’Imana ryarabonetse kandi mu mpinduro z’igifaransa, iz’igisupanyoli be n’iz’ikidagi. Nk’akarorero, uwitwa Pablo Besson yarahinduye Isezerano rishasha mu gisupanyoli mu ntango z’ikinjana ca 20. Iyo mpinduro yiwe ikoresha izina Jehová muri Yuda 14, kandi utujambo tw’epfo dushika nka 100 turerekana ibibanza izina ry’Imana rishobora gukoreshwamwo.

Ehe raba uburorero bumwebumwe bw’impinduro zo mu congereza zakoresheje izina ry’Imana mw’Isezerano rishasha:

• A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, yahinduwe na Herman Heinfetter (1863)

• The Emphatic Diaglott, yahinduwe na Benjamin Wilson (1864)

• The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, yahinduwe na George Barker Stevens (1898)

• St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, yahinduwe na W. G. Rutherford (1900)

• The Christian’s Bible​—New Testament, yahinduwe na George N. LeFevre (1928)

• The New Testament Letters, yahinduwe na J.W.C. Wand, umusenyeri w’i Londres (1946)

Mu bihe vya vuba, integuro yo mu 2004 y’impinduro imwe imenyerewe cane (New Living Translation) iherutse kuvuga ibi bikurikira mu ntangamarara yayo munsi y’agatwe kavuga ngo “Ukuntu amazina y’Imana ahindurwa”: “Muri rusangi, za ndome zine (YHWH) twagiye turazihindura ngo ‘UMUKAMA,’ dukoresheje indome nkurunkuru nk’uko bikunze kugirwa mu mpinduro z’icongereza. Ivyo bizoritandukanya n’izina ʹadonai, duhindura ngo ‘Umukama.’” Ku bijanye n’Isezerano rishasha, iyo nteguro igira iti: “Ijambo ry’ikigiriki kurios rigenda rihindurwa ngo ‘Umukama,’ uretse yuko rihindurwa ngo ‘UMUKAMA’ aho hose igisomwa co mw’Isezerano rishasha gisubiramwo mu buryo butomoye amajambo yo mw’Isezerano rya kera, kandi muri nya gisomwa rikaba ryanditswe mu ndome nkurunkuru.” (Ni twe dushimitse.) Abahinduye iyo Bibiliya rero baremera yuko za ndome zine (YHWH) zikwiye kuboneka muri iyo mirongo yasubiwemwo mw’Isezerano rishasha.

Igishimishije, ni uko munsi y’agatwe kavuga ngo “Za ndome zine mw’Isezerano rishasha,” inyizamvugo imwe (The Anchor Bible Dictionary) ivuga iti: “Hariho ibimenyamenya bimwebimwe vy’uko za ndome zine zigize izina ry’Imana ari ryo Yahweh, zaboneka mu mirongo imwimwe canke mbere yose yo mw’Isezerano rya kera yasubiwemwo mw’Isezerano rishasha igihe ivyandikano vy’Isezerano rishasha vyandikwa ari bwo bwa mbere.” Incabwenge mu vya Bibiliya yitwa George Howard na yo ivuga iti: “Kubera yuko za ndome zine zari zikiboneka mu vyandikano vya Bibiliya yo mu kigiriki [la Septante], Ivyanditswe vyo muri yo bikaba ari vyo idini ryo mu ntango ryakoresha, ni ivyumvikana kwemera yuko abanditsi b’Isezerano rishasha, igihe baba bariko barasubiramwo amajambo yo mu Vyanditswe, bakoresha za ndome zine mu gisomwa ca Bibiliya.”

Imvo zibiri zijijura

Biratomoye rero ko Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau atari yo yabaye iya mbere mu kubonekamwo izina ry’Imana mw’lsezerano rishasha. Cokimwe n’umucamanza yoba ahamagawe guca urubanza rutarimwo ivyabona, Komite ijejwe guhindura Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau yarasuzumye yitonze ibimenyamenya vyose bihambaye. Yisunze ibintu vy’ukuri koko, yafashe ingingo yo gushira izina rya Yehova mu mpinduro y’Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki. Raba imvo zibiri zijijura zatumye babigenza gutyo.

(1) Abahinduzi babonye yuko kubera ko Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu ari igihimba cahumetswe kiza ciyongera ku Vyanditswe vyeranda vy’igiheburayo, ugukura bukwi na bukwi izina rya Yehova muri ico gisomwa vyociye bisa n’uko ivyo bisomwa bibiri ata co bipfana.

Ni kubera iki ico ciyumviro bashitseko cumvikana? Amaja hagati na hagati y’ikinjana ca mbere G.C., umwigishwa Yakobo yabwiye abakurambere b’i Yeruzalemu ati: “Simeyoni yariganye ata co asize inyuma ingene Imana yitayeho amahanga ari bwo bwa mbere ngo iyakuremwo igisata ku bw’izina ryayo.” (Ibikorwa 15:14) Wumva vyobaye vyumvikana iyo Yakobo avuga ayo majambo kandi ata n’umwe mu kinjana ca mbere yari azi izina ry’Imana canke ngo arikoreshe?

(2) Igihe huburwa ivyandikano vya ya mpinduro yitwa Septante vyakoresheje izina ry’Imana aho gukoresha Kyʹri·os (Umukama), abahinduzi baciye babona ko bishoboka yuko mu gihe ca Yezu, Ivyanditswe vyimuwe vyo mu ntango vyanditswe mu kigiriki, eka mbere n’ivyo mu giheburayo, vyarimwo izina ry’Imana.

Biboneka ko wa mugenzo wo kutubaha Imana ujanye no gukura izina ryayo mu vyandikano vy’ikigiriki watanguye inyuma y’ico gihe. Uvyiyumvirako iki? Yezu n’intumwa ziwe, boba bari kuremesha umugenzo nk’uwo?​—Matayo 15:6-9.

Niwambaze “izina rya Yehova”

Vy’ukuri, Ivyanditswe ubwavyo bimeze nk’ico twokwita icabona kidahinyuzwa, cemeza ko abakirisu bo mu ntango bakoresha vy’ukuri izina rya Yehova mu vyandikano vyabo, canecane igihe baba bariko barasubiramwo imirongo yo mw’Isezerano rya kera irimwo iryo zina. Ata gukeka rero, Bibiliya Traduction du monde nouveau irafise imvo zumvikana zo gusubiza izina ry’Imana ari ryo Yehova mu Vyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu.

None ayo makuru agira ico akoze gute kuri wewe? Intumwa Paulo, mu gusubiramwo amajambo yo mu Vyanditswe vy’igiheburayo, yibukije abakirisu b’i Roma ati: “Umuntu wese yambaza izina rya Yehova azokizwa.” Yaciye abaza ati: “Bazokwambaza gute uwo batizeye? Kandi bazokwizera gute uwo batumvise ivyiwe?” (Abaroma 10:13, 14; Yoweli 2:32) Impinduro za Bibiliya zikoresha izina ry’Imana igihe bibereye ziragufasha kuyiyegereza. (Yakobo 4:8) Mu vy’ukuri, ese ukuntu ari agateka twatewe, kubona dushobora kumenya be no kwambaza izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana ari ryo Yehova!