Te Koaua bwa Iai te Riaboro?

“N te Ekaretia ni Kristian ngkoa, te riaboro, Beretebuba, ke Tatan, ae uean te buakaka, e kakoauaki bwa te aomata ni koaua ae mwaaka, n aron naba ae ‘te Atua’ bon te aomata ae mwaaka ma ni koaua irouia aomata tabeman aika maiu ngkai; are e oteaki taekana irouia I-Iutaia ao Kristian ake rimoa bwa aongkoa te aomata ae iai rabwatana ae itera n aomata ao e itera ni man, bwa a aonga ni kona iai ni kabwarabwaraa nanon te buakaka are a nonoria. Imwina riki, Kristian a ota bwa te aomata arei bon te ototo ae akea koauana, ao a kakeaa taekana.”​—“All in the Mind​—A Farewell to God,” are koreaki iroun Ludovic Kennedy.

N ARON are e taekinna te tia koro-rongorongo ao te tia kanako-rongorongo ae arana Ludovic Kennedy, akea kaaini Krititentom ae e kakewea bwa iai te Riaboro i nanon tienture aika mwaiti. Ma n taai tabetai Kristian a “taonaki n iaiangoan mwaakan Tatan ma ana taimonio,” e taekina anne te Professor ae Norman Cohn. (Europe’s Inner Demons) Tiaki tii raarikin ake akea aia reirei ae a iango n aron anne. Kakoauan ae te Riaboro e kakaoti n rabwatan te man bwa e aonga ni mataniwi i aon waaki aika kamwara ma ni buakaka, “e aki tii mena i buakon aia karaki nikawai te koraki ake akea aia reirei, ma bon aia iango naba te koraki aika bwakuaku aika rabakau,” e taku Professor Cohn. Te “koraki aika bwakuaku aika rabakau”​—n ikotaki naba ma mataniwin Aaro aika rabakau​—a bukinaki n te waaki ae a bwainikirinaki iai te koraki aika aongkoa taan tabunea, are e waakinaki n aonon Eurobe man te ka 15 n tienture ni karokoa te ka 17 n tienture, are e bukinaki iai te ekaretia ao taian tautaeka bwa a kammarakiia ma ni kamateia aomata aika tao 50,000 mwaitiia aika aongkoa taan tabunea.

E aki kamimi ngkanne ae aomata aika mwaiti a rarawa ni kakoauai iango ibukin te Riaboro ake a boto i aon karaki nikawai aika oteaki. N te ririki 1726, Daniel Defoe e ngareakina aia koaua aomata ae te Riaboro bon “te man ae tiritiri ae kakamaaku ae iai baina ni kiba, koron atuna, waena aika waen te man, bukina ae ananau, newena ae uaitera, ao bwaai riki n aron aikai.” E taku bwa iango aikai bon “taian ototo aika aki boto i aon te wanawana” aika karioaki irouia “aomata aika a kani boutokoa iaiangoan te riaboro ae kakamaaku,” aika a “kamwaneia aomata aika aki-wanawana, n aron tein te riaboro are a oteia.”

Am iango naba anne? Ko kakoauaa naba ae “te riaboro bon tii aia ototo aomata ake a kani bukinna n aia bure”? Te taeka anne e mena n te boki ae te Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible, ao a mwaiti aomata aika aongkoa Kristian aika a iango n aron anne. E taku Jeffrey Burton bwa angiia taan rabakau n Aaro ni Krititentom a a tia ni “kakeaa kakoauan te Riaboro ma ana taimonio, ma n arania bwa baika kakoauaki rimoa irouia aomata ake a aki-wanawana.”

Ma irouia aomata tabeman, e rangi ni koaua te Riaboro. A taku bwa e boni bae n iai te rabwata teuana ae mwaaka riki nakoia aomata ao e buakaka, ae e kariki baika bubuaka ake a riiriki irouia aomata. “Bwaai aika kakamaaku ake a riki i nanon te kauabwi n tienture,” e taku Russell, bwa ngaia bukina teuana ae “e waekoa iai ni manga rikirake ngkai kakoauan te Riaboro imwin aki-kakoauana n te tai ae maan.” N aron are e taekinna te tia koro-rongorongo ae Don Lewis, iai aomata ngkai aika wanawana aika a a tia ni “ngare” n aia koaua “aia bakatibu aika aki-wanawana,” aika oteaki ao a boto i aon maakakiia anti ake a a “manga anaaki riki nanoia ngkai n iangoan te mwaaka ae buakaka ae aki nonoraki.”​—Religious Superstition Through the Ages.

Ma tera raoi koauana? Te koaua bwa te Riaboro bon tii te karaki ae oteaki ae aki koaua? Ke boni ngaia te aomata ae riai naba n ataaki taekana i nanon te ka 21 n tienture aei?

[Taamnei n iteraniba 4]

N aron ae e kaotaki n te taamnei ae kaaraki iroun Gustave Doré, karaki nikawai, a kaotia bwa aongkoa, iteran rabwatan te Riaboro bon te aomata, ao iterana, te man ae tiritiri

[Te Kabwarabwaraan te Taamnei]

The Judecca​—Lucifer/The Doré Illustrations For Dante’s Divine Comedy/Dover Publications Inc.