Ani Shibɔlemɔ Ŋulami Shikpɔŋ lɛ Hiɛ Baakpata Kɛ̃?

AFII ohai 20 lɛ naagbee miibɛŋkɛ, ni eshwɛ fioo ni afii ohai 21 lɛ baaje shishi. Yɛ nɛkɛ gbɛ nɔ lɛ, gbɔmɛi ni amɛyifalɛ yaa hiɛ ni bei pii lɛ amɛbaabo hiɛkpatamɔ he gbalɛi ahe saji atoi fioo ko pɛ loo ni amɛboŋ toi kwraa lɛ miisusu kɛji ekolɛ etsɛŋ ni nifeemɔ ko ni he hiaa ni tsɔɔ je lɛ hiɛkpatamɔ baaba wɔsɛɛ ko.

Ekolɛ óyɔse adafitswaa wolo kɛ wolo tɛtrɛɛ mli saji ni kɔɔ enɛ he—woji muu po ni wieɔ sane lɛ he. Yɛ nɔ ni tsɔɔ nifeemɔi ni kɛ afii ohai 21 lɛ baaje shishi lɛ gbɛfaŋ lɛ, esa akɛ wɔmɛ koni wɔna. Mɛi komɛi tsɔɔ akɛ afi kome pɛ ebaashwɛ (loo miniti kome ebaashwɛ, kɛjɛ afi 2000 kɛyashi afi 2001) dani afi 2000 baaba naagbee ni ekolɛ nɔ ko wulu ko jɛŋ mli kɛbaŋ. Nɔ ni gbɔmɛi babaoo susuɔ he waa ji bɔ ni wɔ shibɔlemɔ ŋulami lɛ baahi shi be kakadaŋŋ yɛ wɔsɛɛ be mli lɛ.

Gbalɛ kome ni agbalaa jwɛŋmɔ kɛyaa nɔ bei pii yɛ bei nɛɛ amil ji akɛ, yɛ be ko mli lɛ—kɛ́ etsɛŋ loo ebaatsɛ yɛ wɔsɛɛ be mli lɛ—shibɔlemɔ ŋulami Shikpɔŋ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ hiɛ baakpata kwraa kɛ̃. Bo lɛ susumɔ nibii ni atsɔɔ hiɛ agbaa ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ni haoɔ mɔ lɛ enyɔ he okwɛ.

Yɛ niŋmalɔ kɛ nilelɔ John Leslie wolo ni ji The End of the World—The Science and Ethics of Human Extinction ni akala klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa yɛ afi 1996 lɛ mli lɛ, etsɔɔ nibii etɛ ni baanyɛ aba ni tsɔɔ bɔ ni shihilɛ mli ni gbɔmɔ yɔɔ yɛ shikpɔŋ nɔ lɛ baanyɛ aba naagbee aha. Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, ebi akɛ: “Ani nuklea ta ni akɛbaatsu nii kɛmɔ shi lɛ baanyɛ ekɛ adesai aweku lɛ aba naagbee?” Kɛkɛ ni ekɛfata he akɛ: “Nibii ni asusuɔ akɛ ebaanyɛ eba kwraa kɛtsara nɔ . . . baanyɛ afee nibii ashishibulemɔ kɛtsɔ nibii ni jɛɔ lakpɛmɔ nibii amli kɛbaa lɛ nɔ: kansa srɔtoi, hewalɛ ni tsĩɔ hela naa lɛ ni gbɔjɔɔ ni yɛ no hewɔ lɛ tsɛŋemɔ helai bafáa babaoo, loo kpá ni akɛfɔ́ɔ mɔ, ní fáa babaoo. Muawai bibiibii ni he hiaa kɛha shihilɛhei lɛ ahilɛ-kɛhamɔ lɛ hu baanyɛ agboi.” Nii ni ji etɛ ni baanyɛ aba ni Owula Leslie wie he ji akɛ nɔ ko ni tamɔ ŋulami aloo shibɔlemɔ ŋulami bibioo ko baanyɛ atswa shikpɔŋ lɛ: “Yɛ nibii ni tamɔ ŋulamii kɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii bibii ni gbɛ̀i ni amɛtsɔɔ nɔ lɛ yɛ lɛ bɔ ni amɛbaanyɛ amɛtswa Shikpɔŋ lɛ gbi ko lɛ agbɛfaŋ lɛ, nɔ ni shɛɔ nibii ni tamɔ ŋulamii kɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii bibii akpei enyɔ yɔɔ ni amɛkutruku lɛ teŋ liamɔ susumɔ ji kɛjɛ kilomita kome kɛyashi nyɔŋma. Ekomɛi ni dara kwraa fe nakai hu yɛ ni amɛfalɛ shɛɛɛ nakai kwraa (enaa ni aaabu akwɛ lɛ baafee yiŋ kɛkɛ ni akaa akwɛɔ), kɛ ekomɛi ni amɛdaramɔ shɛɛɛ nakai kwraa ni fá kwraa fe nakai.”

“Kojomɔ Gbi” Mlitsɔɔmɔ ni Teeɔ Yiŋsusumɔ Shi

Aloo susumɔ jeŋ nilelɔ kroko Paul Davies ni ji tsɔɔlɔ yɛ University of Adelaide ni yɔɔ Australia lɛ he okwɛ. Washington Times lɛ wie yɛ ehe akɛ eji “Jeŋ nilee he niŋmalɔ ni he esa fe fɛɛ yɛ Atlantic lɛ nɔ he fɛɛ he.” Yɛ afi 1994 mli lɛ, eŋma wolo ni ji The Last Three Minutes, ni áwo lɛ gbɛi akɛ “kojomɔ gbi he woji fɛɛ anyɛ lɛ.” Atsɛɔ nɛkɛ wolo nɛɛ klɛŋklɛŋ yitso lɛ akɛ “Kojomɔ Gbi,” ni etsɔɔ bɔ ni nibii ni asusuɔ akɛ ebaanyɛ eba kɛtsara nɔ lɛ he mfoniri ni afeɔ yɛ jwɛŋmɔŋ lɛ baafee nɔ ni baanyɛ aba mli kɛ́ eeeba lɛ akɛ nɔ ko ni tamɔ ŋulami ko aaatswa shibɔlemɔ ŋulami Shikpɔŋ lɛ. Kanemɔ esane mlitsɔɔmɔ ni woɔ wala he gbeyei lɛ fã ko he sane:

“Shibɔlemɔ ŋulami lɛ hosoɔ kɛ hewalɛ ni shɛɔ shikpɔŋhosomɔi akpei nyɔŋma hewalɛ. Kɔɔyɔɔ ni fã kpo ni jɛ nifɛmɔ ni naa wa ni hosoɔ nii waa lɛ mli kɛba lɛ bɛɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ hiɛ, ni eha tsũi lɛ fɛɛ fee shwɛtɛɛ, ni efite nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni bajeɔ egbɛ nɔ lɛ. Shikpɔŋ shwɛtɛɛ ni yɔɔ he ni ŋulami lɛ tswa shikpɔŋ lɛ yɛ lɛ sereɔ ni ewóɔ ehe nɔ efeɔ tamɔ gɔji ni efee kokoroo tamɔ ga ni kwɔlɛ shɛɔ kilomitai abɔ, ni efãmɔɔ nibii kɛjɛɔ Shikpɔŋ shishi kɛbaa ŋwɛi tamɔ bu kokoroo ko, ní kɛjɛ afã kome kɛtee afã kroko lɛ susumɔ feɔ kilomitai aaashɛ oha kɛ nyɔŋmai enumɔ. . . . Nibii fufuji babaoo ni efee mulumulu ni buaa amɛhe naa lɛ fãmɔɔ kpo kɛboteɔ kɔɔyɔɔ lɛ mli, ni ehàa hulu lɛ hiɛ yɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulami muu lɛ fɛɛ nɔ. Amrɔ nɛɛ ŋulamii ni tsɛ̃ɔ kɛjɛɔ ŋwɛi akpekpei toi akpei abɔ lɛ kpɛmɔ lɛ ni naa waa ni baa shi, ni baanyɛ aye mɔ awui lɛ yeɔ hulu kpɛmɔ lɛ najiaŋ, ni ekɛ amɛ dɔlɛ ni shãa nii lɛ shãa shikpɔŋ lɛ yɛ shishigbɛ, be mli ni nibii ni fãmɔɔ kpo lɛ jɛɔ ŋwɛiniiaŋ kɛboteɔ kɔɔyɔɔ lɛ mli lɛ.”

Nilelɔ Davies tee nɔ ewie nibii ni asusuɔ akɛ ebaanyɛ eba kɛtsara nɔ lɛ he mfoniri ni afeɔ yɛ jwɛŋmɔŋ nɛɛ he kɛkɔ nɔ ko ni tamɔ ŋulami ni atsɛɔ lɛ akɛ Swift-Tuttle ni atsɔ hiɛ atsɔɔ akɛ ebaatswa shikpɔŋ lɛ he. Ekɛ kɔkɔbɔɔ lɛ fata he akɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ ekolɛ nifeemɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ jeee nɔ ni baaba yɛ wɔsɛɛ be ni ebɛŋkɛ lɛ mli moŋ, shi yɛ esusumɔ naa lɛ “etsɛŋ loo yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ Swift-Tuttle loo nɔ ko ni tamɔ nakai, baatswa Shikpɔŋ lɛ.” Sane ni emu naa lɛ damɔ susumɔ ni tsɔɔ akɛ nibii 10,000 ni amɛkutruku lɛ liamɔ ji kilomita fɛ́i 5 loo nɔ ni fe nakai lɛ nyiɛɔ gbɛ̀i srɔtoi ni eko tsɔɔ eko nɔ yɛ Shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ nɔ.

Ani oheɔ oyeɔ akɛ gbɛkpamɔ ni woɔ mɔ he gbeyei nɛɛ baaba mli lɛɛlɛŋ? Gbɔmɛi babaoo diɛŋtsɛ heɔ yeɔ. Shi amɛjieɔ naagba fɛɛ naagba kɛjeɔ amɛjwɛŋmɔŋ kɛtsɔ nɔmimaa ni amɛkɛhaa amɛhe akɛ ebaŋ mli yɛ amɛ beaŋ lɛ nɔ. Shi mɛni hewɔ esa akɛ akpata shibɔlemɔ ŋulami Shikpɔŋ lɛ hiɛ gbi ko—kɛ́ etsɛŋ loo afii akpei abɔ sɛɛ kɛjɛ amrɔ nɛɛ? Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ, jeee shikpɔŋ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ kɛ naagba lɛ bahaa enɔ bii lɛ, kɛ́ amɛji adesai loo kooloi. Shi moŋ, ani jeee gbɔmɔ diɛŋtsɛ kɛ afii ohai 20 nɛɛ mli naagbai lɛ babaoo baa, ni “shikpɔŋ lɛ” ni aaahe ‘afite lɛ’ kwraa lɛ fata he?—Kpojiemɔ 11:18.

Ajaje Nii ni Gbɔmɔ Kwɛɛɛ Nɔ Jogbaŋŋ Lɛ

Ni nɔ pɔtɛɛ ni tsɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ akɛ ekolɛ gbɔmɔ diɛŋtsɛ baanyɛ akpata shikpɔŋ lɛ hiɛ kwraa loo efite lɛ kɛtsɔ enɔ ni ekwɛɛɛ jogbaŋŋ kɛ ehiɛjoomɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ hu? Eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ áfite shikpɔŋ lɛ hei komɛi waa diɛŋtsɛ momo kɛtsɔ koo mli tsei ni afolɔɔ babaoo tsɔ̃, kɔɔyɔŋ fitemɔ ni anyɛɛɛ he nɔ ko afee, kɛ hei ni nu tsɔɔ kɛhoɔ lɛ fitemɔ nɔ. Niŋmalɔi Barbara Ward kɛ René Dubos mu enɛ he sane naa jogbaŋŋ aaafee afii 25 ni eho nɛ yɛ amɛwolo ni ji Only One Earth lɛ mli akɛ: “Nibii wuji etɛ ni afiteɔ lɛ waa ni esa akɛ wɔpɛi mli wɔkwɛ—kɔɔyɔɔ, nu, kɛ sũ—yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, nomɛi feɔ nibii titrii etɛ ni he hiaa koni wɔ shibɔlemɔ ŋulami lɛ afee he ni wala yɔɔ.” Ni kɛ hoo lɛ, kɛjɛ no beaŋ kɛbaa nɛɛ shihilɛ lɛ tsakeko koni ehi, aloo jeee nakai?

Kɛ wɔmiisusu shikpɔŋ lɛ ni gbɔmɔ baanyɛ akpata hiɛ loo efite lɛ kɛtsɔ nilee ni lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ebɛ lɛ nɔ lɛ he lɛ, wɔbaanyɛ wɔná hewalɛwoo kɛtsɔ shibɔlemɔ ŋulami Shikpɔŋ lɛ naakpɛɛ gbɛ ni etsɔɔ nɔ ekɛsaa ehe ni ekɛfeɔ nɔ ni efite yɛ ehe lɛ ehee lɛ hesusumɔ nɔ. Beni René Dubos wieɔ nyɛmɔ ni yɔɔ kɛha nisaamɔ ehee yɛ naakpɛɛ gbɛ nɔ nɛɛ he lɛ, ewie saji ni woɔ mɔ hewalɛ nɛɛ yɛ wolo kroko ni ji The Resilience of Ecosystems lɛ mli akɛ:

“Gbɔmɛi babaoo sheɔ gbeyei akɛ shihilɛhei ni fiteɔ ni aaaha wɔhiɛ ahi wɔhe nɔ yɛ he lɛ ekpe sɛɛ tsɔ, ejaakɛ anyɛŋ atsake nibii babaoo ni afite momo yɛ nibii kɛ amɛ shihilɛhei ahe lɛ dɔŋŋ. Yɛ misusumɔ naa lɛ, nɔ ko bɛ ni akɛbaajie naa yɛ nɔ fɔŋ gbɛkpamɔ nɛɛ he, ejaakɛ nibii kɛ amɛ shihilɛhei yɛ hewalɛi waa diɛŋtsɛ ni ekɛaatsake kɛjɛ ehe nibii ni fiteɔ lɛ mli.

“Nibii kɛ amɛ shihilɛhei yɛ gbɛi srɔtoi babaoo ni etsɔɔ nɔ ekɛsaa nɔ ni efite yɛ ehe lɛ. . . . Amɛyeɔ amɛbuaa nibii kɛ amɛ shihilɛhei koni amɛye nɔ ni jɛɔ naagbai amli kɛbaa lɛ nɔ kɛtsɔ bɔ ni nibii kɛ amɛ shihilɛhei lɛ yɔɔ tsutsu ko ni ŋmɛɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ lɛ ni eeetsake fiofio kɛyaje mli ekoŋŋ lɛ kɛkɛ nɔ.”

Abaanyɛ Afee

Enɛ he nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ni nɔ bɛ ni ba nyɛsɛɛ afii nɛɛ amli ji London Thames faa ni ehe gbɛi ni asáa ehe nibii fiofio lɛ. Wolo ni ji The Thames Transformed, ni Jeffrey Harrison kɛ Peter Grant ŋma lɛ, kɛ nɔ ni anyɛ atsu ni sa kadimɔ nɛɛ ni tsɔɔ nɔ ni abaanyɛ atsu kɛ́ mɛi fee ekome kɛtsu nii koni ehe aba sɛɛnamɔ kɛha mɔ fɛɛ mɔ lɛ he saji ha. Britania Odehe ni jɛ Edinburgh lɛ ŋma yɛ ewolo lɛ hiɛkpamɔ wiemɔ lɛ mli akɛ: “Yɛ naagbee lɛ, naa kunimyeli he sane wulu ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ni esa akɛ akala yɛ anɔkwale ni eji akɛ ebaanyɛ ewo mɛi komɛi hewalɛ koni amɛsusu akɛ nibii ahebuu he naagbai lɛ jeee nɔ ni ehiii diɛŋtsɛ taakɛ aha amɛhe amɛye lɛ. . . . Amɛ fɛɛ amɛbaanyɛ amɛná nɔmimaa kɛjɛ nɔ ni anyɛ atsu yɛ Thames he lɛ mli. Sanekpakpa lɛ ji akɛ, abaanyɛ afee, ni amɛnifeemɔ gbɛi lɛ hu baanyɛ aye omanye.”

Harrison kɛ Grant kɛ ekãa ŋma nɔ ni anyɛ atsu yɛ afii 50 ni eho lɛ mli lɛ yɛ saneyitso ni ji “The Great Clean-Up” (Nisaamɔ Kpeteŋkpele Lɛ) mli akɛ: “Enɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa yɛ je lɛ mli ni atsake faa ko ni afite lɛ waa diɛŋtsɛ ni akɛtsuɔ jarayeli he nii lɛ kɛtee shihilɛ ni eyɔɔ mli klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ mli ekoŋŋ bɔ ni eha aná nu mli loofɔji kɛ looi babaoo yɛ mli ekoŋŋ. Ákɛ tsakemɔ ni tamɔ nakai eba oyayaayai yɛ shihilɛ ko ni klɛŋklɛŋ ko lɛ etamɔ nɔ ni sɛɛnamɔ ko bɛ he kwraa lɛ hewɔ lɛ, ewoɔ jwɛiaŋ kooloi ahebulɔ ni kpaa nɔ fɔŋ gbɛ fe fɛɛ lɛ po hewalɛ.”

Kɛkɛ ni amɛtsɔɔ bɔ ni nitsakemɔ lɛ yɔɔ ha akɛ: “Bɔ ni faa lɛ shihilɛ yɔɔ ha lɛ fite fiofio yɛ afii ni eho lɛ amli, ekolɛ, nɔ ni fata he ji nɔ ni ba enɔ yɛ naagbee mli yɛ Jeŋ Ta ni Ji Enyɔ lɛ mli beni afite dadei wuji ni nu mujimuji tsɔɔ mli kɛhoɔ kɛ nibii ni hɔlɔ shikpɔŋ shishi ni nu mujimuji tsɔɔ mli loo akpata hiɛ lɛ. Yɛ afi 1940 kɛ afi 1950 afii lɛ amli lɛ, bɔ ni Thames yɔɔ ha lɛ ba shi kwraa. Faa lɛ hi fioo fe nibii ni hɔlɔ shikpɔŋ shishi ni naa kã ni nu mujimuji tsɔɔ mli kɛhoɔ lɛ; nu lɛ su bafee ediŋ, ni kɔɔyɔɔ kpakpa bɛ mli, ni yɛ hulutsoo nyɔji lɛ amli lɛ anuɔ fũ ni Thames jeɔ waa lɛ he kɛyaa shɔŋŋ. . . . Yɛ naagbee lɛ aha looi ni be ko lɛ amɛyi fáa babaoo lɛ bashi mli, ni ŋshɔŋ onufui fioo komɛi pɛ eshwɛ yɛ nyɛmɔ ni amɛyɔɔ akɛ amɛaamu kɔɔyɔɔ tɛ̃ɛ kɛjɛ nu lɛ hiɛ lɛ hewɔ. Nui ni lɛɛ ni bua shi kɛyaa shɔŋŋ diɛŋtsɛ ni efee loofɔji ashihilɛhe lɛ ni kã London kɛ Woolwich teŋ ni tsũi sɔŋŋ yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ batsɔ he ko ni dɔkɔdɔkɔi kɛ nuŋ loofɔji fioo yɔɔ jɛmɛ, ni ŋmãa ni jɛɔ ŋmãa ni abua naa awo tsũi bibii amli lɛ mli shwieɔ shi ni amɛyeɔ lɛ ahewɔ amɛnyɛɔ amɛhiɔ shi moŋ fe niyenii diɛŋtsɛ ni amɛaana amɛye lɛ. . . . Belɛ, kulɛ namɔ baahe aye akɛ no mli lɛ etsɛŋ ni tsakemɔ ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ baaba? Yɛ afii nyɔŋma mli lɛ ehe bahia koni atsake nakai faa ni lɛɛ ni bua shi kɛyaa shɔŋŋ lɛ kɛjɛ he ko ni tamɔ loofɔji ashihilɛhe ni bɛ ni efee abobaahe kɛha nuŋ loofɔji henɔi srɔtoi babaoo, ni nuŋ loofɔji ni naa shɛɔ 10,000 kɛ ŋshɔnaa loofɔji ni naa shɛɔ 12,000 ni hiɔ shi yɛ fɛibe mli lɛ fata he.”

Shi, no ji nɔ kome pɛ ni tsɔɔ tsakemɔ ni ba yɛ shikpɔŋ nɔ he ko bibioo. Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, wɔbaanyɛ wɔkase nii kɛjɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ nɛɛ mli. Etsɔɔ akɛ ehe ehiaaa ni asusuɔ akɛ nakai shibɔlemɔ ŋulami Shikpɔŋ lɛ hiɛ baakpata kɛ̃ yɛ enɔ ni gbɔmɔ kwɛɛɛ jogbaŋŋ, hiɛjoomɔ, kɛ enii ahe ni esusuuu hewɔ. Tsɔsemɔ kpakpa kɛ mɔdɛŋ ni abɔɔ yɛ ekomefeemɔ mli koni ehi kɛha adesai fɛɛ lɛ baanyɛ aye abua koni shikpɔŋ lɛ ajaje emli nibii kɛ amɛ shihilɛhei, eshihilɛhei, kɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ hiɛ ni afite lɛ waa lɛ po. Shi hewalɛi ni jɛɔ sɛɛ baa ni baanyɛ akpata hiɛ lɛ hu, tamɔ ŋulami loo shibɔlemɔ ŋulami bibioo ko ni etse kɛbaa lɛ?

Abaana bɔ ni abaafee ni aná sanebimɔ ni wa nɛɛ hetoo ni haa mɔ tsui nyɔɔ emli lɛ yɛ nikasemɔ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli.

[Wiemɔ ni akɔ ni akɛmiitsu nii ni yɔɔ baafa 5]

Tsɔsemɔ kɛ mɔdɛŋ ni abɔɔ yɛ ekomefeemɔ mli lɛ baanyɛ aye abua shikpɔŋ lɛ koni ejaje nibii ni afite lɛ waa yɛ ehe lɛ po