Cyril kɛ Methodius—Biblia Shishitsɔɔlɔi Ní Kɛ Alfabɛta ko Ba

“Ábaptisi mɛi ni yɔɔ wɔmaŋ lɛ mli lɛ ni kɛlɛ wɔbɛ tsɔɔlɔ. Wɔnuuu Hela loo Latin shishi. . . . Wɔnuuu niŋmaa okadii loo nɔ ni amɛdamɔ shi kɛha lɛ ashishi; no hewɔ lɛ nyɛtsua tsɔɔlɔi ni baanyɛ amɛha wɔle Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli wiemɔi lɛ kɛ amɛshishinumɔ lɛ kɛbaa wɔŋɔɔ.”—Rostislav, Moravia lumɔ lɛ, afi 862 Ŋ.B.

ŊMƐNƐ, gbɔmɛi ni fe akpekpei 435 ni wieɔ Slavic weku wiemɔi lɛ anine eshɛ Biblia lɛ ni atsɔɔ shishi yɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛwiemɔ mli lɛ nɔ.a Amɛteŋ mɛi akpekpei 360 kɛ Cyrillic alfabɛta lɛ tsuɔ nii. Ni kɛlɛ, afii ohai 12 ni eho lɛ mli lɛ, no mli lɛ wiemɔ ko ni aŋmaa loo alfabɛta ko bɛ amɛblematsɛmɛi awiemɔi lɛ amli. Atsɛɔ hii ni ye bua kɛsaa nakai shihilɛ lɛ akɛ Cyril kɛ Methodius, ní amɛji nyɛmimɛi lɛ. Gbɔmɛi ni sumɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ baana akɛ nibii heei ni nɛkɛ nyɛmimɛi enyɔ nɛɛ kɛ ekãa feɔ lɛ fee miishɛɛ nɔ ko krɛdɛɛ yɛ yinɔsane ni kɔɔ Biblia lɛ yibaamɔ kɛ egbɛɛ kɛ shwamɔ he lɛ mli. Namɛi ji hii nɛɛ, ni mɛɛ gbɛtsii nibii amɛkɛkpe?

“Jeŋ Nilelɔ lɛ” kɛ Amralo Lɛ

Afɔ́ Cyril (827-869 Ŋ.B., ni klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ astɛɔ lɛ Constantine) kɛ Methodius (825-885 Ŋ.B.) awo weku ko ni abuɔ amɛ waa mli yɛ Thessalonica, Greece. Nakai beaŋ lɛ Thessalonica ji maŋtiase ko ni awieɔ wiemɔi enyɔ yɛ mli; emli bii lɛ wieɔ Hela kɛ Slavic henɔ ko.

Slavbii babaoo ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ kɛ sharamɔ ni bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa ni yɔɔ emli bii lɛ ateŋ lɛ kɛ ekolɛ Slav akutsei ni ebɔle amɛhe kɛkpe lɛ ha Cyril kɛ Methodius hegbɛ lɛ koni amɛle Slavbii ni yɔɔ wuoyigbɛ lɛ awiemɔ lɛ jogbaŋŋ. Ni Methodius shihilɛ he niŋmalɔ ko tsĩ tã po akɛ Slavnyo ji amɛnyɛ.

Yɛ etsɛ gbele sɛɛ lɛ, Cyril fã kɛtee Constantinople, ni ji Byzantium Maŋtsɛyeli maŋtiase lɛ mli. Beni eyɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ eyakase nii yɛ maŋtsɛyeli univɛsiti lɛ mli ni ekɛ ehe bɔ nitsɔɔlɔi ni he esa jogbaŋŋ lɛ ahe. Ebatsɔ wojiatoohe nɔkwɛlɔ yɛ Hagia Sophia, ni ji sɔlemɔtsu ni ehe gbɛi fe fɛɛ ni yɔɔ hei ni hiɛ kusum nifeemɔ ni ná eshishi fã kɛjɛ blema hei ni bɛ Europa lɛ mli, ni sɛɛ mli lɛ ebatsɔ jeŋ nilee he nitsɔɔlɔ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, yɛ Cyril nikasemɔ mli mɔdɛŋbɔɔ hewɔ lɛ, ená gbɛi ni ji Jeŋ Nilelɔ Lɛ.

Yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Methodius miitiu nitsumɔ ni etsɛ tsu lɛ sɛɛ—maŋkwramɔŋ nɔkwɛmɔ. Eyashɛ hegbɛ ni ji kojolɔ nukpa (amralo) yɛ Byzantium kpokpaa lɛ husu naa he ni Slavbii babaoo yɔɔ yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ. Shi kɛlɛ, egbala ehe shi kɛtee mɔ kome shihilɔi ashia ko yɛ Bithynia, Asia Bibioo lɛ mli. Cyril yafata ehe yɛ jɛmɛ yɛ afi 855 Ŋ.B.

Yɛ afi 860 Ŋ.B. mli lɛ, blematsɛ ni yɔɔ Constantinople lɛ tsu nyɛmimɛi enyɔ lɛ kɛha maŋsɛɛ nitsumɔ ko. Atsu amɛ kɛtee Khazarbii ni yɔɔ Black Sea (Ŋshɔ Diŋ) lɛ kooyi-bokagbɛ lɛ, ní miishashao shi lolo akɛ amɛaakpɛ amɛyiŋ yɛ Islam, Yuda jamɔ, kɛ Kristojamɔ teŋ lɛ aŋɔɔ. Beni Cyril nyiɛ gbɛ nɔ kɛyaa jɛmɛ lɛ, etee nɔ ehi shi yɛ Chersonese, Crimea yɛ be ko mli. Woloŋlelɔi komɛi heɔ yeɔ akɛ ekase Hebri kɛ Samaria wiemɔ lɛ yɛ jɛmɛ ni akɛ etsɔɔ Hebri wiemɔ he mla lɛ shishi kɛtee Khazarbii awiemɔ lɛ mli.

Tsɛmɔ ko ni Jɛ Moravia

Yɛ afi 862 Ŋ.B. mli lɛ, Rostislav, ni ji Moravia lumɔ (ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Czechia bokagbɛ, Slovakia anaigbɛ, kɛ Hungary anaigbɛ) lɛ, tsu koni akɛ nibimɔ ni jeɔ kpo yɛ shishijee kuku lɛ mli lɛ ayafɔ Byzantium Nɔyelɔ Michael III lɛ hiɛ—akɛ etsu mɛi ni tsɔɔ Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli kɛba lɛ. Maŋsɛɛ sanekpakpa shiɛlɔi ni jɛ Bokagbɛ Frankbii amaŋtsɛyeli (amrɔ nɛɛ Germany kɛ Austria) lɛ mli lɛ etsɔɔ Moravia maŋbii ni wieɔ Slavic wiemɔ lɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ momo. Shi kɛlɛ, Rostislav miisusu hewalɛ ni Germany akutsei lɛ náa yɛ maŋkwramɔ kɛ sɔlemɔi lɛ amli lɛ he. Ehiɛnɔkamɔ ji akɛ jamɔŋ ekomefeemɔ ni aaaba ekɛ Constantinopole teŋ lɛ baaye abua koni emaŋ lɛ ahiɛ ehe yɛ maŋkwramɔ kɛ jamɔ gbɛfaŋ.

Maŋtsɛ lɛ kpɛ eyiŋ akɛ ebaatsu Methodius kɛ Cyril kɛya Moravia. Nyɛmimɛi enyɔ nɛɛ ahe ésa jogbaŋŋ yɛ skul nikasemɔ, woloŋlee, kɛ wiemɔi akasemɔ mli koni amɛnyɛ amɛnyiɛ nitsumɔ nɛɛ hiɛ. Afii ohai nɛɛhu lɛ mli shihilɛ he niŋmalɔ ko kɛɔ wɔ akɛ beni maŋtsɛ lɛ woɔ amɛ hewalɛ koni amɛya Moravia lɛ, etsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Nyɛyi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ nyɛji Tesalonika fɔmɔ bii, ni Tesalonikabii fɛɛ wieɔ Slav krɔŋŋ.”

Akɛ Alfabɛta Hee kɛ Biblia Shishitsɔɔmɔ Hee ko Eba

Yɛ nyɔji ni tsɔ amɛshimɔ be lɛ hiɛ lɛ amli lɛ, Cyril saa ehe kɛha nitsumɔ lɛ kɛtsɔ niŋmaa kɛha Slavbii lɛ ni eto he gbɛjianɔ efɔ̃ shi lɛ nɔ. Awieɔ akɛ eji mɔ ko ni he feɔ oya yɛ wiemɔi agbɛɛmɔi atoiboo mli. No hewɔ lɛ, be mli ni ekɛ Hela kɛ Hebri niŋmaa okadii tsuɔ nii lɛ, ebɔ mɔdɛŋ koni eha wiemɔ gbɛɛmɔ fɛɛ wiemɔ gbɛɛmɔ ni yɔɔ Slavonic mli lɛ niŋmaa okadi.b Niiamlitaolɔi komɛi heɔ yeɔ akɛ ekɛ afii babaoo etsu nii kɛtsɔ hiɛ momo ní ekɛmiitoo alfabɛta ni tamɔ enɛ he gbɛjianɔ. Ni yiŋkɔshikɔshifeemɔ ko hu yɛ lolo ni kɔɔ bɔ ni alfabɛta pɔtɛɛ ni Cyril to he gbɛjianɔ lɛ sú yɔɔ ha.—Kwɛmɔ adeka ni ji “Cyrillic loo Glagolitic?” lɛ mli.

Yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Cyril je Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ gbɛjianɔtoo ko ni yɔɔ oya shishi. Taakɛ eji kusum lɛ, ekɛ alfabɛta hee ni efee lɛ je shishi etsɔɔ Yohane Sanekpakpa lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ wiemɔ kuku lɛ shishi kɛjɛ Hela kɛtee Slavonic mli akɛ: “Shishijee mli lɛ Wiemɔ lɛ yɛ . . .” Cyril tee nɔ etsɔɔ Sanekpakpai ejwɛ lɛ, Paulo woji lɛ, kɛ Lala wolo lɛ shishi.

Ani ekome too etsu nii nɛɛ? Eeenyɛ efee anɔkwale diɛŋtsɛ akɛ Methodius ye bua lɛ kɛtsu nii nɛɛ. Kɛfata he lɛ, wolo ni ji The Cambridge Medieval History lɛ jaje akɛ: “Etamɔ nɔ ni eji anɔkwale akɛ [Cyril] ná mɛi krokomɛi ye bua lɛ, mɛi ni ekolɛ klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa lɛ amɛji Slav fɔmɔ bii ni ná Hela woloŋ tsɔsemɔ lɛ. Kɛji wɔpɛi shishitsɔɔmɔi ni etsɛ fe fee lɛ amli lɛ, . . . wɔnaa odaseyeli ni fe fɛɛ ni tsɔɔ Slavonic wiemɔ lɛ mli shishinumɔ ni aha etee hiɛ waa, ní esa akɛ ale akɛ enɛ jɛ mɛi ni fata he kɛtsu nii lɛ, ni amɛ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ amɛji Slavbii.” Methodius gbe Biblia ni eshwɛ lɛ naa sɛɛ mli, taakɛ wɔbaana lɛ.

“Tamɔ Kwaakwaalabitei Tutuaa Laalɔɔ ko Lɛ”

Yɛ afi 863 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Cyril kɛ Methodius je amɛnitsumɔ lɛ shishi yɛ Moravia, he ni akɛ miishɛɛ here amɛ atuu yɛ lɛ. Nɔ ni fata amɛnitsumɔ lɛ he ji ní amɛtsɔɔ maŋ lɛŋ bii akuu ko Slavonic niŋmaa hee ni afee lɛ, soro Biblia lɛ kɛ jamɔŋ niŋmaai lɛ hu ashishitsɔɔmɔ.

Shi kɛlɛ, enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ bɛ mlɛo. Frankbii osɔfoi akuu ni yɔɔ Moravia lɛ te shi waa diɛŋtsɛ amɛwo Slavonic wiemɔ ni akɛaatsu nii lɛ. Amɛkɛ amɛhe kpɛtɛ wiemɔi etɛ mli tsɔɔmɔ ko he kpɛŋŋ ni tsɔɔ akɛ Latin, Hela, kɛ Hebri pɛ ji nɔ ni akpɛlɛɔ nɔ ákɛ akɛtsu nii yɛ jamɔ mli. Akɛni nyɛmimɛi enyɔ lɛ ahiɛ kã nɔ akɛ amɛbaaná sɛɛfimɔ kɛjɛ paapa lɛ dɛŋ kɛha amɛ wiemɔ lɛ niŋmaa hee ni amɛfee lɛ hewɔ lɛ, amɛfã gbɛ kɛtee Roma yɛ afi 867 Ŋ.B.

Beni amɛtsaa nɔ kɛyaa yɛ Venice lɛ, Cyril kɛ Methodius kɛ Latin osɔfoi akuu ko ni wieɔ wiemɔi srɔtoi etɛ lɛ hu yakpe. Cyril shihilɛ he niŋmalɔ ko ni hi shi yɛ teŋgbɛ afii lɛ amli kɛɔ wɔ akɛ maŋ lɛŋ osɔfonukpai, osɔfoi, kɛ mɔ kome shihilɔi lɛ batutua lɛ “tamɔ kwaakwaalabitei tutuaa laalɔɔ ko lɛ.” Nakai sane lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, Cyril ha hetoo kɛtsɔ 1 Korintobii 14:8, 9 lɛ ni etsɛ sɛɛ lɛ nɔ akɛ: “Ejaakɛ kɛji tɛtɛrɛmantɛrɛ egbɛɛɛ gbɛɛmɔ ni yɔɔ faŋŋ lɛ, namɔ aaasaa ehe ato ta? Nakai nɔŋŋ kɛ̃ ji nyɛ hu yɛ lilɛi gbɛfaŋ: kɛji nyɛwieee wiemɔ ni shishi yɔɔ faŋŋ lɛ, te aaafee tɛŋŋ ni aaale nɔ ni akɛɔ lɛ? Ejaakɛ nyɛtamɔ mɛi ni wieɔ tsɔɔ kɔɔyɔɔ.”

Naagbee mli beni nyɛmimɛi nɛɛ yashɛ Roma lɛ, Paapa Adrian II kɛ nɔkpɛlɛmɔ kwraa hã koni amɛkɛ Slavonic atsu nii. Yɛ nyɔji komɛi asɛɛ, beni amɛyɔɔ Roma lolo lɛ, Cyril he baye waa diɛŋtsɛ. Yɛ nɔ ni shɛɛɛ nyɔji enyɔ sɛɛ lɛ, egbo beni eye afii 42.

Paapa Adrian II lɛ wo Methodius hewalɛ koni eku sɛɛ eyatsu nii yɛ Moravia kɛ maŋ ni ji Nitra lɛ hewɔ fɛɛ, nɔ ni amrɔ nɛɛ eji Slovakia lɛ. Akɛni paapa lɛ miishwe koni ená hewalɛ yɛ nakai akutso lɛ nɔ waa hewɔ lɛ, paapa lɛ ha Methodius woji ni tsɔɔ akɛ ekpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ akɛ Slavonic atsu nii ni ehala lɛ akɛ osɔfonukpa. Shi kɛlɛ, yɛ afi 870 Ŋ.B. lɛ, kɛtsɔ Maŋtsɛ bi Svatopluk ni yɔɔ Nitra yelikɛbuamɔ nɔ lɛ, Frankbii osɔfonukpa, Hermanrich mɔ Methodius. Awo lɛ tsuŋ afii enyɔ kɛ fã yɛ mɔ kome shihilɔi ashia ko ni yɔɔ Germany wuoyi-bokagbɛ lɛ mli. Naagbee mli lɛ, Paapa John VIII ní baye Adrian II lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, fã ni ajie Methodius, ni ekɛ lɛ ku sɛɛ kɛba esɔlemɔ lɛ nɔyelihe lɛ ekoŋŋ, ni ema paapa lɛ sɛɛfimɔ kɛha Slavonic kɛ nitsumɔ yɛ jamɔ mli lɛ nɔ aduatsɔ ekoŋŋ.

Shi shitee-kɛ-woo ni jɛɔ Frankbii osɔfoi lɛ aŋɔɔ kɛbaa lɛ tee nɔ. Methodius fã ehe yɛ omanyeyeli mli eshi naafolɔmɔi ni akɛshwie enɔ akɛ etse jamɔ hiɛ atua lɛ, ni yɛ naagbee lɛ enine shɛ wolo ni asɔo naa lɛ nɔ kɛjɛ Paapa John VIII lɛ ŋɔɔ ni kɛ famɔ miiha koni akɛ Slavonic atsu nii yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli. Taakɛ Paapa John Paul II ni yɔɔ lɛ ekpɛlɛ nɔ lɛ, Methodius kɛ ewala tsu nii “yɛ gbɛfaai, ohiayelii, piŋmɔi, basabasafeemɔ kɛ yiwaai amli, . . . yɛ tsuŋwoo mli niseniianii tete po mli.” Dɔlɛ sane ji akɛ, enɛ ba yɛ osɔfonukpai kɛ maŋtsɛmɛi abii ni hiɛ jwɛŋmɔ ni ja yɛ Roma he lɛ adɛŋ.

Atsɔɔ Biblia Muu lɛ Fɛɛ Shishi

Yɛ shitee-kɛ-woo ni baaa shi lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, kɛtsɔ niŋmalalɔi ni ŋmaa nii kukuji oyayaayai lɛ ateŋ mɛi babaoo ayelikɛbuamɔ nɔ lɛ, Methodius gbe Biblia lɛ fã ni eshwɛ lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ kɛmiiya Slavonic mli lɛ naa. Taakɛ eji kusum lɛ, egbe nitsumɔ wulu nɛɛ naa yɛ nyɔji kpaanyɔ pɛ mli. Shi kɛlɛ, etsɔɔɔ Makabibii apokrifa woji lɛ ashishi.

Ŋmɛnɛ, ebɛ mlɛo akɛ abaaŋmɛ bɔ ni Cyril kɛ Methodius shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ hi ha lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ akwɛ. Nɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ fioo komɛi pɛ yɔɔ lolo ni aŋmala yɛ be ni miibɛŋkɛ be ni atsɔɔ shishi klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa lɛ. Kɛtsɔ nakai shishijee nɔ ni enámɔ wa lɛ diɛŋtsɛ mlipɛimɔ nɔ lɛ, mɛi ni wieɔ wiemɔi babaoo lɛ yɔse akɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ ja ni ehiɛ shishinumɔ ni yɔɔ faŋŋ. Wolo ni ji Our Slavic Bible lɛ kɛɛ akɛ “ehe bahia ni” nyɛmimɛi enyɔ lɛ “afee wiemɔi heei babaoo . . . Ni amɛfee nibii nɛɛ fɛɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ yɛ naakpɛɛ gbɛ nɔ, [ni] amɛgbele Slavic wiemɔ komekomei ni shishinumɔ waaa ni mli kã shi faŋŋ ni eko tamɔɔɔ lɛ lɛ naa.”

Gboshinii ko ni Hiɔ Shi Daa

Yɛ Methodius gbele sɛɛ yɛ afi 885 Ŋ.B. lɛ, amɛ henyɛlɔi Frankbii lɛ shwie esɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ kɛjɛ Moravia. Amɛyaba abo yɛ Bohemia, Poland wuoyigbɛ, kɛ Bulgaria. No hewɔ lɛ, atsa Cyril kɛ Methodius nitsumɔ lɛ nɔ ni egbɛ eshwã yɛ anɔkwale mli. Slavonic wiemɔ lɛ ni nyɛmimɛi enyɔ lɛ to eŋmaa he gbɛjianɔ ni yɔɔ daa lɛ, shwere, etee ehiɛ, ni sɛɛ mli lɛ ebafee nɔ ni yɔɔ srɔto. Ŋmɛnɛ, nɔ ni fata Slavic wiemɔ weku lɛ he ji wiemɔi 13 ni esoro amɛ kwraa kɛ wiemɔi babaoo.

Kɛfata he lɛ, Cyril kɛ Methodius mɔdɛŋbɔɔ ni ji Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ kɛ ekãa lɛ wo yibii yɛ Slavic Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishitsɔɔmɔi srɔtoi babaoo ni yɔɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ amli. Mɛi akpekpei abɔ ni wieɔ nɛkɛ wiemɔi nɛɛ náa he sɛɛ kɛtsɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ ni amɛnine shɛɔ nɔ yɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛmaŋ wiemɔ mli lɛ nɔ. Yɛ shitee-kɛ-woo ni naa wa waa lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, kwɛmɔ anɔkwale ni wiemɔi nɛɛ ji akɛ: “Wɔ-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ wiemɔ lɛ aaadamɔ shi kɛaatee naanɔ!”—Yesaia 40:8.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 29]

Cyrillic loo Glagolitic?

Bɔ ni alfabɛta ni Cyril to he gbɛjianɔ lɛ sú yɔɔ hã lɛ etee béi babaoo shi, akɛni mɛi ni wieɔ wiemɔi babaoo lɛ lé alfabɛta ni eji pɔtɛɛ lɛ hewɔ. Alfabɛta ni atsɛɔ lɛ Cyrillic lɛ damɔ Hela alfabɛta ni kɛ lɛ bɛŋkɛ kpaakpa lɛ nɔ, kɛ niŋmaa okadii nyɔŋma kɛ enyɔ loo nɔ ni fata he ni ato he gbɛjianɔ koni edamɔ shi kɛha Slavonic gbɛɛmɔi ni anaaa yɛ Hela mli lɛ. Shi kɛlɛ, tsutsu Slavonic woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ ekomɛi kɛ niŋmaa ko ni yɔɔ srɔto kwraa, ni atsɛɔ lɛ Glagolitic tsuɔ nii, ni nɛkɛ niŋmaa nɛɛ woloŋlelɔi babaoo heɔ yeɔ akɛ Cyril ji mɔ ni to he gbɛjianɔ lɛ. Glagolitic niŋmaa okadii lɛ ateŋ fioo komɛi baa tamɔ Hela loo Hebri ni lɔgɔɔ shi. Ekolɛ, aná ekomɛi kɛjɛ teŋgbɛ afii lɛ amli gbee nɔwomɔ kɛ eshibaa kadimɔ nii lɛ amli, shi amɛteŋ babaoo ji shishijee nɔ kɛ nifeemɔ ni yɔɔ hwanyaŋŋ. Etamɔ nɔ ni Glagolitic ji shishijee nifeemɔ ni yɛ srɔto kwraa. Shi kɛlɛ, Cyrillic ji nɔ ni etee hiɛ kɛyashɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ niŋmaai ni yɔɔ Russia wiemɔ, Ukraine wiemɔ, Serbia wiemɔ, Bulgaria wiemɔ, kɛ Macedonia wiemɔ mli, kɛfata wiemɔi 22 ni akɛbafata he lɛ he, ni amɛteŋ ekomɛi jeee Slavonic lɛ.

[Artwork-Cyrillic and Glagolitic characters]

[Shikpɔŋ he mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 31]

(Kɛ́ ootao ona bɔ ni saji nɛɛ ji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, no lɛ kwɛmɔ wolo lɛ mli)

Baltic Ŋshɔ

(Poland)

Bohemia (Czechia)

Moravia (E. Czechia, W. Slovakia, W. Hungary)

Nitra

BOKAGBƐ FRANKBII AMAŊTSƐYELI (Germany kɛ Austria)

ITALY

Venice

Roma

Mediteranea Ŋshɔ

BULGARIA

HELA

Tesalonika

(Crimea)

Black Sea

Bithynia

Constantinople (Istanbul)

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 31]

Slavonic Biblia ko yɛ Cyrillic niŋmaa mli kɛjɛ afi 1581

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Bible: Narodna in univerzitetna knjiz̆nica-Slovenija-Ljubljana