Yehova Ni Imana y’Amasezerano
“Nzosezerana isezerano risha n’umuryango wa Isirayeli n’umuryango wa Yuda.”—YEREMIYA 31:31.
1, 2. (a) Ni ihimbaza irihe Yezu yatanguje mw ijoro ryo ku wa 14 Nisani, mu 33 G.C.? (b) Yezu yerekeje kw isezerano irihe mu bijanye n’urupfu rwiwe?
MW IJORO ryo ku wa 14 Nisani, mu 33 G.C., Yezu yarahimbaje Pasika ari kumwe n’intumwa ziwe 12. Kubera Yezu yari azi ko iyo yobaye ingaburo ya nyuma asangiye na bo n’uko vuba yopfuye aguye mu minwe y’abansi biwe, yaboneyeho akaryo ko gusigurira abigishwa biwe bifatanije cane na we, ibintu vyinshi bihambaye.—Yohana 13:1–17:26.
2 Ico gihe, inyuma y’aho Yuda Isikariyota yirukaniwe, ni ho Yezu yatanguza iyubahirizwa ryo mu vy’idini rigirwa buri mwaka ryonyene ryategetswe ku Bakirisu—ni ryo Cibutso c’urupfu rwiwe. Iyo nkuru ivuga iti: “Bariko bararya, Yesu yābīra umutsima, awuhezagiye arawumanyagura, awuha abigishwa, ati Ni mwābīre, murye, uyu n’umubiri wanje. Yābīra igikombe, agishimira Imana, arakibaha, ati Ni mukinywereko mwese, kukw iki ar’amaraso yanje y’isezerano, aviriye benshi ngo baharirwe ivyaha.” (Matayo 26:26-28) Abayoboke ba Yezu bari kwibukiriza urupfu rwiwe mu buryo bworoheje, bw’urupfasoni. Kandi Yezu yarerekeje ku vy’isezerano mu bijanye n’urupfu rwiwe. Mu nkuru iri muri Luka, ryitwa “isezerano risha.”—Luka 22:20.
3. Ni ibibazo ibihe bibazwa ku vyerekeye isezerano risha?
3 Iryo sezerano risha ni iki? Ko ari isezerano risha, ivyo vyoba bishaka kuvuga ko hariho isezerano rya kera? Hoba hariho ayandi masezerano afise ico apfana na ryo? Ivyo ni ibibazo bihambaye kubera ko Yezu yavuze ko amaraso yo muri iryo sezerano yosheshwe ‘ngo ivyaha biharirwe.’ Twese turakeneye cane rwose ukwo guharirwa.—Abaroma 3:23.
Isezerano Ryagiranywe na Aburahamu
4. Ni umuhango uwuhe watanzwe kera udufasha gutahura isezerano risha?
4 Kugirango dutahure iryo sezerano risha, turinda gusubiza ivyiyumviro inyuma nko ku myaka 2 000 imbere y’uko igikenurwa ca Yezu co kw isi gitangura, igihe Tera n’umuryango wiwe—dushizemwo Aburamu (uwahavuye yitwa Aburahamu) n’umugore wa Aburamu, Sarayi (uwahavuye yitwa Sara)—bagira urugendo ruruhisha bava i Uri ho mu Bukaludaya ahari ubutunzi bakaja i Harani mu Buraruko bw’i Mezopotamiya. Baragumyeyo gushika aho Tera apfiriye. Maze, bitegetswe na Yehova, Aburahamu uwari amaze imyaka 75 y’amavuka yarajabutse Uruzi Efurate hanyuma afata urugendo agana ubumanuko bushira uburengero aja mu gihugu c’i Kanani, ahaba nk’umwangazi mu mahema. (Itanguriro 11:31–12:1, 4, 5; Ivyakozwe 7:2-5) Aho hari mu 1943 B.G.C. Igihe Aburahamu yari akiri i Harani, Yehova yamubwiye ati: “Nzoguhindura ubgoko bukomeye, nzoguha umugisha, izina ryawe ndarigire rurangiranwa; n’abandi baze bagire umugisha kubgawe. Abazoguhezagira nzobahezagira, kand’ūzokuvuma nzomuvuma: kandi muri wewe ni ho imiryango yose yo mw isi [izokwiheshereza] umugisha.” Mu nyuma, aho Aburahamu amariye kujabuka akinjira i Kanani, Yehova yarongeyeko ati: “[Urubuto, NW] rwawe nzoruha iki gihugu.”—Itanguriro 12:2, 3, 7.
5. Umuhango Yehova yahaye Aburahamu ufatanye n’ubuhe buhanuzi bw’intibagirwa?
5 Nya muhango wahawe Aburahamu wari ufise ico upfana n’uwundi muhango wo mu yo Yehova yatanze. Si ivy’imbeshere, wagize Aburahamu umuntu w’ishimikiro mu nkuru z’ivyabaye zerekeye umuntu, umugira nk’ikiraro mw isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bwa mbere na mbere bwigeze kwandikwa. Inyuma y’aho Adamu na Eva bakoreye icaha mw itongo ry’i Edeni, Yehova yarabasomeye urubanza bompi uko ari babiri, hanyuma ico gihe nyene abwira Shetani we yari yahenze Eva, ati ‘Nzoshira inyankane hagati yawe n’umugore, no hagati y’urubuto rwawe n’urubuto rwiwe. [Runo] azogufyonyora mu mutwe, nawe uzomufyonyora mu gitsintsiri.’ (Itanguriro 3:15, NW) Isezerano Yehova yagiranye na Aburahamu ryarerekanye yuko urubuto vyociyeko ngo ibikorwa vya Shetani bihindurwe ubusa rwobonetse mu bokomotse kuri uwo muvyaramiryango.
6. (a) Umuhango Yehova yahaye Aburahamu wosohoye biciye kuri nde? (b) Isezerano rya Aburahamu ni iki?
6 Kubera ko uwo muhango Yehova yatanze wari n’ico upfana n’urubuto, Aburahamu yari akeneye umwana w’umuhungu vyociyeko ngo nya Rubuto ruze. Ariko we hamwe na Sara bari barashaje, kandi nta kana bari bwaronke. Ariko amaherezo, Yehova yarabahaye umugisha, ku gitangaro arongera kuvyutsa ububasha bwabo bwo kuvyara, hanyuma Sara yibarukira Aburahamu umwana w’umuhungu, ari we Isaka, gutyo aba atumye wa muhango w’ivy’urubuto uguma ari muzima. (Itanguriro 17:15-17; 21:1-7) Haciye imyaka, aho Yehova amariye gusuzuma ukwizera kwa Aburahamu—kugeza n’aho agira umutima wo gutangako ikimazi Isaka umuhungu wiwe yakunda cane—Yehova yarasubiyemwo umuhango yahaye Aburahamu ati: “Eka mbere no kuguha umugisha nzowuguha, kandi no kugwiza nzogwiza [urubuto, NW] rwawe, rungane n’inyenyeri zo kw ijuru, canke n’umusenyi wo mw isēsero ry’ikiyaga; kandi ruzokwegukira amarembo y’abansi barwo; kandi mu [rubuto, NW] rwawe ni ho amahanga yose yo mw isi [azokwiheshereza] umugisha, kuko wanyumviye.” (Itanguriro 22:15-18) Uwo muhango urēhuruwe ukunda kwitwa isezerano rya Aburahamu, kandi isezerano risha ryogizwe mu nyuma ryobaye riri n’ico ripfana na ryo cane.
7. Urubuto rwa Aburahamu rwatanguye kwongerekana mu gitigiri ryari, kandi ni ibintu biki vyatumye batūra muri Egiputa?
7 Hashize igihe, Isaka yararonse abahungu b’amahasa, Esau na Yakobo. Yehova yahisemwo Yakobo ngo abe sekuruza wa nya Rubuto rw’Isezerano. (Itanguriro 28:10-15; Abaroma 9:10-13) Yakobo yagize abahungu 12. Birumvikana, ico rero cari igihe c’uko urubuto rwa Aburahamu rutangura kugwira. Aho abahungu ba Yakobo babereye abantu bakuze, benshi bakagira ingo zabo, ikigoyi catumye bose bimukira epfo mu Misiri, aho Yozefu mwene Yakobo yari yateguye inzira biciye ku buyobozi bw’Imana. (Itanguriro 45:5-13; 46:26, 27) Inyuma y’imyaka mikeyi, nya kigoyi i Kanani caracureshe. Ariko umuryango wa Yakobo wagumye mu Misiri—ubwa mbere ari nk’abashitsi ariko mu nyuma baba nk’abaja. Habanje kugera umwaka w’1513 B.G.C., ni ukuvuga hashize imyaka 430 inyuma y’aho Aburahamu ajabukiye Efurate, muko Musa ayobora abakomoka kuri Yakobo abakura mu Misiri ngo bagire umwidegemvyo. (Kuvayo 1:8-14; 12:40, 41; Ab’i Galatiya 3:16, 17) Yehova buno rero yokwitwararitse bimwe bidasanzwe isezerano yagiranye na Aburahamu.—Kuvayo 2:24; 6:2-5.
“Isezerano rya Kera”
8. Ni ibiki Yehova yumvikanye n’uruvyaro rwa Yakobo kuri Sinayi, kandi ivyo vyapfana iki n’isezerano rya Aburahamu?
8 Igihe Yakobo n’abahungu biwe bimukira mu Misiri, bari umuryango wagutse, ariko ababakomotseko bavuye mu Misiri ari nk’umugwi munini w’imiryango yarondotse cane. (Kuvayo 1:5-7; 12:37, 38) Imbere y’uko Yehova abazana i Kanani, yabajanye amaja mu bumanuko mw imerero ry’umusozi witwa Horebu (canke, Sinayi) muri Arabiya. Ngaho, yaragiranye na bo isezerano. Iryo ryaje kwitwa “isezerano rya kera” uryerekeje kw “isezerano risha.” (2 Ab’i Korinto 3:14) Biciye kw isezerano rya kera, Yehova yarasohoje mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo isezerano yagiranye na Aburahamu.
9. (a) Ni ibintu bine ibihe Yehova yatanzeko umuhango biciye kw isezerano rya Aburahamu? (b) Ni ibindi vyizero ibihe vyatanzwe n’isezerano Yehova yagiranye na Isirayeli, kandi vyoshobotse ari uko hakozwe iki?
9 Yehova yarasiguriye Isirayeli ivyatunganijwe muri iryo sezerano, ati: ‘Nimwanyumvira, mukitondera isezerano ryanje, muzombera inyegu niharije, nitoranirije mu mahanga yose: kukw isi yose ari iyanje; kandi muzombera ubwami bw’abaherezi, ihanga ryera.’ (Kuvayo 19:5, 6) Yehova yari yatanze umuhango w’uko urubuto rwa Aburahamu (1) rwobaye ihanga rikomeye, (2) rwohawe intsinzi ku bansi barwo, (3) rworazwe igihugu c’i Kanani, kandi ko (4) rwobaye umuhora amahanga yoronkeyeko imigisha. Buno yahishuye ko bo ubwabo borazwe iyo migisha bari nk’igisata ciwe yiharije ari co Isirayeli, icobaye “ubgami, ubgoko bg’abaherezi, ihanga ryera,” mu gihe bumviye amategeko yiwe. Abisirayeli none baremeye kwinjira muri iryo sezerano? Bishuriye icarimwe bati: “Ivyo [Yehova] avuze vyose tuzobikora.”—Kuvayo 19:8.
10. Yehova yungunganije gute Abisirayeli abagira ihanga rimwe, kandi yari abitezeko ibiki?
10 Ku bw’ico, Yehova yarungunganije Abisirayeli abagira ihanga. Yabahaye amategeko agenga ugusenga hamwe n’ubuzima bw’abanyagihugu. Yaranatanze itaberenakulo (iryahavuye riba urusengero i Yeruzalemu), abaha n’ubuherezi bwo gukora umurimo mweranda muri iryo taberenakulo. Kugumya iryo sezerano vyasobanura kwumvira amategeko ya Yehova, na canecane kumusenga wenyene. Irya mbere muri ya Mabwirizwa Cumi yari agize intimatima y’ayo mategeko ryari iri: “Nd[i Yehova] Imana yawe, yagukūye mu gihugu ca Egiputa, mu nzu y’ubuja. Ntukagire izindi mana umbangikanya.”—Kuvayo 20:2, 3.
Imigisha Biciye kw Isezerano ry’Ivyagezwe
11, 12. Ni mu buryo ubuhe imihango iri mw isezerano rya kera yasohoye ku vyerekeye Isirayeli?
11 Mbega imihango yo mw Isezerano ry’Ivyagezwe yarasohoye ku vyerekeye Isirayeli? Isirayeli yoba yarabaye “ihanga ryera”? Kuberako Abisirayeli bari abakomoka kuri Adamu, bari abanyavyaha. (Abaroma 5:12) Mugabo, mu gihe c’Ivyagezwe, haratangwa ibimazi ngo bipfuke ivyaha vyabo. Ku biraba ibimazi vyatangwa ku Musi w’Impongano wahaba buri mwaka, Yehova yavuze ati: “Kur’uwo musi [ni] ho muzotangirwa impongano, kugira ngo muhumanurwe: nuko muzoba muhumanuwe ivyaha vyanyu vyose imbere yanje, jewe [Yehova].” (Abalewi 16:30) Igihe Isirayeli yari nyizerwa rero, ryari ihanga ryera, rihumanuriwe gukora umurimo wa Yehova. Ariko ubwo buhumanuke bwava ku kwumvira Ivyagezwe kwabo no ku kubandanya batanga ibimazi.
12 None Isirayeli yarabaye ‘ubwami bw’abaherezi’? Kuva mu ntango, bwari ubwami, Yehova akaba Umwami wo mw ijuru. (Yesaya 33:22) Ikindi, mw isezerano ry’Ivyagezwe hǎrimwo ivyatunganijwe vy’uko hoba ubwami bwa kimuntu, ku buryo mu nyuma Yehova yaserukiwe n’abami baganziriza i Yeruzalemu. (Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 17:14-18) Ariko none Isirayeli yari ubwami bw’abaherezi? Urabona, yari ifise ubuherezi bwakora umurimo mweranda kw itaberenakulo. Iyo taberenakulo (iyahavuye iba urusengero) ni yo yabaye intimatima y’ivy’ugusenga gutyorotse, ku Bisirayeli no ku batari Abisirayeli nyene. Kandi iryo hanga ni ryo ryonyene ryari umuhora ukuri kwahishuwe kwacako ngo gushikire abantu. (2 Ngoma 6:32, 33; Abaroma 3:1, 2) Abisirayeli bose b’abizerwa, atari gusa abaherezi b’Abalewi, bari “ivyabona” vya Yehova. Isirayeli yari ‘umusavyi’ wa Yehova, yaremwe ngo ‘amenyekanishe ishimwe ryiwe.’ (Yesaya 43:10, 21) Abanyamahanga benshi barabonye ububasha bwa Yehova mu vyo akorera igisata ciwe hanyuma barakwegērwa ku gusenga gutyorotse. Barahindutse abakebanuke. (Yosuwa 2:9-13) Ariko umuryango umwe gusa ni wo vy’ukuri wakora nk’abaherezi basizwe.
Abakebanuke Muri Isirayeli
13, 14. (a) Ni kuki bishobora kuvugwa ko abakebanuke batari bafise uruhara mw isezerano ry’Ivyagezwe? (b) Ni gute abakebanuke bacitse abaganzwa n’isezerano ry’Ivyagezwe?
13 Mwen’abo bakebanuke bari bafise ikibanza giki? Igihe Yehova yagira isezerano ryiwe, yarigiranye na Isirayeli gusa; abo mw “igugu ry’ikivange,” naho ari ho bari, ntibavuzwe ko barifisemwo uruhara. (Kuvayo 12:38; 19:3, 7, 8) Imfura zabo ntizashizwemwo igihe igiciro c’incungu co gutangira imfura z’Abisirayeli caharurwa. (Guharūra 3:44-51) Haciye imyaka mirongo, igihe igihugu c’i Kanani cagabanganirizwa imiryango y’Abisirayeli, nta kintu cashiriwe ku ruhande abizeye batari Abisirayeli. (Itanguriro 12:7; Yosuwa 13:1-14) Kuki? Kuko isezerano ry’Ivyagezwe ritagiranywe n’abakebanuke. Ariko abagabo b’abakebanuke barumviye Ivyagezwe, barakebwa. Barubahirije amategeko ari muri vyo, hanyuma barungukira ku vyatunganijwe na vyo. Abakebanuke hamwe n’Abisirayeli bacitse abaganzwa n’isezerano ry’Ivyagezwe.—Kuvayo 12:48, 49; Guharūra 15:14-16; Abaroma 3:19.
14 Nk’akarorero, mu gihe umukebanuke yishe umuntu kw isanganya, yarashobora kwirukira mu gisagara c’ubuhungiro, cokimwe n’Umwisirayeli. (Guharūra 35:15, 22-25; Yosuwa 20:9) Ku Musi w’Impongano haratangwa ishikanwa “[ritangiwe] ishengero ryose ry’Abisirayeli.” Abakebanuke, kubera ko bari mu bagize ishengero, muri ivyo barashirwamwo kandi bagapfukīrwa na nya kimazi. (Abalewi 16:7-10, 15, 17, 29; Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 23:7, 8) Abakebanuke bari bifatanije cane n’Abisirayeli mu kuganzwa n’Ivyagezwe, ku buryo na bone bagize ico bunguka kuri Pentekote yo mu 33 G.C., igihe ‘urupfunguzo rw’ubwami’ rwa mbere rwakoreshwa ku bw’Abayuda. Ico vyavuyemwo, “Nikolayo, Umunyantiyokiya yatoye idini y’Abayuda,” yarabaye Umukirisu hanyuma aja mu ‘bantu ndwi bashimwa’ bagennywe ngo biteho ivyo ikorane ry’i Yeruzalemu ryari rikeneye.—Matayo 16:19; Ivyakozwe 2:5-10; 6:3-6; 8:26-39.
Yehova Ahunda Imigisha Urubuto rwa Aburahamu
15, 16. Isezerano Yehova yagiraniye na Aburahamu ryasohoye gute mu gihe c’isezerano ry’Ivyagezwe?
15 Aho abakomoka kuri Aburahamu bamariye kwungunganywa bakagirwa ihanga riganzwa n’Ivyagezwe, Yehova yarabahunze imigisha nk’uko umuhango yahaye uwo muvyaramiryango wari. Mu 1473 B.G.C., Yosuwa uwasubiriye Musa yararongōye Isirayeli ayinjiza i Kanani. Ukugabanganiriza ico gihugu nya miryango kwagizwe mu nyuma kwarasohoje umuhango Yehova yari yaratanze wo kwegurira ico gihugu urubuto rwa Aburahamu. Igihe Isirayeli yari nyizerwa, Yehova yarasohoje umuhango yatanze wo kubaha intsinzi ku bansi babo. Ivyo ni ko vyagenze canecane mu gihe c’inganji y’Umwami Dawidi. Mu gihe ca Salomo umuhungu wa Dawidi, hari umuce ugira gatatu w’isezerano rya Aburahamu wasohoye. “Abayuda n’Abisirayeli bār’isinzi, bangana n’umusenyi wo mw isēsero ry’ikiyaga; kandi bārarya, bāranywa, bakanezerwa.”—1 Abami 4:20.
16 Ni mu buryo ki none amahanga yokwihesheje umugisha biciye kuri Isirayeli, urubuto rwa Aburahamu? Nk’uko twamaze kubivuga, Isirayeli yari igisata Yehova yiharije, kimuserukira mu mahanga. Hasigaye igihe gito ngo Isirayeli ihonyore muri Kanani, Musa yavuze ati: “Yemwe banyamahanga, ni munezeranwe n’abantu [biwe].” (Gusubira mu Vyagezwe 32:43) Abanyamahanga benshi baritavye. “Igugu ry’ikivange” ryari ryamaze gukurikira Isirayeli igihe bava mu Misiri ryariboneye ububasha bwa Yehova mu bugaragwa, ryongera rirumva ubutumire Musa abahaye bwo kunezerwa. (Kuvayo 12:37, 38) Mu nyuma, Umunyamowabukazi Rusi yarabiriwe n’Umwisirayeli Bowazi hanyuma aba inakuruza wa Mesiya. (Rusi 4:13-22) Yehonadabu Umunyakeni n’abamukomokako hamwe n’Umunyetiyopiya Ebedumeleki, barerekanye ubudasa mu vy’ukwumira ku ngingo zigororotse igihe Abisirayeli b’imvukira benshi baba abahemu. (2 Abami 10:15-17; Yeremiya 35:1-19; 38:7-13) Ku Nganji y’Abaperesi, abanyamahanga benshi barakebanutse hanyuma bararwaniriza hamwe na Isirayeli abansi bayo.—Esiteri 8:17, NW, akajambo k’epfo.
Isezerano Risha Rikenerwa
17. (a) Ni kuki Yehova yahevye ubwami bwa Isirayeli bwo mu buraruko n’ubwo mu bumanuko? (b) Ni ibiki vyatumye Abayuda bahebwa rimwe rizima?
17 Mugabo, kugirango iryo hanga Imana yiharije ribone isohora ryuzuye ry’umuhango yatanze, ryabwirizwa kuba iryizerwa. Ariko siko ryabaye. Ego niko, harabayeho Abisirayeli b’ukwizera kwibonekeje. (Abaheburayo 11:32–12:1) Yamara rero, kenshi iryo hanga ryarahindukiriye imana za gipagani, ryizigiye kuhungukira ivy’umubiri. (Yeremiya 34:8-16; 44:15-18) Hari abantu bakurikije nabi Ivyagezwe canke gusa baravyikuramwo. (Nehemiya 5:1-5; Yesaya 59:2-8; Malaki 1:12-14) Inyuma y’urupfu rwa Salomo, Isirayeli yarigabuyemwo ubwami bwo mu buraruko n’ubwo mu bumanuko. Aho ubwami bwo mu buraruko bubonekeye ko bugararije bimwe vya ruhebwa, Yehova yamenyesheje ati: “Wewe ko wataye ubgenge, nuko nanje nzoguta, ntuzoba ukiba umuherezi wanje.” (Hoseya 4:6) Ubwami bwo mu bumanuko na bwo nyene bwarahanywe bimwe bikomeye kubera ko bwabonetse ko bwabeshe kuri nya sezerano. (Yeremiya 5:29-31) Igihe Abayuda banka Yezu ngo si Mesiya, Yehova na wene yarabanse. (Ivyakozwe 3:13-15; Abaroma 9:31–10:4) Amaherezo, Yehova yaragize indinganizo nshasha kugirango ashitse rya sezerano rya Aburahamu mu buryo butagira agahaze.—Abaroma 3:20.
18, 19. Ni indinganizo nshasha iyihe Yehova yagize ku buryo isezerano rya Aburahamu rishobora gusohozwa mu buryo buherejeko?
18 Iyo ndinganizo nshasha yari ryo sezerano risha. Yehova ivyo yarabimenyesheje imbere y’igihe hamwe yavuga ati: “Eh’imisi igira ize, ni jewe [Yehova] mbivuze, aho nzosezerana isezerano risha n’umuryango wa Isirayeli n’umuryango wa Yuda: . . . iri ni ryo sezerano nzosezerana n’umuryango w’Abisirayeli hanyuma y’iyo misi, ni jewe [Yehova] mbivuze; nzoshira ivyagezwe vyanje imbere muri bo, no mu mitima yabo ni ho nzovyandika; nanje nzobabera Imana, na bo bazoba abantu banje.”—Yeremiya 31:31-33.
19 Iryo ni ryo sezerano risha Yezu yerekejeko ku wa 14 Nisani, mu 33 G.C. Kuri ico gihe, yarahishuye ko isezerano ryatanzweko umuhango ryari hafi kugirwa hagati y’abigishwa biwe na Yehova, Yezu akaba we muhuza. (1 Ab’i Korinto 11:25; 1 Timoteyo 2:5; Abaheburayo 12:24) Biciye kuri iryo sezerano risha, umuhango Yehova yahaye Aburahamu wogize isohora ry’ubwiza kandi riramba, nk’uko tuja kubibona mu kiganiro gikurikira.
Wobisigura?
◻ Ni ibiki Yehova yasezeranye mw isezerano rya Aburahamu?
◻ Ni gute Yehova yashikije isezerano rya Aburahamu kuri Isirayeli yo mu vy’umubiri?
◻ Abakebanuke bungukiye gute kw isezerano rya kera?
◻ Ni kuki hari hakenewe isezerano risha?
[Ifoto ku rup. 19]
Biciye kw isezerano ry’Ivyagezwe, Yehova yarashikije isezerano rya Aburahamu mu buryo bw’intango