Aalyũli Elĩ Ala Matũngĩĩie Ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai Nthĩnĩ wa Ũtianĩo Mweũ
Katĩ wa mboya ila andũ mamanyaa mbee vyũ nĩ Mboya ya Mwĩaĩi, ĩla Yesũ wamanyĩisye aatĩĩi make. Mboya ĩno ĩkwatĩkanaa Maandĩkonĩ ala mũno mũno metawa Ũtianĩo Mweũ. Mboya ĩsu yambĩĩe atĩĩ: “Asa waitũ ũla wĩ ĩtunĩ, ĩsyĩtwa yaku yĩtaĩwe [kana yĩthewʼe].” (Mathayo 6:9) Ĩndĩ o na vailye ũu, ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai, yĩla kĩthyomonĩ kya Kĩsũngũ nĩ “Jehovah,” kana mavinda amwe “Yahweh,”a yĩikwatĩkanaa kaingĩ Maandĩkonĩ ma Ũtianĩo Mweũ ma Mbivilia sya Kĩsũngũ. Ĩndĩ, Mbivilia isu, nĩsyĩthĩawa na masyĩtwa ma ngai sya ũvũngũ, ta Nzeusi, Emesi, na Alitemi. Kwoou, Mbivilia isu iyaĩlĩte kũweta ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai ũla wa wʼo na Mũandĩkĩthya wa Mbivilia?—Meko ma Atũmwa 14:12; 19:35; 2 Timotheo 3:16.
Maandĩko ma Ũtianĩo Mweũ nĩmawetete masyĩtwa me kĩvathũkanyʼo ma ngai sya ũvũngũ, kwoou, we ndũkwona maĩle kwĩthĩwa mawetete ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai wa wʼo?
Aalyũli ma Mbivilia sya Kĩsũngũ Lancelot Shadwell na Frederick Parker maĩkĩĩaa kana ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai nĩyaĩlĩte kũtũngĩĩwa nthĩnĩ wa Ũtianĩo Mweũ. Nĩkĩ twaĩle kũtũmĩa ndeto “kũtũngĩĩwa”? Nũndũ mawetete kana ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai yaĩ vo kuma tene ĩndĩ ĩtina yavetwa. Nĩkĩ maĩtye ũu?
Shadwell na Parker nĩmeesĩ kana mavuku ma tene ma Maandĩko ala kaingĩ metawa Ũtianĩo Mũkũũ, ala kuma mbeenĩ vyũ maandĩkĩtwe kĩthyomonĩ kya Kĩevelania, methĩawa na ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai mavinda ngili mbingĩ. Kwoou, masengʼaa nĩkĩ mavuku ma tene ma Mbivilia ma Ũtianĩo Mweũ, ala maĩ kwʼo ĩvindanĩ yĩu, mataĩ na ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai yĩ yĩima.b O na ĩngĩ, Shadwell nĩwoonie kana yĩla mavuku asu ma tene ma Ũtianĩo Mweũ matũmĩa ndeto syĩsĩkĩe mũno syumĩtwʼe Ũtianĩonĩ Mũkũũ, ta “mũlaĩka wa Yeova,” veonekana ala maumĩĩasya Ũtianĩo Mweũ kĩthyomonĩ kya Kĩkiliki makũanisye ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai na ndeto ta Kyʹri·os, ĩla yonanasya “Mwĩaĩi.”—2 Asumbĩ 1:3, 15; Meko ma Atũmwa 12:23.
Ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai kĩthyomonĩ kya Kĩevelania
O na Shadwell na Parker matamba kumĩthya Mbivilia syoo sya Kĩsũngũ, aalyũli angĩ nĩmatũngĩĩĩte ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai Mbivilianĩ syoo sya Kĩsũngũ sya Ũtianĩo Mweũ, ĩndĩ o kũndũ kũnini.c Mwaka wa 1863 ũtavikĩte, Parker nĩwaumĩthisye Mbivilia yĩtawa A Literal Translation of the New Testament. Vaiĩ mũalyũli ũngĩ wa kĩthyomo kya Kĩsũngũ wĩsĩkĩe kwĩthĩwa atũngĩĩie ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai kũndũ kwingĩ ũu Mbivilianĩ ndumbĩthye ya Ũtianĩo Mweũ. Lancelot Shadwell na Frederick Parker maĩ aaũ?
Lancelot Shadwell
Lancelot Shadwell (1808-1861) aĩ wokili na mwana wa Sir Lancelot Shadwell, ũla waĩ mũnini wa mũnene mũna wa England (vice-chancellor). Aĩ wa Ĩkanĩsa ya England. O na kau nĩwaĩkĩĩaa Ũtatũ, nĩwanengete ndaĩa ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai, yĩla waeleisye ta “Ĩsyĩtwa ĩtheu ya YEOVA.” Mbivilianĩ yake, The Gospels of Matthew, and of Mark, atũmĩie ĩsyĩtwa “Yeova” mavinda 28 mĩsoanĩ na mavinda 465 maelesyonĩ ma mĩsoa ĩsu.
Nĩvatonyeka Shadwell akethĩwa eemanyĩisye ĩũlũ wa ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai kwa kũyona Ũtianĩonĩ Mũkũũ kĩthyomonĩ kya tene kya Kĩevelania. Awetie kana ala makũanĩtye ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai na ndeto Kyʹri·os Maandĩkonĩ ma Ũtianĩo Mũkũũ ma kĩthyomo kya Kĩkiliki “mayaĩ aalyũli aĩkĩĩku.”
The Gospel according to Matthew rendered into English with notes, by L. Shadwell (1859), provided by the Bodleian Libraries. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 UK. Modified: Text highlighted
Mbivilia ĩla Shadwell waalyũlile yonanĩtye Mathayo 1:20
Mbivilianĩ yake, Shadwell atũmĩie ĩsyĩtwa “Yeova” kwa ĩvinda ya mbee nthĩnĩ wa Mathayo 1:20. Maelesyo ala waandĩkie ĩũlũ wa mũsoa ũsu maĩtye: “Ndeto [Kyʹri·os] vaa, na ilungunĩ ingĩ mbingĩ sya [ũla] Ũtianĩo Mweũ syonanasya YEOVA, yĩla nĩ ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai: na nĩ ũndũ wa vata mũno vyũ ĩsyĩtwa yĩĩ yĩtũngĩĩwe Mbivilianĩ ya Kĩsũngũ.” O na ĩngĩ aisye: “No nginya twĩke ũu nĩ kana tũmũnenge Ngai ndaĩa. Nĩwĩmanyĩthanĩtye atũmĩĩte ĩsyĩtwa YEOVA: na vai ũndũ mũseango tũtonya kwĩka kwĩ kũtũmĩa ĩsyĩtwa yĩu yĩla tũũneena ĩũlũ wake.” Na ĩndĩ asya: “Mbivilianĩ yitũ ya E.V. [Established, Authorized, kana King James Version], ĩsyĩtwa YEOVA yĩkwatĩkanaa mavinda mavũthũ . . . Vandũ va ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai, tũsomaa, Mwĩaĩi.” Shadwell aisye: “Mwĩaĩi . . . nĩ ĩsyĩtwa yĩtaĩlĩte o na vanini” kũtũmĩwa vandũ va ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai, o na ongela kwasya kana o nake mwene mũsyĩ kwake etawa “Mwĩaĩi.”
“[Ngai] nĩwĩmanyĩthanĩtye atũmĩĩte ĩsyĩtwa YEOVA: na vai ũndũ mũseango tũtonya kwĩka kwĩ kũtũmĩa ĩsyĩtwa yĩu yĩla tũũneena ĩũlũ wake.”—Lancelot Shadwell
Mwakanĩ wa 1859, Shadwell nĩwaumisye ĩvuku ya Mathayo yĩla waalyũlĩte, na asyoka aumya ĩvuku ya Mathayo na Maliko, me vamwe, mwakanĩ wa 1861. Ĩndĩ wĩa wake nĩwathelile. Matukũ 11, Mwei wa 1, 1861, e na myaka 52, nĩwakwie. Ĩndĩ o na vailye ũu, kĩthito kyake kĩyaĩ kya mana.
Frederick Parker
Mũkũni ũmwe wa viasala weetawa Frederick Parker (1804-1888), ũla waĩ mũthwii na wekalaa London, nĩweewie ĩũlũ wa ĩvuku ya Mathayo yĩla Shadwell waalyũlĩte. Parker aĩ ambĩĩie kũalyũla Ũtianĩo Mweũ e na myaka ta 20. Kĩvathũkanyʼo na Shadwell, Parker ndaĩkĩĩaa ũmanyĩsyo wa Ũtatũ. Aandĩkie: “[Ekai] Ĩkanisa yonthe ya Mwana mwendwa [wa Ngai] . . . yĩtĩkĩle ũla wʼo na ngoo yonthe . . . na yĩimũthaitha Yeova, ũla no we Mwene Vinya Wʼonthe.” O na ĩngĩ Parker oonaa kana mavuku ma tene ma Ũtianĩo Mweũ, ala matũmĩaa ndeto Kyʹri·os kwonanyʼa Mwĩaĩi Ngai na Mwĩaĩi Yesũ, matumaa vethĩwa ve vinya kũmanya kĩvathũkanyʼo kĩla kĩ vo katĩ woo me elĩ. Kwoou nĩwendeeiwʼe yĩla woonie Shadwell aalyũlĩte ndeto Kyʹri·os nthĩnĩ wa mĩsoa ĩmwe, ta “Yeova.”
Parker aeleiwe maũndũ ta asu ata? Nĩweemanyĩisye Kĩkiliki na aandĩka mavuku kauta na tulakiti ĩũlũ wa mĩao ĩla yaĩle kũatĩĩwa mũndũ aineena kana ayĩandĩka kĩthyomo kya Kĩkiliki. O na ĩngĩ nĩwalikile kĩkundinĩ kyeetawa Anglo-Biblical Institute, kĩla kyeekĩaa andũ vinya meke ũkunĩkĩli ĩũlũ wa mavuku ma tene ma Mbivilia me na kĩeleelo kya kumĩthya Mbivilia nzeango sya Kĩsũngũ. Mwakanĩ wa 1842, Parker nĩwaambĩĩie kumĩthya ilungu sya mavuku ma mbee ma Ũtianĩo Mweũ ala waalyũlĩte, na asyumisye mavinda me kĩvathũkanyʼo.d
Mbivilia ya Ũtianĩo Mweũ ĩla yaalyũlilwe nĩ Parker (Heinfetter)
Kĩthito kya Parker kya Kũtũngĩĩa Ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai
Kwa myaka yĩana ũna, Parker nĩwaandĩkĩte ĩũlũ wa makũlyo ta: “Nĩ ĩndĩĩ ndeto Kyʹri·os yĩthĩawa ĩyonanyʼa Mwĩaĩi Yesũ, na nĩ ĩndĩĩ yĩthĩawa ĩyonanyʼa Mwĩaĩi Ngai?” “Nĩkĩ ndeto Kyʹri·os mavinda maingĩ ĩtũmĩawa kwonanyʼa ĩsyĩtwa ya mũndũ mwene ĩndĩ ti ĩsyĩtwa ya ũnene?”
Yĩla Parker woonie ĩvuku ya Mathayo yĩla Shadwell waayũlĩte mwaka wa 1859, vamwe na maelesyo ma ndeto Kyʹri·os, nĩweetĩkĩlile vyũ kana mĩsoanĩ ĩmwe ndeto Kyʹri·os “yaĩlĩte kũalyũlwa Yeova.” Kwoou, nĩweekie moalyũku mana Mbivilianĩ yake ya Ũtianĩo Mweũ, nĩ kana yĩthĩwe na ĩsyĩtwa “Yeova” maandĩkonĩ ala woonaa maĩle, kwosana na mĩsoa ĩla ĩthyũlũlũkĩte ĩandĩko ĩna, kana mĩao ya kĩthyomo kya Kĩkiliki. Kwoou, kĩlungu kĩmwe kya Mbivilia ya Parker yĩtawa A Literal Translation of the New Testament, kĩla waumisye 1863, kĩ na ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai mavinda 187 maandĩkonĩ. Veonekana kana, ĩĩ nĩyo Mbivilia ya mbee ya Kĩsũngũ kumĩthwʼa ĩtũmĩĩte ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai kĩla vandũ nthĩnĩ wa Maandĩko ma Kĩkiliki ma Kĩklĩsto.e
Ĩthangũ ya mbee ya Mbivilia ya Ũtianĩo Mweũ ĩla Parker waalyũlile mwakanĩ wa 1864
O na ĩngĩ, mwakanĩ wa 1864, Parker nĩwaumisye Mbivilia ĩngĩ yĩtawa A Collation of an English Version of the New Testament . . . With the Authorized English Version. Nĩwakwatanisye Mbivilia isu syelĩ sya Ũtianĩo Mweũ syatwʼĩka ĩvuku yĩmwe e na kĩeleelo kya kwonyʼa andũ nĩ va, na nĩ kwa nzĩa yĩva Mbivilia isu syelĩ syavathũkene.f
Nĩ kana aelesye vata wa kũtũngĩĩa ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai, Parker nĩwoonanisye mĩsoa yĩana ũna nthĩnĩ wa Mbivilia ya Authorized Version, o vamwe na ĩandĩko ya Alomi 10:13, yĩla yaĩtye: “Nũndũ mũndũ o na wĩva ũla ũkekaĩla ĩsyĩtwa ya Mwĩaĩi akatangĩĩwa.” Parker akũlilye: “[Nũũ] waasũanĩa kana Mĩsoanĩ ĩno yumĩte Mbivilianĩ ya Authorized English Version, nĩ Yeova, na ti Mwana Yesũ Klĩsto Mwĩaĩi waitũ, . . . ũwetetwe”?
Alomi 10:13 Mbivilianĩ ya King James Version (ĩũlũ) na Mbivilianĩ ĩla yaalyũliwe nĩ Parker mwakanĩ wa 1864
Parker nĩwatũmĩie vaondi (pounds) ngili mbingĩ, ila ĩvinda yĩu syaĩ mbesa mbingĩ mũno nĩ kana aumĩthye na aitangaasa tulakiti, mathangũ na maũndũ angĩ ala waandĩkĩte. Mwakanĩ o ũmwe, atũmĩie vaondi 800, ila ũmũnthĩ nĩ vaondi mbee wa 100,000 sya Britain (kana ndola 132,000 sya Amelika). O na ĩngĩ nĩwatũmĩie anyanyae, na anene ma ndĩni, kovi mbingĩ sya mavuku make vate ndĩvi nĩ kana maisisye.
Maũndũ ala Parker waandĩkie vamwe na Mbivilia syake sya Ũtianĩo Mweũ, ila itaatumbĩthwʼa mũno, nĩsyavũthĩĩiwʼe nĩ asomi amwe. Ĩndĩ, kwa kwĩka ũu, moonanisye kana mayatũngaa mũvea nĩ kĩthito kyake, o vamwe na kya Shadwell na angĩ, kya kũtũngĩĩa ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai Ũtianĩonĩ Mweũ wa Mbivilia ya Kĩsũngũ.
O na ĩngĩ no wende kwĩloela vitio ĩĩ ya ndatĩka ĩkũmi, ĩla yĩ na ũvoo mwingangĩ: Kutembelea Maonyesho ya Warwick: “Biblia na Jina la Mungu.”
a Kĩthyomonĩ kya Kĩkamba, ĩsyĩtwa “Jehovah,” nĩ Yeova.
b Kĩthyomonĩ kya Kĩsũngũ, ĩsyĩtwa “Jehovah” yĩla kwa ũkuvĩ nĩ “Jah,” yĩkwatĩkanaa nthĩnĩ wa Ũvuanyʼo 19:1, 3, 4, 6, ndetonĩ ila syaĩtye “Hallelujah,” na syonanasya “Mũtaĩe Yeova!”
c Shadwell ndaalyũla Maandĩko onthe ma Ũtianĩo Mweũ. Aalyũli ala angĩ nĩ vamwe na Philip Doddridge, Edward Harwood, William Newcome, Edgar Taylor, na Gilbert Wakefield.
d Nĩ kana avathũkanyʼe wĩa wa viasala na ũla ũngĩ watethasya wa kũalyũla Mbivilia, Parker atũmĩaa ĩsyĩtwa Herman Heinfetter maũndũnĩ ma ndĩni ala waandĩkaa na Mbivilianĩ ila waalyũlile. Ĩsyĩtwa yĩĩ nĩyonekaa mavinda meana ũna nthĩnĩ wa ũvoo wa kwongeleela Mbivilianĩ ya The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.
e Mwakanĩ wa 1864, Parker nĩwaumisye Mbivilia ya An English Version of the New Testament, ĩla ĩtũmĩĩte ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai mavinda 186.
f Parker atanamba kũalyũla Mbivilia, Maandĩko maingĩ ma Ũtianĩo Mweũ kĩthyomonĩ kya Kĩevelania, maĩ na ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai mĩsoanĩ yĩ kĩvathũkanyʼo. O na ĩngĩ, mwakanĩ wa 1795, Johann Jakob Stolz nĩwaumĩthisye Mbivilia ya kĩthyomo kya German ĩla ĩtũmĩĩte ĩsyĩtwa ya Ngai mbee wa mavinda 90, kuma Mathayo nginya Yuta.