Yoga​—Yoba Ari Ikarashishi Gusa Canke Harimwo n’Ibindi?

KUGIRA umubiri mutomuto hamwe n’amagara meza ni ibintu biri mu bwenge bw’abantu cane muri iki gihe. Ivyo vyatumye abantu benshi bijukira kuja mu nyubakwa zigirirwamwo imyimenyerezo yo kunonora imitsi, barijukira n’imihari iraba ivy’amagara kugira babafashe. Kubera iyo mvo nyene, abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bo mu bihugu vya Buraya barijukiye akagenegene ko mu Buseruko kitwa yoga.

Abantu barembejwe n’imyitwarariko, intimba be n’ukubura uko bagira, na bo nyene barijukiye yoga kugira ngo ibahumurize yongere itorere umuti ingorane zabo. Na canecane guhera mu myaka y’1960, hakaba hari mu kiringo abakiri bato bashaka ubwigenge, ni ho ugushaka kumenya ivy’amadini yo mu ntara zo mu Buseruko be n’imigenzo yaho y’amayobera kwakwiragira mu bihugu vyose vya Buraya. Uburyo bwo kuzirikana bw’Abahindi mu kurondera kwironsa itekane mu muzirikanyi, na bwo bukaba ari ibintu vyanduruka kuri yoga, bwaramenyekanishijwe hose n’abakinyi rurangiranwa b’amasinema be n’abacuraranzi b’imiziki ya roke. Uravye ukuntu abantu barushiriza kwitwararika yoga, twoshobora kwibaza duti: ‘Mbega yoga yoba ari ikarashishi gusa ya misi yose izotuma umuntu ayigira aronka amagara meza, umubiri mutomuto be n’amahoro yo mu muzirikanyi? Mbega yoga yoba ishobora kugirwa ata bintu vy’idini birimwo? Mbega yoga yoba ibereye ku Bakirisu?’

Ukuntu Yoga Yaje

Inkomoko y’ijambo ry’igihindi rikoreshwa kuri “yoga” ishobora gusobanura gufatanya canke gufataniriza hamwe, canke gushira munsi y’ingogo, kubohera hamwe canke kwifatira mu minwe. Ku muntu wo mw’idini y’Abahindu, yoga ni ubuhinga canke uburyo bwo kwifatira ikintu bushikana ku kunywana n’inguvu canke impwemu irengeye ubwenge bw’umuntu. Yoga yadondowe ko ari “ugufataniriza ku Mana ububasha bwose bw’umubiri, bw’umuzirikanyi n’ubw’ubugingo.”

None yoga dushobora kuvuga ko yatanguye ryari? Hari ibidodo vyatowe mu Mubande witwa Indus muri Pakistani h’ubu vyari bishushanijweko abantu bari bicaye mu buryo butandukanye bagira yoga. Abacukuzi b’ubutaka bagenekereza ko iterambere ry’uwo Mubande witwa Indus ko ryabaye hagati y’ikimpumbi ca gatatu n’ica kabiri B.G.C., hakaba hari mu kiringo cegereye cane ic’imico kama yo mu karere ka kera ka Aziya kitwa Mezopotamiya. Ibintu ndangamico vyahinguwe muri utwo turere twompi usanga bishushanijeko umugabo, uno akaba agereranya ikimana, yambaye urugori rw’amahembe y’ibikoko kandi akaba akikujwe n’ibikoko, ivyo bikaba vyibukiriza Nimurodi, wa “muhīgi w’agahebuza.” (Itanguriro 10:8, 9) Abahindi bavuga yuko nya bantu bicaye mu buryo butandukanye bagira yoga bagereranya imana yitwa Siva, na yo ngo akaba ari umwami w’ibikoko akaba n’umwami wa yoga, kenshi akaba asengwa biciye ku gishushanyo kigereranya igihimba c’irondoka c’umugabo. Gutyo, igitabu kimwe (Hindu World) cita yoga “urufatane rw’amategeko rwerekeye imigenzo ikaze, ahanini rukaba rwaje imbere yuko haza abantu bitwa Abariyene, rurimwo ibisigarira vy’ivyiyumviro vy’abantu ba kera be n’ibisigarira vy’ibintu bubahiriza.”

Uburyo yoga ikora, abantu mu ntango babibwirana ku munwa. Maze umunyabwenge mu vya yoga w’Umuhindi yitwa Patañjali yarabusiguye ido n’ido, arabwandika, abishira mu cegeranyo c’inyigisho ya yoga ciswe Yoga Sutra, kikaba n’ubu ari co gitabu c’inyigisho z’ishimikiro za yoga. Nk’uko Patañjali abivuga, yoga ngo ni “akigoro umuntu agira ku buhinga kugira ngo ashikire ukutagira agahaze, biciye ku kwifatira mu minwe ibintu bitandukanye bigize akamere k’umuntu, ak’umubiri be n’ak’umuzirikanyi.” Kuva igitangura, gushika muri iki gihe, yoga yamye ari umuce uhambaye w’ibigize amadini yo mu Buseruko, ubu akaba ari canecane idini ry’Abahindu, iry’Abajayini n’iry’Ababuda. Bamwebamwe mu bantu bagira yoga bemera yuko izotuma bashikira icitwa moksha, ari kwo guhabuzwa, biciye ku kunywana n’impwemu ikwiragiye hose.

Dusubire twibaze duti: ‘Yoga yoba ishobora kugirwa gusa bwa karashishi ituma amagara amera neza n’umuzirikanyi ukaruhuka, hatagiyemwo ikintu na kimwe c’ivy’idini?’ Turavye ukuntu yaje, inyishu itegerezwa kuba oya.

Yoga Ishobora Kugushikana Hehe?

Intumbero ya yoga bwa cigwa ni iyo kuyobora umuntu ku kwiyumvamwo yuko mu buryo bw’impwemu “yafatanijwe” canke yanywanishijwe n’impwemu irengeye umuntu. Mugabo none iyo mpwemu yoba ari iyihe?

Mu gitabu kimwe (Hindu World), uwacanditse ari we Benjamin Walker avuga ivyerekeye yoga ati: “Ishobora kuba yari uburyo bw’intango bw’imigenzo y’ivy’amageza, kandi yoga mu nsobanuro yayo iracari ubundi bwoko bw’uburaguzi n’ubupfumu.” Abafilozofe b’idini y’Abahindu baremera yuko ukugira ivya yoga gushobora gutanga ububasha burengeye ubwenge bw’umuntu, naho nyene kenshi bavuga yuko iyo atari yo ntumbero ntabanduka ya yoga. Nk’akarorero, mu gitabu kimwe (Indian Philosophy), uwahora ari perezida w’Ubuhindi, Dogoteri S. Radhakrishnan, avuga ivyerekeye uwugira yoga yuko “ukwifatira mu minwe umubiri biciye ku buryo bw’uguhagarara bituma umuntu atacumva ubushuhe canke ubukanye biri ku rugero rwo hejuru cane. . . . Uwugira yoga arashobora kubona no kwumva ari kure . . . Uguhanahana iciyumviro hagati y’abantu badakoresheje uburyo busanzwe bwo kuganira kurashoboka neza. . . . Uwugira yoga arashobora gutuma umubiri wiwe utaboneka.”

Nko kubona umukinyi wa yoga aryama ku gitanda c’imisumari canke akagendagenda ku makara ashushe, kuri bamwe vyoboneka nk’amayeri, ku bandi na bo bikaboneka nk’ikintu gitwenza. Ariko ivyo ni ibintu bikunda kuba mu Buhindi, nk’uko bakunze kugira ivyo guhagarara ku kuguru kumwe, umuntu akabigira mu masaha n’amasaha ahanze amaso izuba adakoma akatsi, be n’ivyo kuniga impemu ku buryo umuntu ashobora guhambwa mu musenyi akamarayo igihe kinini kitavugwa. Muri Ruheshi 1995, ikinyamakuru kimwe (The Times of India) caravuze yuko hari agakobwa k’imyaka itatu n’igice karyamye kadakoma ku buryo umuduga upima ibiro birenga 750 bawuretse ukagaca ku nda. Isinzi ry’abantu baratangaye igihe kikangura ata na kimwe kabaye. Iyo raporo yongeyeko iti: “Bwari ububasha bwa yoga bwuzuye.”

Iyo wumva, umuntu asanzwe ntashobora kugira ikintu na kimwe muri ivyo! Ku bw’ivyo, Umukirisu ategerezwa kwibaza ati: None ivyo bintu bigoye gutyo vyerekana iki? Vyoba biva kuri Yehova Imana, “U[wu]sumba vyose, [a]kaganza isi yose,” canke vyoba biva ku rindi soko rinaka? (Zaburi 83:18) Bibiliya iratomora kuri ico kintu. Igihe Abisirayeli bagira binjire muri ca Gihugu c’Isezerano Abanyakanani babamwo, Yehova yabwiye abana ba Isirayeli biciye kuri Musa ati: “Ntimuze mwige gukora ivy’ibizira ayo mahanga akora.” Vyari “ibizira” ibihe? Musa yarabagabishije ku vyerekeye “ūragura, cank’ūtera amabara, cank’umupfumu, cank’umurozi.” (Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 18:9, 10) Ivyo bintu ni ibisesema ku Mana, kubera ari ibikorwa vy’amadayimoni bikaba n’ibikorwa vy’umubiri munyecaha.​—Ab’i Galatiya 5:19-21.

Si Ikintu Abakirisu Bohitamwo

Naho abatanga inyigisho mu vy’amagara bovuga ibindi gute, yoga ntigarukira gusa kw’ikarashishi y’umubiri. Igitabu kimwe (Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies) kirigana ivyabaye ku bantu babiri bari bagitangura kugira yoga bayobowe n’uwo bita guru, ni ukuvuga umwigisha wa yoga. Carasubiyemwo ivyo umwe yavuze. Ngo yavuze ati: “Naragize utwigoro turengeye utw’umuntu kugira ngo impemu zanje ndazinige mu gihe kirekire gishoboka, hanyuma nja guhema gusa igihe nagira nturike. . . . Umusi umwe ku mutaga, niyumvira yuko nabonye ukwezi gukayangana, kugasa n’ukugenda kwongera kuja irya n’ino. Ikindi gihe na ho, nabonye mu bwenge ishusho y’aho noba ntwikiriwe n’umwiza w’umuzitanya ari ku mutaga. Umuyobozi wanje . . . yaranezerewe cane igihe namubwira ivyo bintu nari neretswe. . . . Yaranyemeje yuko ntari nsigaje igihe kirekire ngo nshobore kubona n’ibindi vyinshi bitangaje bivuye ku kwibabaza ngize.” Umugabo agira kabiri yigana ati: “Yantegetse kurangamiza mu kirere imisi yose ntakomaguza amaso canke ngo mpindure ukuntu mpagaze. . . . Rimwe na rimwe niyumvira yuko nabonye udusase tw’umuriro mu kirere; ku bindi bihe na ho nasa n’aho mbona imibumbe yakaka umuriro be n’ibindi birungure. Umwigisha wanje yaranezerewe cane kubona utwigoro twanje twavuyemwo ikintu.”

Ivyo bintu bitangaje babona ni vyo abaguru boba bariyumviriye yuko ari zo ngaruka zibereye zotuma umuntu ashika ku ntumbero nyakuri y’imyimenyerezo y’ivya yoga. Emwe, intumbero ntabanduka ya yoga ni moksha, ikaba isigurwa ko ari ukwivanga n’impwemu ihambaye itakiri umuntu. Idondorwa ko ari “uguhagarika bukwi na bukwi (ubishaka) ubushobozi umuzirikanyi usanganywe bwo kwiyumvira.” Biratomoye yuko ivyo bitandukanye n’intumbero yashiriweho Abakirisu, bo bahabwa iyi nkeburo: “Mutange imibiri yanyu ibe ibimazi bizima vyera, bihimbara Imana, ni kwo kuyikorera kwanyu kwogira ikimazi. Ntimushushanywe n’ivy’iki gihe, yamara muhinduke rwose, mugize imitima misha, kugira ngo mumenye neza ivy’Imana igomba, ni vyo vyiza bishimwa, bitunganye rwose.”​—Abaroma 12:1, 2.

Umwimenyerezo w’umubiri umuntu yokurikirana, ni we awihitiramwo. Ariko rero, Abakirisu ntiboreka ngo hagire ikintu na kimwe, caba ico kumenyereza umubiri, gufungura, kunywa, kwambara, kwisamaza canke ikindi kintu, conona ubucuti bafitaniye na Yehova Imana. (1 Ab’i Korinto 10:31) Ku bagira imyimenyerezo ku bw’ineza gusa y’amagara yabo, hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kubigira butarimwo ukwishira mu kaga k’ivy’ubupfumu n’uburaguzi. Tugumye twirinze imigenzo be n’ivyiyumviro bishinze imizi mw’idini y’ikinyoma, twoshobora kwitegana umushasharo umuhezagiro w’Imana wo kudushiriraho urunkwekwe rushasha rw’ibintu rugororotse, aho tuzoshobora kugira amagara atagira agasembwa ku mubiri no mu muzirikanyi ibihe bidahera.​—2 Petero 3:13; Ivyahishuriwe 21:3, 4.

[Amafoto ku rup. 22]

Benshi baragira ibintu bibazigamira amagara bitarimwo ukwisuka mu vy’ubupfumu