Woba wari ubizi?
Mu Banyefeso 2:11-15, intumwa Paulo yoba yariko yerekeza ku gihome cariho vy’ukuri, igihe yavuga ibijanye n’igihome catandukanya Abisirayeli n’Abanyamahanga?
Igihe intumwa Paulo yandikira ikete Abanyefeso, yarahushanije Abisirayeli na “ba kavantara.” Yavuze yuko hari hariho ‘igihome catandukanya’ iyo migwi ibiri. (Abanyefeso 2:11-15) Paulo yariko yerekeza kuri “rya Tegeko ry’amabwirizwa” ryatanzwe biciye kuri Musa, ariko kuba yarakoresheje ijambo “igihome” bitegerezwa kuba vyaribukije abasomye iryo kete igihome c’amabuye cabayeho vy’ukuri.
Mu kinjana ca mbere G.C., urusengero rwa Yehova rwari i Yeruzalemu rwari rufise ibigo bitari bike bitapfa kwinjirwamwo n’uwo ari we wese. Umuntu uwo ari we wese yarashobora kwinjira mu Kigo c’abanyamahanga, mugabo Abayuda be n’abinjiye idini ry’Abayuda ni bo gusa binjira mu kigo ico ari co cose mu vyari bigize urusengero. Ivyo bibanza bitinjirwamwo n’umuntu uwo ari we wese be n’ivyo vyinjirwamwo n’uwo ari we wese, vyari bitandukanijwe n’igihome c’amabuye citwa Soreg, bivugwa ko cari gifise uburebure bw’imetero nk’imwe na santimetero 30. Twisunze ibivugwa n’umutohozakahise w’Umuyuda wo mu kinjana ca mbere yitwa Flavius Josèphe, kuri ico gihome hari harashizweko ibintu vyanditswe mu kigiriki no mu kilatini, vyaburira Abanyamahanga ngo ntibarengane ico gihome ngo bahave bahonyoza ikirenge mu bibanza vyeranda.
Kimwe muri ivyo bintu vyari vyanditswe mu kigiriki vyari kuri ico gihome catandukanya iyo migwi caratowe. Basanze canditsweko giti: “Ntihaze hagire kavantara ajabuka uruhome ngo yinjire mu kibanza kiri hagati yarwo n’impome z’ahantu heranda. Uwo wese azofatwa yarujabutse, ni we azoba yikwegeye urupfu ruzoca rumushikira.”
Biboneka ko Paulo yakoresheje ico gihome Soreg yerekeza kw’isezerano ryari rishingiye kw’Itegeko rya Musa, iryamaze igihe kinini ritandukanya Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga. Urupfu rwa Yezu rwo kwitangako inkuka rwarakuyeho iryo sezerano ryari rishingiye kw’Itegeko, gutyo aba “[asenyuye] ca gihome cari hagati.”
Ni kubera iki kenshi muri Bibiliya havugwa imiryango 12 ya Isirayeli kandi mu bisanzwe hariho imiryango 13?
Imiryango yari igize Isirayeli yakomoka ku bahungu ba Yakobo, uwo izina ryiwe ryahavuye rihindurwa rikaba Isirayeli. Uwo sekuruza w’imiryango yari afise abahungu 12, ari bo Rubeni, Simeyoni, Lewi, Yuda, Dani, Nafutali, Gadi, Asheri, Isakari, Zebuloni, Yozefu be na Benyamini. (Itanguriro 29:32–30:24; 35:16-18) Cumi n’umwe muri abo bahungu bavukana bari bafise imiryango yitiriwe amazina yabo, ariko nta muryango witiriwe izina rya Yozefu. Ahubwo, imiryango ibiri yitiriwe abahungu biwe, ari bo Efurayimu na Manase, abaronse uburenganzira bwose bwo kuba abakuru b’imiryango. Ku bw’ivyo rero, igitigiri c’imiryango yari igize Isirayeli cari 13. Ni kubera iki none Bibiliya akenshi ivuga imiryango 12?
Mu Bisirayeli, abagabo bakomoka mu muryango wa Lewi bari barashizwe ku ruhande kugira ngo barangure igikorwa co kw’itaberenakulo ya Yehova, mu nyuma na ho barangura ico ku rusengero. Ku bw’ivyo, ntibakora ibikorwa vya gisirikare. Yehova yabwiye Musa ati: “Umuryango wa Lewi wo ntuz’uwuharūre, canke ng’urīmbūre igitigiri cabo mu Bisirayeli bandi. Arikw Abalewi uz’ubagire abo kuzezwa iryo hema ry’Ibishinga intahe, n’ibintu vyose vy’imbombovu vyo muri ryo, ivyaryo vyose.”—Guharūra 1:49, 50.
Abalewi ntibanaronse akarere bwa mugabane muri ca Gihugu c’isezerano. Ahubwo bahawe ibisagara 48 bikwiragiye hirya no hino mu karere ka Isirayeli.—Guharūra 18:20-24; Yosuwa 21:41.
Kubera izo mpamvu zibiri, umuryango wa Lewi ntiwakunda gushirwamwo igihe baba bariko baraharura imiryango yari igize Isirayeli. Ni co gituma imiryango yari igize Isirayeli akenshi yaharurwa ko ari 12.—Guharūra 1:1-15.
[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 21]
Archaeological Museum of Istanbul