Ukuntu Inama Nyobozi Itandukanye n’Urwego Rugengwa n’Amategeko

AMAKORANIRO y’umwaka ya sosiyete Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania ryama rigirwa guhera mu kwezi kwa Nzero kw’umwaka w’1885. Igihe itororokanywa ry’Abakirisu basizwe ryariko riragirwa mu mpera y’ikinjana ca 19, abayobozi be n’abashingwabikorwa b’urwo rwego bari bafise icizigiro c’ijuru. Kukaba nkako, ivyo vyamye bishaka kumera ukwo.

Karaciyemwo birahinduka rimwe. Mu 1940, Hayden C. Covington​—uwari ico gihe umuhanuzi wa Sosiyete mu vy’amategeko, akaba n’umwe mu bo mu “zindi ntama” afise icizigiro c’isi​—yaratowe ngo abe umuyobozi wa Sosiyete. (Yohana 10:16) Yakora bwa cegera ca perezida wa Sosiyete kuva mu 1942 gushika mu 1945. Muri ico gihe, Umuvukanyi Covington yarakuye akarenge mu vy’ukuba umuyobozi kugira ngo akurikize icasa muri ico gihe nk’ukugomba kwa Yehova​—yuko abayobozi n’abashingwabikorwa bose b’urwego rw’i Pensilivaniya baba Abakirisu basizwe. Lyman A. Swingle yarasubiriye Hayden C. Covington mu nama y’abayobozi, Frederick W. Franz na we atorwa kuba icegera ca perezida.

Ni kuki abasavyi ba Yehova bahoze bemera yuko abayobozi n’abashingwabikorwa bose ba Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania bakwiye kuba Abakirisu basizwe? Kubera yuko muri ico gihe, inama y’abayobozi n’abashingwabikorwa b’urwego rw’i Pensilivaniya bitiranywa cane n’Inama Nyobozi y’Ivyabona vya Yehova, iyamye nantaryo igizwe n’abagabo basizwe impwemu gusa.

Ikoraniro ry’Umwaka ry’Intibagiranwa

Kw’ikoraniro ry’umwaka ryabaye ku wa 2 Gitugutu 1944, i Pittsburgh, abagize urwego rw’i Pensilivaniya barafashe ivyemezo bitandatu bisubiramwo icegeranyo c’amategeko ngenderwako yarwo. Ico cegeranyo c’amategeko ngenderwako yaryo yari yavuze yuko ivy’ukugira uruhara mu matora bihabwa abaterera amahera ku bw’igikorwa ca Sosiyete, mugabo isubirwamwo rigira gatatu ryarakuyeho iyo ntunganyo. Raporo y’ikoraniro ry’uwo mwaka yavuze iti: “Ukuba umunywanyi wa Sosiyete bizohabwa abantu batarenga 500 . . . Umwe wese mu bacagurwa ategerezwa kuba umusuku w’igihe cose wa Sosiyete canke umusuku w’igice c’umwanya c’ikompanyi [ishengero] y’Ivyabona vya Yehova kandi agategerezwa kugaragaza agatima k’Umukama.”

Mu nyuma, abayobozi ba Sosiyete botegerejwe gutorwa ngo bashingwe ibikorwa n’abantu bitangiye Yehova bimwe vyuzuye, hatarabwe igitigiri c’amahera baterereye mu guteza imbere igikorwa c’Ubwami. Ico cabaye ikintu kigizwe mu buryo bujanye na ya maryohorwa agirwa intambwe ku yindi yavuzwe imbere y’igihe muri Yesaya 60:17, aho dusoma duti: “Mu gishingo c’imiringa nzozana izahabu, no mu gishingo c’ivyuma nzozana ifeza; nzane imiringa mu gishingo c’ibiti, n’ivyuma mu gishingo c’amabuye; nzokwimika amahoro abe ari yo [“bacungezi bawe,” NW], n’ukugororoka abe ari kwo [“ba gapita bawe,” NW].” Mu kwerekeza ku “bacungezi” no ku “ba gapita,” ubwo buhanuzi bwadomye urutoke ku maryohorwa y’ukuntu ivy’ukwungunganya ibintu bigenda mu basavyi ba Yehova.

Iyo ntambwe ihambaye mu vy’ukuzana ishirahamwe ku murongo wa Tewokarasi yaje ku mpera ya ya ‘majoro n’imitaga ibihumbi bibiri n’amajana atatu,’ yavuzwe muri Daniyeli 8:14. Muri ico gihe, ‘ahantu hēra harahumanuwe.’

Ariko rero, inyuma y’iryo koraniro ry’umwaka ry’intibagiranwa ryo mu 1944, harasigaye ikibazo gihambaye cane. Kubera yuko ico gihe Inama Nyobozi yitiranwa cane na ba bandi ndwi bagize inama y’abayobozi y’urwego rw’i Pensilivaniya, ivyo vyoba vyasobanura ko Inama Nyobozi itokwigeze igirwa n’Abakirisu basizwe barenga indwi? Ikindi na co, kubera yuko abo bayobozi batowe n’abagize urwo rwego, abagize urwo rwego boba ari bo bazoza baratora abagize Inama Nyobozi kw’ikoraniro ry’umwaka uko umwaka utashe? Abayobozi n’abashingwabikorwa ba sosiyete Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania boba ari bo nyene bagize Inama Nyobozi canke baratandukanye?

Irindi Koraniro ry’Umwaka ry’Intibagiranwa

Ivyo bibazo vyarishuwe kw’ikoraniro ry’umwaka ryabaye ku wa 1 Gitugutu 1971. Kuri urwo rubanza, umwe mu bashikirizansiguro yadomye urutoke ku vy’uko inama nyobozi ya “wa mushumba w’umwizerwa kandi w’incabwenge” (NW) yaboneye izuba sosiyete Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania imyaka amajana n’amajana. (Matayo 24:45-47) Inama nyobozi yashinzwe kuri Pentekote yo mu 33 G.C., ibinjana birenga 18 imbere y’uko urwego rw’i Pensilivaniya ruvuka. Mu ntango, inama nyobozi ntiyari igizwe n’abagabo 7, mugabo yari igizwe n’intumwa 12. Bigaragara yuko igitigiri c’abayigize caguwe mu nyuma, kubera yuko “i Yerusalemu [i]ntumwa n’abakuru” bayobora ibintu.​—Ivyakozwe 15:2, ni twe tubihiritse.

Mu 1971, uwo mushikirizansiguro nyene yarasiguye yuko abagize Sosiyete Watch Tower batoshoboye gutora abagize Inama Nyobozi yasizwe. Kubera iki? Yavuze ko ari “kubera yuko inama nyobozi y’umugwi wa wa ‘mushumba’ itagenwa n’umuntu n’umwe. Igenwa na . . . Yezu Kirisitu, Umutwe w’ishengero nyakuri rya gikirisu kandi akaba ari we Mukama na Databuja wa wa mugwi w’‘umushumba w’umwizerwa kandi w’incabwenge.’” Biragaragara rero yuko abagize Inama Nyobozi badashobora gutorerwa amabanga n’abagize urwego rugengwa n’amategeko urwo ari rwo rwose.

Mu kubandanya, uyo mushikirizansiguro yaravuze ibi bintu biri n’ico bivuze kinini ati: “Inama nyobozi ntifise abashingwabikorwa nka kurya Inama y’Abayobozi ya Sosiyete ibafise, ni ukuvuga perezida, icegera ca perezida, umunyamabanga mushingwabigega n’umufasha w’umunyamabanga mushingwabigega. Ico ifise gusa ni umuhagarikizi.” Mu myaka itari mike, perezida w’urwego rw’i Pensilivaniya yaba kandi ari imbere mu bagize Inama Nyobozi. Ivyo ntivyosubiye kumera ukwo. Naho abagize Inama Nyobozi badaciye uruma mu buryo bungana kandi badafise ububangukirwe bungana, abayigize ntibonganije amabanga. Umushikirizansiguro yongeyeko ati: “Uwo ari we wese wo mu bagize inama nyobozi arashobora kuba umuhagarikizi wayo atarinze guca aba perezida wa . . . Sosiyete . . . Vyose bihagaze kuri bwa buryo bwo gukurakuranwa mu vy’uguhagarikira inama nyobozi.”

Kuri iryo koraniro ry’umwaka ry’intibagiranwa ryo mu 1971, harerekanywe itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y’abagize Inama Nyobozi basizwe impwemu n’abayobozi b’urwego rw’i Pensilivaniya. N’aho nyene, abagize Inama Nyobozi barabandanije gukora bwa bayobozi n’abashingwabikorwa ba Sosiyete. Ariko rero, muri iki gihe, hari ikibazo kivyuka: Hoba hariho impamvu ishingiye ku Vyanditswe y’igituma abayobozi ba Sosiyete Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania bategerezwa kuba abo mu bagize Inama Nyobozi?

Inyishu ni oya. Urwego rw’i Pensilivaniya si co gisata kigengwa n’amategeko conyene gikoreshwa n’Ivyabona vya Yehova. Hariho n’ibindi. Kimwe ni Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Incorporated. Kirorohereza igikorwa cacu muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe. Vyaragaragaye ko umuhezagiro wa Yehova wabaye kuri urwo rwego, naho abayobozi n’abashingwabikorwa barwo bamye ahanini ari abo mu “zindi ntama.” Igisata citwa International Bible Students Association gikoreshwa mu Bwongereza. Ibindi bisata bigengwa n’amategeko birakoreshwa kugira ngo bitsimbataze inyungu z’Ubwami mu bindi bihugu. Vyose birasahiriza bisenyera ku mugozi umwe kandi birafise uruhara birangura mu gutuma inkuru nziza yamamazwa kw’isi yose. Aho vyoba biherereye hose canke abakora bwa bayobozi n’abashingwabikorwa baba bande, ivyo bisata birongorwa mu buryo bwa Tewokarasi kandi bigakoreshwa n’Inama Nyobozi, iyisubiramwo ikongera ikemeza amategeko ngenderwako yavyo. Ku bw’ico, ibisata nk’ivyo birafise amabango vyakebewe mu vy’uguteza imbere ivyungura Ubwami.

Ni ngirakamaro kuri twebwe kuba dufise ivyo bisata bigengwa n’amategeko. Gutyo turakurikiza amategeko y’ahantu canke y’igihugu dukoreramwo, nk’uko bisabwa n’Ijambo ry’Imana. (Yeremiya 32:11; Abaroma 13:1) Ibisata bigengwa n’amategeko birorohereza igikorwa cacu co gukwiragiza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami, mu gucapura Amabibiliya, ibitabu, ibinyamakuru, amaboroshire n’ibindi vyandikano. Ibisata nk’ivyo bikora kandi bwa bikoresho bigengwa n’amategeko kugira ngo vyicarire ibibazo vyerekeye ugutunga ubwatsi, utwigoro mu vyo gutabara, amasezerano mu vy’ugukoresha ibibanza vy’amahwaniro, n’ibindi. Turakura ubwatsi ku bw’imirimo irangurwa n’ibisata nk’ivyo bigengwa n’amategeko.

Izina rya Yehova Riri Imbere

Mu 1944, Ingingo ya 2 y’icegeranyo c’amategeko ngenderwako ya Sosiyete Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania yarahinduwe kugira ngo bashimike ku migambi y’urwo rwego. Nk’uko ico cegerenyo c’amategeko ngenderwako cabivuga, imigambi ya Sosiyete irimwo n’uyu mugambi nyamukuru: “Kwamamaza injili y’ubwami bw’Imana butwarwa na Kirisitu Yezu mu mahanga yose bwa cabona gishingirwa izina ry’Imana Musumbavyose YEHOVA, ijambo ryayo be n’ubukuru bwayo.”

Guhera mu 1926, “wa mushumba w’umwizerwa” yarashize imbere izina rya Yehova. Igihe cari igihambaye bidasanzwe wari umwaka w’1931, aho Abatohoji ba Bibiliya bakira izina Ivyabona vya Yehova. (Yesaya 43:10-12) Mu bisohokayandikiro vya Sosiyete vyashimitse kw’izina ry’Imana harimwo ibitabu Jéhovah (mu Congereza, mu 1934), “Que ton nom soit sanctifié” (mu 1964), be na “Les nations sauront que je suis Jéhovah”​—Comment? (1974).

Ntitwogenda tutavuze mu buryo budasanzwe ivyerekeye Bibiliya Les Saintes Écritures ​— Traduction du monde nouveau, yasohowe yose uko ingana mu Congereza mu 1960. Irimwo izina rya Yehova ahantu hose za ndome zigize iryo zina mu Giheburayo ziseruka mu Vyanditswe vy’Igiheburayo. Iyo mpinduro irimwo kandi izina ry’Imana mu bibanza 237 mu Vyanditswe vy’Ikigiriki vya Gikirisu aho umwihwezo witondewe werekana yuko ivyo vyari bikwiriye. Ese ukuntu dukura ubwatsi yuko, mu buryo butari bumwe, Yehova yaretse wa “mushumba” n’Inama Nyobozi yiwe bagakoresha uburyo bwabo bwo gusohora ibintu be n’ibisata bigengwa n’amategeko mu kumenyekanisha izina ryiwe kw’isi iyo iva ikagera!

Ikwiragizwa ry’Ijambo ry’Imana Ritsimbatazwa

Abasavyi ba Yehova bamye nantaryo bashingira intahe izina ryiwe bongera baburanira Ijambo ryiwe mu gusohora no mu gukwiragiza ibisohokayandikiro bishingiye kuri Bibiliya amamiliyoni n’amamiliyoni be na Bibiliya ubwayo. Mu ntango y’imyaka y’1900, Sosiyete Watch Tower yararonse uburenganzira bw’ugukoresha impinduro yitwa The Emphatic Diaglott, akaba ari integuro ya Benjamin Wilson yo mu Congereza no mu Kigiriki y’Ivyanditswe vy’Ikigiriki vya Gikirisu. Sosiyete yarasohoye integuro y’Abatohoji ba Bibiliya y’impinduro yitwa King James Version, iyarimwo inyongera y’impapuro 500. Mu 1942, yarasohoye impinduro yitwa King James Version ifise amarabiro yo mu nkingi. Maze, mu 1944 Sosiyete yaratanguye gucapura impinduro yitwa American Standard Version yo mu 1901, iyikoresha izina ry’Imana. Izina rya Yehova ryarashizwe ahabona no mu mpinduro yitwa The Bible in Living English ya Stephen T. Byington, iyasohowe na Sosiyete mu 1972.

Ibisata bigengwa n’amategeko bikoreshwa n’Ivyabona vya Yehova vyarasahirije mu vy’icapurwa n’ikwiragizwa ry’izo mpinduro zose za Bibiliya. Ariko rero, icibonekeje kuruta, kwabaye ugusenyera ku mugozi umwe hagati ya Sosiyete Watch Tower n’umugwi w’Ivyabona vya Yehova basizwe bagize Komite Ijejwe Ivyo Guhindura Bibiliya y’Isi Nshasha. Turanezerewe yuko gushika ubu, yaba ari yose canke ibihimba, amakopi arenga 106.400.000 y’iyo mpinduro yamaze gucapurwa mu ndimi 38. Sosiyete Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania vy’ukuri ni sosiyete y’ivya Bibiliya!

“Umushumba w’umwizerwa” yaragenywe ‘kuraba amatungo ya shebuja yose.’ Ayo arimwo inyubakwa zo ku cicaro gikuru i New York muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, be n’amashami 110 ubu ariko arakora kw’isi yose. Abagize umugwi w’umushumba barazi yuko bazogira ico babazwa ku buryo bakoresheje ivyo bajejwe. (Matayo 25:14-30) Yamara, ivyo ntibibuza uwo ‘mushumba’ kureka abacungezi bakwije ibisabwa bo mu “zindi ntama” bakarangura amabanga ajanye n’ivy’amategeko be n’ivy’intwaro. Kukaba nkako, ivyo bituma abagize Inama Nyobozi bahebera umwanya munini kuruta “gusenga no kugabura Ijambo ry’Imana.”​—Ivyakozwe 6:4.

Mu gihe ukuntu ibintu vyifashe kw’isi bizoba biyikundiye, Inama Nyobozi, iyiserukira “wa mushumba w’umwizerwa kandi w’incabwenge,” izokoresha ibisata bigengwa n’amategeko. Ivyo birabereye, mugabo si ukuvuga ko ari ntahara. Mu gihe igisata kigengwa n’amategeko gihagaritswe n’ingingo ya reta, igikorwa co kwamamaza kizobandanya. No muri iki gihe, mu bihugu birimwo ibitangirizi kandi akaba ata gisata kigengwa n’amategeko gikoreshwa, ubutumwa bw’Ubwami buriko buramamazwa, abantu bagahindurwa abigishwa kandi iyongerekana rya tewokarasi rikabandanya. Ivyo biriko birashika kubera yuko Ivyabona vya Yehova batera bakongera bakavomera, na yo ‘Imana ikabandanya gukuza.’​—1 Ab’i Korinto 3:6, 7.

Uko duhanga amaso kazoza, turizigiye yuko Yehova azokwitwararika ivyo abasavyi biwe bakeneye mu vy’impwemu no mu vy’umubiri. We n’Umwana wiwe Yezu Kirisitu, bazobandanya gutanga ubuyobozi buva mw’ijuru n’imfashanyo ikenewe kugira ngo igikorwa co kwamamaza Ubwami kinonosorwe. Ego ni ko, ivyo turangura vyose bwa basavyi b’Imana ntibikorwa ‘ku bw’inkomezi, si ku bw’ubushobozi, ariko ni ku bw’impwemu ya Yehova.’ (Zekariya 4:6) Turasenga rero dusaba imfashanyo y’Imana, tuzi yuko bivuye ku nkomezi Yehova atanga, tuzoshobora kurangiza igikorwa yaduhaye gukora muri iki gihe c’iherezo!