Aakojo Sutsakemɔ

Amrɔ nɛɛ mɛi ni tsɔɔ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ miiwie waa akɛ asaa apɛi nibii ni wala yɔɔ mli lɛ ashishijee he saji amli ekoŋŋ

FEEMƆ ohe mfoniri akɛ ofata kojolɔi ni kwɛɔ awuiyeli sane ko mli lɛ ahe. Mɔ ni afolɔ enaa lɛ miima nɔ mi waa akɛ eyeɔ bem, ni odasefoi kɛ amɛhe eha akɛ amɛbaawie amɛha lɛ. Shi, beni oboɔ amɛ odaseyeli lɛ toi lɛ, okadi akɛ odasefoi lɛ ateŋ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ wiemɔ teɔ shi ewoɔ mɛi krokomɛi ni eshwɛ lɛ anɔ lɛ. Kɛkɛ ni, beni atsɛ odasefoi ni yeɔ odase lɛ ekoŋŋ koni amɛbadamɔ shi ni abi amɛ saji lɛ, amɛwiemɔi lɛ tsake ekoŋŋ. Akɛ kojolɔi lɛ ateŋ mɔ ko lɛ, ani obaabu amɛ odaseyeli lɛ akɛ anɔkwale? Ani obaanu he akɛ esa akɛ aŋmɛɛ mɔ ni sane lɛ kã enɔ lɛ he? Ekolɛ ofeŋ nakai, ejaakɛ ehefãmɔ lɛ mli wiemɔi ni kɛ amɛhe kpaaa gbee lɛ gbɔjɔɔ anɔkwale ni mɔ ni ayeɔ esane lɛ kɛɔ akɛ ewieɔ lɛ.

Nakai ji sane ni kɔɔ sutsakemɔ jeŋ nilee ni akaa yiŋ awieɔ lɛ he lɛ. Odasefoi pii kɛ amɛhe eha, ni amɛkɛ naatsɔɔmɔi babaoo eha yɛ wala shishijee he, ni amɛkɛmiifa sutsakemɔ jeŋ nilee ni akaa yiŋ awieɔ lɛ he. Shi ani amɛ odaseyeli lɛ baafee nɔ ni abaanyɛ akpɛlɛ nɔ yɛ saneyeli he lɛ? Ani mɛi ni fiɔ jeŋ nilee ni akaa yiŋ awieɔ nɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ awiemɔi kɛ amɛhe kpaa gbee?

Odaseyeli ni Teɔ Shi Ewoɔ Ehe

Mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ wala tsɔ eje shishi? Ekolɛ sanebimɔ ko eteko shi ni etee wiemɔi ni akaa yiŋ awieɔ kɛ naataomɔ babaoo shi tamɔ enɛ. Ni kɛlɛ, naataomɔ lɛ jeee nɔ ni kã sutsakemɔ kɛ adebɔɔ teŋ kɛkɛ; naataomɔ lɛ babaoo yaa nɔ yɛ mɛi ni tsɔɔ sutsakemɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ateŋ. Etamɔ nɔ ni ajeɔ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he nɔ fɛɛ nɔ—bɔ ni ebalɛ eha, he ni eje shishi yɛ, mɔ loo nɔ ni je shishi, kɛ bei abɔ ni tsakemɔ lɛ hé lɛ—fɛɛ he ŋwane waa.

Afii babaoo nɛ ni mɛi ni tsɔɔ sutsakemɔ lɛ ewie akɛ wala je shishi yɛ “nu” ni afutu, ni nibii ni yɔɔ wala lɛ ahe nibii yɔɔ mli lɛ mli. Amrɔ nɛɛ, mɛi komɛi heɔ amɛyeɔ akɛ afũi komɛi ni tswa yɛ ŋshɔŋ ji nɔ ni fee wala. Ŋshɔ shishi nu hiŋmɛii komɛi ji he kroko ni jeŋ nilelɔi tsɔɔ akɛ eji wala shishijee hé. Mɛi komɛi wieɔ akɛ nibii ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli lɛ bashɛ shi kɛtsɔ tɛi komɛi ni jɛ ŋwɛi niiaŋ kɛbagbee shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ anɔ. Aloo ekolɛ, taakɛ mɛi krokomɛi hu kɛɔ lɛ, shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii bibii komɛi bagbee shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ ni amɛtsake kɔɔyɔɔ ni ebɔle ehe lɛ, ni no feemɔ kanya wala shishijee. Niiamlipɛilɔ ko wie akɛ: “Ŋmɛɛmɔ dade agbo ko he kɛjɛ ŋwɛi kɛbagbee shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ, ni eka shi faŋŋ akɛ obaana naakpɛɛ nibii ni baajɛ mli kɛba.”

Aasaa aasusu bɔ ni wala shishijee ba eha lɛ hu he ekoŋŋ. Time wolo tɛtrɛɛ lɛ wie akɛ: “Wala ejeee shishi yɛ shihilɛi ni yɔɔ dioo, loo hejɔlɛ mli, taakɛ asusu be ko lɛ, shi moŋ yɛ atatui ni mli edɔ waa ashishi, yɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulami ni gɔji ni fɛ̃ɔ la kɛ lasu etsake esu, ni shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii bibii bagbeeɔ nɔ lɛ nɔ.” Amrɔ nɛɛ, jeŋ nilelɔi komɛi wieɔ akɛ, kɛji wala baaba kɛjɛ nakai basabasa feemɔ mli lɛ, no lɛ nifeemɔ lɛ fɛɛ ba yɛ be kukuoo ko pɛ mli fe bɔ ni asusu tsutsu lɛ.

Jeŋ nilelɔi yɛ susumɔi ni kɛ amɛhe kpaaa gbee, yɛ he ni Nyɔŋmɔ—“kɛji eyɛ lɛ”—ehe baa sane lɛ mli yɛ. Mɛi komɛi wieɔ akɛ wala ba ní Bɔlɔ ko kɛ ehe wooo mli, yɛ be mli ni mɛi krokomɛi hu susuɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ je nifeemɔ lɛ shishi ni eha sutsakemɔ tsa nɔ ni eha wala ba.

Beni wala eje shishi sɛɛ lɛ, te fee tɛŋŋ ni sutsakemɔ ba? Yɛ enɛ po mli lɛ, saji lɛ yɛ sɔrɔto. Yɛ 1958 mli, ni ji afii oha yɛ be mli ni aŋma The Origin of Species wolo lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, sutsakemɔ he nilelɔ Sir Julian Huxley wie akɛ: “Ama Darwin niiashikpamɔ kpele, ni ji jeŋ muu fɛɛ nihalamɔ he shishitoo mla lɛ nɔ mi, ni akɛma shi shiŋŋ agbɛnɛ akɛ nɔ titri ni kɛ sutsakemɔ mli tsakemɔi wuji lɛ ba.” Shi afii nyɔŋmai enyɔ kɛ ejwɛ sɛɛ lɛ, sutsakemɔ he nilelɔ Michael Ruse ŋma akɛ: “Nilelɔi ni kaseɔ nibii ni wala yɔɔ amɛmli lɛ ahe nii lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii . . . wieɔ akɛ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ ko ni akaa yiŋ awieɔ, ni damɔ Darwin shishitoo mlai anɔ—titri lɛ tsɔɔmɔ fɛɛ tsɔɔmɔ ni akaa yiŋ awieɔ, ni buɔ jeŋ muu fɛɛ nihalamɔ lɛ akɛ gbɛ titri ni sutsakemɔ mli tsakemɔi lɛ tsɔ nɔ kɛba lɛ—yeee emuu, ni elakaa mɔ.”

Eyɛ mli akɛ Time wolo tɛtrɛɛ lɛ wie akɛ ayɛ “anɔkwalei babaoo ni yɔɔ shiŋŋ” ni fiɔ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ sɛɛ moŋ, shi kɛlɛ ekpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ji adesã ko ni yɔɔ hwanyaŋŋ, ni yɔɔ “shigbeemɔi pii, kɛ tsɔɔmɔi babaoo ni teɔ shi woɔ amɛhe, ni kɔɔ bɔ ni aaafee atsɔɔ odaseyelii ni elaaje lɛ ashishi lɛ he.” Yɛ nɔ najiaŋ ni amɛaakɛɛ akɛ agbe sane lɛ naa lɛ, mɛi ni fiɔ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ sɛɛ waa lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi miiwie waa akɛ asaa akwɛ wala shishijee he sane lɛ mli ekoŋŋ.

Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, naataamɔ ni akɛhaa yɛ sutsakemɔ he—titri lɛ kɛha wala shishijee, taakɛ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔ lɛ—damɔɔ odaseyeli ni kɛ ehe kpaa gbee nɔ. Jeŋ nilelɔ T. H. Janabi wie akɛ mɛi ni wieɔ kɛfiɔ sutsakemɔ sɛɛ lɛ “eka amɛyiŋ amɛkɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni tɔmɔ yɔɔ mli babaoo eha ni amɛŋmɛɛ he yɛ afii ohai abɔ lɛ fɛɛ mli, ni kɛbashi amrɔ nɛɛ, jeŋ nilelɔi nyɛko amɛkpɛlɛ nɛkɛ susumɔi ni amɛkaa amɛyiŋ amɛkɛhaa nɛɛ ekome po nɔ.”

Nɔ ni yɔɔ miishɛɛ ji akɛ, Charles Darwin kpa naataamɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ gbɛ. Eŋma yɛ The Origin of Species wolo lɛ hiɛkpamɔ wiemɔ lɛ mli akɛ: “Mile jogbaŋŋ akɛ oti kome folo po bɛ ni miwie he yɛ wolo nɛɛ mli, ni anyɛŋ akɛ anɔkwalei aha yɛ he akɛ yiŋtoo ni yɔɔ he, ni bei pii lɛ eyagbeɔ naa yɛ sanenaamui ni kɛ bɔ ni mimu saji anaa miha lɛ kpaaa gbee kwraa lɛ amli.”

Lɛlɛŋ, nɛkɛ odaseyelii ni kɛ amɛhe kpaaa gbee nɛɛ teeɔ sanebimɔi ashi yɛ bɔ ni sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ja ha lɛ he.

Ani Sutsakemɔ Ji Nɔ ni Nilee Yɔɔ Mli ni Aaahala?

Milestones of History wolo lɛ wie akɛ, kɛjɛ eshishijee lɛ, sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ ni akaa yiŋ awieɔ lɛ “ŋɔɔ mɛi pii anaa ejaakɛ efee tamɔ nɔ ni eji jeŋ nilee mli anɔkwa sane, fe nɔ ni akaa yiŋ awieɔ yɛ adebɔɔi krɛdɛɛi ahe lɛ.”

Kɛfata he lɛ, wiemɔi ni mɛi ni tsɔɔ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ wieɔ ni abiii he sane lɛ hu baanyɛ awo mɔ he gbeyei. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, jeŋ nilelɔ H. S. Shelton wieɔ kɛ nɔmimaa akɛ susumɔ ni ayɔɔ ni kɔɔ adebɔɔ krɛdɛɛ he lɛ ji “kwashiai asane tsɔ̃ fe bɔ ni sa akɛ akɛ hiɛdɔɔ asusu he.” Wala bɔɔ nii ahe nilelɔ Richard Dawkins wie faŋŋ akɛ: “Kɛ okɛ mɔ ko kpe ni ekɛɛ akɛ eheee sutsakemɔ eyeee lɛ, nakai mɔ lɛ leee nɔ ko kwraa, buulu ji lɛ, aloo ebɛ yitsoŋ.” Nakai nɔŋŋ hu, Nilelɔ René Dubos wie akɛ: “Amrɔ nɛɛ, mɛi ni ena sɛɛyoomɔ waa lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii kpɛlɛɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ jeŋ muu fɛɛ—kɛjɛ ŋwɛiniiaŋ shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii anɔ aahu kɛbashi adesai anɔ—lɛ nɔ akɛ anɔkwa sane, akɛ nibii nɛɛ fɛɛ tsake aahu, ni eeya nɔ eetsake lolo kɛtsɔ sutsakemɔ nifeemɔi anɔ.”

Etamɔ nɔ ni anaa kɛjɛɔ nɛkɛ wiemɔi nɛɛ amli akɛ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ni hiɛ kã shi fioo lɛ baakpɛlɛ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ nɔ amrɔ nɔŋŋ. Ejaakɛ, nakai ni eeefee lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ mɔ lɛ “ena sɛɛyoomɔ” moŋ fe ni eeefee “buulu.” Ni kɛlɛ, hii kɛ yei ni le woloŋ waa yɛ ni amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ ni akaa yiŋ awieɔ lɛ nɔ. Francis Hitching ŋma yɛ ewolo ni gbɛi ji The Neck of the Giraffe lɛ mli akɛ: “Mikɛ jeŋ nilelɔi pii ekpe ni yiŋ feɔ amɛ kɔshikɔshi, kɛ mɛi fioo ko hu ni tee nɔ fe nakai, aahu akɛ amɛwie akɛ Darwin sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ ebatsɔ jeŋ nilee mli tsɔɔmɔ ni akpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ kwraa.”

Chandra Wickramasinghe, ni ji Britania jeŋ nilelɔ ko ni ale lɛ waa lɛ hu ekɔ shidamɔ ni tamɔ enɛ. Ewie akɛ: “Odaseyeli ko kwraa bɛ kɛha shishijee tsɔɔmɔi ni kɔɔ Darwin sutsakemɔ lɛ he lɛ eko kwraa. Adesai ashihilɛ mli hewalɛ ko ji nɔ ni baye je lɛ nɔ yɛ 1860 afi lɛ mli, ni misusuɔ akɛ ebafee oshara kpele kɛha jeŋ nilee kɛjɛ nakai beaŋ kɛbaa.”

T. H. Janabi kwɛ naataamɔ ni mɛi ni fiɔ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ kɛha lɛ mli. Ewie akɛ: “Mina akɛ shihilɛ yɛ sɔrɔto kwraa yɛ nɔ ni aha wɔhe wɔye lɛ he. Odaseyeli lɛ faaa kwraa, ni eyɛ bibii kwraa tsɔ̃, bɔ ni ebaanyɛ efi tsɔɔmɔ ni yɔɔ hwanyaŋŋ tamɔ nɔ ni kɔɔ wala shishijee he lɛ sɛɛ.”

Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, esaaa akɛ atswaa mɛi ni teɔ shi amɛwoɔ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ afɔ̃ɔ afã akɛ ‘nakai mɛi lɛ leee nɔ ko kwraa, buului ji amɛ, aloo amɛbɛ yitseiaŋ.’ Ehe bahia ni George Gaylord Simpson ni fiɔ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ sɛɛ waa lɛ po akpɛlɛ nɔ yɛ susumɔi ni teɔ shi woɔ sutsakemɔ lɛ agbɛfaŋ akɛ: “Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ ebaafee tɔmɔ akɛ akɛ ŋmɔlɔ aaabu nɛkɛ susumɔ nɛɛ akɛ nɔ ni he ehiaaa aloo ni aaaye amɛhe fɛo. Mɛi ni kɛ susumɔi nɛɛ baa lɛ ji, (ni amɛkã he amɛji) nikaselɔi ni yɔɔ nilee kɛ nyɛmɔi babaoo.”

Sane ni Kɔɔ Hemɔkɛyeli He

Mɛi komɛi susuɔ akɛ sutsakemɔ mli hemɔkɛyeli damɔ anɔkwa sane nɔ, yɛ be mli ni adebɔɔ mli hemɔkɛyeli damɔ hemɔkɛyeli diɛŋtsɛ nɔ. Eji anɔkwale akɛ gbɔmɔ ko kwraa enako Nyɔŋmɔ dã. (Yohane 1:18; okɛto 2 Korintobii 5:7 he.) Ni kɛlɛ, sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he bɛ sɛɛnamɔ ko yɛ enɛ gbɛfaŋ, ejaakɛ ato shishi ama nifeemɔi ni adesa ko yeko he odase dã, aloo afeko eko dɔŋŋ lɛ anɔ.

Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, jeŋ nilelɔi enako kooloi ni miitsake amɛhe dã—nɔ ni he yɔɔ sɛɛnamɔ po—ni haa wala bɔɔ nii heei baa; ni kɛlɛ, amɛyɛ nɔmimaa akɛ nɛkɛ ji gbɛ pɔtɛɛ ni bɔɔ nii henɔi sɔrɔtoi tsɔ nɔ kɛba. Amɛyeko bɔ ni wala diɛŋtsɛ tsake kɛba trukaa lɛ he odase; ni kɛlɛ, amɛwieɔ akɛ nɛkɛ ji bɔ ni wala fee eje shishi.

Nɛkɛ odaseyeli ni bɛ nɛɛ haa T. H. Janabi tsɛɔ sutsakemɔ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ akɛ “ ‘hemɔkɛyeli’ folo ko kɛkɛ.” Adebɔɔ nibii ahe nilelɔ Fred Hoyle tsɛɔ lɛ akɛ “Darwin Sanekpakpa lɛ.” Dr. Evan Shute yaa shɔŋŋ po fe nakai. Ekɛɔ akɛ: “Minaa akɛ mɔ ni heɔ adebɔɔ eyeɔ lɛ yɛ teemɔŋ saji fioo pɛ ni eeetsɔɔ mli, fe bɔ ni mɔ ni kɛ etsui fɛɛ heɔ sutsakemɔ eyeɔ lɛ yɔɔ.”

Nilelɔi krokomɛi kɛ amɛ kpaa gbee. Ŋulamii ahe nilelɔi Robert Jastrow kpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ: “Kɛ misusu bɔ ni gbɔmɔ su ji lɛ he lɛ, bɔ ni nɛkɛ nii ni yɔɔ sɔrɔto kwraa, ni yɔɔ wala mli nɛɛ jɛ tsofai ni efutu yɛ nu kulɔkulɔ ko mli lɛ tamɔ naakpɛɛ nii, tamɔ bɔ ni Biblia lɛ mli sane ni kɔɔ eshishijee he lɛ ji lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.”

Belɛ, mɛni hewɔ ni mɛi pii kã he amɛkpooɔ susumɔ ni ayɔɔ akɛ abɔ wala lɛ lolo lɛ?

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 3]

Wiemɔi ni mɛi komɛi wieɔ ni abiii he sane lɛ baanyɛ awo mɛi komɛi ahe gbeyei