Ani Nyɛ-Nyɔŋmɔ-Yoo Jamɔ lɛ Yɛ Shihilɛ Mli Lolo?
NYƐ NYƆŊMƆ-YOO jamɔ lɛ tee nɔ aahu yɛ mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ abeaŋ tɔɔ. Bɔfo Paulo kɛkpe yɛ Efeso yɛ Asia Bibioo lɛ. Taakɛ eji yɛ Ateene, ni ji maŋtiase kroko ni ajaa nyɔŋmɔ-yei yɛ mli lɛ mli lɛ, eye ‘“Nyɔŋmɔ ni fee je lɛ,” Bɔlɔ ni hiɛ ka, ni tamɔɔɔ “shika loo jwiɛtɛi loo tɛ ko ni gbɔmɔ kɛ eŋaa kɛ ejwɛŋmɔ fee” lɛ he odase. Enɛ fa kwraa tsɔ kɛha Efesobii, ni amɛteŋ mɛi babaoo jaa nyɛnyɔŋmɔ-yoo Artemi lɛ. Mɛi ni feɔ nyɔŋmɔ-yoo lɛ he jwiɛtɛi gbatsui bibii ni amɛhɔɔ ni amɛnaa amɛdaaŋ ŋmaa kɛjɛɔ mli lɛ tee basabasa-feemɔ shi. Aaafee ŋmɛlɛtswai enyɔ sɔŋŋ, ni gbɔmɛi asafo babaoo ko miibolɔ akɛ: “Efesobii Artemi lɛ kekenam ni!”—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 17:24, 29; 19:26, 34.
Efesobii Artemi Lɛ
Helabii lɛ hu jaa Artemi ko, shi akɛ Artemi ni ajaa lɛ yɛ Efeso lɛ toɔ ehe yɛ gbɛ bibioo ko pɛ nɔ. Helabii Artemi lɛ ji gbɔbimɔ kɛ bii afɔmɔ he obalayoo foro nyɔŋmɔ-yoo. Efesobii Artemi lɛ ji fɔmɔ nyɔŋmɔ-yoo. Abuɔ egbatsu kpeteŋkpele ni yɔɔ Efeso lɛ akɛ naakpɛɛ nibii kpawo ni yɔɔ je lɛŋ fɛɛ lɛ ateŋ ekome. Emaga, ni asusuɔ akɛ ejɛ ŋwɛi ebagbee shi lɛ feɔ ehe mfoniri akɛ mɔ ko ni damɔ shi kɛha fɔmɔ, ni etsitsi nɔ fɛɛ eyi obɔ kɛ fufɔi sɔŋŋ ni amɛsu tamɔ wuɔ wɔji. Bɔ ni efufɔi nɛɛ asu yɔɔ sɔrɔto ha lɛ etee emlitsɔɔmɔi babaoo ashi, ni ekomɛi tamɔ akɛ amɛdamɔ shi kɛha wuɔ wɔji ni ato amɛ kokloo tamɔ akekre aloo tamɔ tsina gbɛɛi amli wui. Bɔ fɛɛ bɔ ni abaatsɔɔ mli aha lɛ, anaa fɔmɔ he okadi lɛ yɛ mli faŋŋ.
Miishɛɛ sane ji akɛ, taakɛ bɔ ni The New Encyclopaedia Britannica lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, “shika, nɔkɔtsei, jwiɛtɛi, kɛ tɛ diŋ” akɛfee nɛkɛ nyɔŋmɔ-yoo nɛɛ he klɛŋklɛŋ amaga lɛ. Efesobii Artemi lɛ he amaga ko ni ale jogbaŋŋ, ni ehi shi kɛjɛ afii ohai enyɔ yɛ Ŋ.B. mli tɔɔ lɛ feɔ ehe mfoniri ni eyɛ hiɛ diŋ, kɛ niji kɛ naji diji.
Akɛ Artemi amaga foɔ shi kɛnyiɛɔ gbɛjegbɛi anɔ. Biblia he nilelɔ R. B. Rackham ŋma akɛ: “Nibii ni akɛto [Artemi] sɔlemɔ tsu lɛ mli ji . . . emaga, gbatsui bibii, kɛ esɔlemɔ tsu mli nibii krɔŋkrɔŋi ni akɛ shika kɛ jwiɛtɛi efee, ni kɛ eshɛ gbijurɔyelii wuji lɛ atereɔ kɛyaa maŋtiase lɛ mli ni akɛkuɔ sɛɛ kɛbaa ekoŋŋ yɛ hiɛnyamwoo shifoo mli.” Nɛkɛ gbijurɔyelii nɛɛ gbalaa jamɔ he gbɛfalɔi akpei ohai abɔ kɛjɛɔ Asia Bibioo lɛ niiaŋ fɛɛ kɛbaa. Amɛheɔ nyɔŋmɔ-yoo lɛ he gbatsui bibii ni afee lɛ ni amɛjieɔ eyi akɛ eji mɔ kpeteŋkpele, amɛ awura, maŋnyɛ lɛ, obalayoo foro lɛ, “mɔ ni boɔ sɔlemɔi atoi ni ekpɛlɛɔ nɔ lɛ.” Ebabi ekaa babaoo diɛŋtsɛ kɛha Paulo kɛ mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ yɛ hei ni tamɔ nɛkɛ, dani amɛnyɛ amɛjie “Nyɔŋmɔ ni fee je lɛ” yi, moŋ fe ni amɛaajie nyɔŋmɔi kɛ nyɔŋmɔ-yei ni akɛ “shika aloo jwiɛtɛi aloo tɛ” efee lɛ ayi.
Kɛjɛ Nyɛ-Nyɔŋmɔ-Yoo Nɔ Kɛtee “Nyɔŋmɔ Nyɛ” Nɔ
Onukpai ni yɔɔ Kristofoi asafo ni yɔɔ Efeso lɛ mli lɛ ji mɛi ni bɔfo Paulo tsɔ hiɛ egba hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ lɛ he sane etsɔɔ lɛ. Ebɔ amɛ kɔkɔ akɛ hemɔkɛyeli kwalɔi baate shi ni amɛaawie “nii ni ejaaa.” (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 20:17, 28-30) Nɔ kroko ni fata osharai ni yɔɔ nigii ni yɔɔ Efeso lɛ ahe ji amɛsɛɛ ni amɛku kɛtee nyɛ-nyɔŋmɔ-yoo jamɔ lɛ he ekoŋŋ lɛ. Ani enɛ ba mli lɛlɛŋ?
Wɔkaneɔ yɛ New Catholic Encyclopedia lɛ mli akɛ: “Akɛ he ko ni jamɔ he gbɛfalɔi yaa lɛ, abuɔ Efeso akɛ he ni afu [bɔfo] Yohane yɛ. . . . Blema sane kroko, ni Efeso Gwabɔɔ (431) lɛ ye he odase lɛ kɛ Obalayoo Foro Maria ni Ajɔɔ Lɛ lɛ kɛ Hetselɔ Yohane tsaa. Atsɛɔ sɔlemɔtsu ni Gwabɔɔ lɛ kpe yɛ mli lɛ akɛ Mary Sɔlemɔtsu.” Katolek wolo kroko (Théo—Nouvelle encyclopédie catholique) lɛ wieɔ “blema sane ko ni asusuɔ akɛ shishinumɔ yɔɔ mli” lɛ he, akɛ Maria fata Yohane he kɛtee Efeso, ni eyaye ewala gbii abɔ ni eshwɛ lɛ yɛ jɛmɛ. Shi mɛni hewɔ ni nɛkɛ tsakpaa ni asusuɔ akɛ eyɔɔ Efeso kɛ Maria teŋ nɛɛ he hiaa wɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ?
Ha The New Encyclopaedia Britannica lɛ aha hetoo: “Awo jamɔ ni akɛhaa Nyɔŋmɔ nyɛ lɛ mli hewalɛ babaoo beni Kristofoi a-Sɔlemɔ lɛ batsɔ maŋ jamɔ yɛ Konstantino shishi ni wɔŋjalɔi lɛ ke yuu kɛba sɔlemɔ lɛ mli lɛ. . . . Bɔ ni amɛtuu amɛhe amɛha Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ bɔ ni amɛhiɛ dɔɔ yɛ jamɔ he lɛ ehi shi yɛ afii akpei abɔ lɛ mli kɛtsɔ ‘nyɛ’ nyɔŋmɔ-yoo ‘kpeteŋkpele’ lɛ kɛ ‘ŋwɛi obalayoo foro’ lɛ jamɔ, ni ji nifeemɔ ko ni ehi shi aahu kɛjɛ blema Babilonbii kɛ Ashurbii ajamɔ ni ehe gbɛi lɛ beaŋ tɔɔ lɛ nɔ.” Mɛɛ he kroko ni hi fe fɛɛ abaanyɛ ana kɛha nyɛnyɔŋmɔ-yoo jamɔ lɛ “Kristojamɔ feemɔ” fe Efeso?
No hewɔ lɛ, Efeso ji he ni nakai nɔ ni akɛɛ atsɛɔ lɛ Kristofoi agwabɔɔ ni ji etɛ lɛ tsɛ Maria “Theotokos,” ni ji Hela wiemɔ ni shishi ji “Mɔ ni fɔ Nyɔŋmɔ,” aloo “Nyɔŋmɔ Nyɛ” lɛ yɛ, yɛ afi 431 Ŋ.B. New Catholic Encyclopedia lɛ jajeɔ akɛ: “Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ bɔ ni Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ nɛkɛ gbɛi nɛɛ tsu nii ha lɛ yɛ shiŋŋ kɛha shweremɔ yɛ wɔsɛɛ afii ohai abɔ ni akɛtsɔɔ Maria he tsɔɔmɔ kɛ hetuu-kɛhamɔ lɛ mli.”
Ŋmɛnɛ, anyɛɔ anaa “Obalayoo Foro Maria Sɔlemɔtsu,” he ni nɛkɛ gwabɔɔ nɛɛ kpe yɛ lɛ tsu koi lɛ lolo yɛ shikpɔŋ ni blema Efeso hi nɔ lɛ. Abaanyɛ ayashɛra shi yɛ sɔlemɔtsu ni, taakɛ blema saji tsɔɔ lɛ, jɛmɛ ji shia ni Maria hi mli ni egbo yɛ lɛ hu mli. Paapa Paul Vl yasara nɛkɛ Maria gbatsui nɛɛ yɛ Efeso yɛ 1967 mli.
Hɛɛ, Efeso ji wɔŋjalɔi anyɛ-nyɔŋmɔ-yoo jamɔ, tamɔ nɔ ni Paulo kɛkpe yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli, ni atsake lɛ kɛbatsɔ hetuu-kɛhamɔ ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ mli kɛha Maria akɛ “Nyɔŋmɔ Nyɛ” lɛ shikwɛɛ he. Hetuu-kɛhamɔ ni akɛhaa Maria lɛ nɔ titri atsɔ ni akɛbaa nyɛ-nyɔŋmɔ-yoo jamɔ lɛ yi aahu yɛ Kristendom shikpɔji anɔ lɛ.
Nyɛ-Nyɔŋmɔ-yoo Jamɔ lɛ Yɛ Shihilɛ Mli Lolo
Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics lɛ tsɛɔ Biblia he nilelɔ W. M. Ramsay wiemɔi asɛɛ akɛ ewie akɛ yɛ “afii ohai 5 lɛ mli lɛ, woo ni akɛhaa Obalayoo Foro Maria yɛ Efeso lɛ ji blema wɔŋjalɔi Anatolia jamɔ ni akɛhaa Obalayoo Foro Nyɛ lɛ ni [atsake lɛ ehee].” The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology lɛ jajeɔ akɛ: “Eyɛ mli akɛ jwɛŋmɔi ni Katolekbii hiɛ yɛ ‘Nyɔŋmɔ nyɛ’ kɛ agbɛnɛ yɛ ‘ŋwɛi maŋnyɛ’ lɛ he ba yɛ Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ sɛɛ moŋ, shi eyaa sɛɛ shɔŋŋ kɛyaa mra be mli Bokagbɛ jamɔ-kɛ-yinɔsane he shishifai ahe tɔɔ. . . . Ni anaa wɔŋjalɔi ajamɔ ni akɛhaa ŋwɛi nyɛ lɛ mli okadii babaoo yɛ sɛɛ mli jamɔ ni akɛhaa Maria lɛ mli.”
Nɛkɛ okadii nɛɛ fa babaoo ni emli ka shi faŋŋ tsɔ fe bɔ ni eeenyɛ eba trukaa. Anyɛŋ aku hiɛ ashwie bɔ ni nyɛ-kɛ-bi he amagai ni afee yɛ Obalayoo Foro Maria he kɛ wɔŋjalɔi anyɔŋmɔ-yei ahe amagai, tamɔ Isis je amɛhe lɛ nɔ ni awieee he. Madonna Diŋ lɛ he amagai kɛ nibii ni atɛŋ ohai abɔ ni yɔɔ Katolek sɔlemɔtsui amli yɛ je lɛŋ fɛɛ lɛ nyɛɔ etsɛɔ Artemi he amaga lɛ kɛbaa jwɛŋmɔ mli ekoŋŋ. Wolo ni ji Théo—Nouvelle encyclopédie catholique lɛ wieɔ yɛ nɛkɛ Obalayei Foji Diji nɛɛ ahe akɛ: “Etamɔ nɔ ni amɛbatsɔmɔ gbɛi ni atsɔɔ nɔ akɛ nɔ ni hi ehi shi aahu akɛ hetuu-kɛhamɔ ni ale jogbaŋŋ ni akɛhaa Diana [Artemi] . . . loo Cybele lɛ ni aatsake akɛmiiha Maria.” Ŋwɛiyaa Gbi ni ayeɔ ehe shifoo gbijurɔ ahaa Obalayoo Foro Maria lɛ hu naa eshishijee henɔ ko yɛ shifoo gbijurɔ ni ayeɔ kɛwoɔ Cybele kɛ Artemi hiɛ nyam lɛ mli.
Gbɛi diɛŋtsɛ po ni akɛhaa Maria lɛ kaiɔ wɔ yɛ wɔŋjalɔi anyɛ-nyɔŋmɔ-yei lɛ ahe. Awoɔ Ishtar hiɛ nyam akɛ “Obalayoo Foro Krɔŋkrɔŋ” lɛ, “miwura,” kɛ “nyɛ musuŋtsɔlɔ ni boɔ sɔlemɔi atoi lɛ.” Atsɛɔ Isis kɛ Astarte akɛ “Ŋwɛi Maŋnyɛ.” Awo Cybele gbɛi akɛ “Mɛi ni Ajɔɔ Amɛ lɛ Fɛɛ a-Nyɛ.” Akɛ nɛkɛ sabalai, ni atsake mli fioo kɛkɛ nɛɛ fɛɛ tsuɔ nii ahaa Maria.
Vatican ll wo “Obalayoo Foro ni Ajɔɔ Lɛ” lɛ jamɔ he hewalɛ. Ale Paapa John Paul ll akɛ mɔ ko ni etuu ehe fɛɛ eha Maria jamɔ jogbaŋŋ diɛŋtsɛ. Yɛ hei babaoo ni efa gbɛ kɛtee lɛ fɛɛ mli lɛ, ehaaa hegbɛi ni ena ni ekɛaasara Maria gbatsui, ni Madonna Diŋ ni yɔɔ Czestochowa, yɛ Poland lɛ fata he lɛ eko kwraa aŋmɛɛ lɛ. Ekɛ jeŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ wo Maria dɛŋ ni ekwɛ nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, ebɛ naakpɛɛ akɛ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica lɛ ŋma yɛ yitso “Nyɛ Nyɔŋmɔyoo” lɛ shishi akɛ: “Akɛ nakai wiemɔ lɛ hu etsu nii aha nibii sɔrɔtoi babaoo tamɔ nɔ ni afɔɔ amɛ tsɛmɔ akɛ Venus he amagai ni jɛ Tɛ Yinɔ beaŋ tɔɔ lɛ kɛ Obalayoo Foro Maria hu nɔ.”
Shi bɔ ni Roma Katolekbii jaa Maria amɛhaa lɛ jeee gbɛ pɛ ni atsɔ nɔ abaa nyɛ-nyɔŋmɔ-yoo jamɔ lɛ yi kɛbashi wɔgbii nɛɛ amli. Ni ekolɛ ooona he miishɛɛ akɛ ooole akɛ mɛi ni fiɔ yei akui ni atse lɛ asɛɛ lɛ eŋmala woji babaoo yɛ nyɛ-nyɔŋmɔ-yei ajamɔ he. Amɛheɔ amɛyeɔ akɛ anyɛ yei anɔ kwraa tsɔ bɔ ni esaaa yɛ nɛkɛ jeŋ ni hii kɛ hiɛdɔɔ yeɔ nɔ nɛɛ mli, ni akɛ jamɔ ni gbalaa jwɛŋmɔ kɛyaa yei anɔ lɛ jieɔ bɔ ni adesai shweɔ ni amɛhi jeŋ ni basabasa-feemɔ kɛ hiɛdɔɔ bɛ mli lɛ mli lɛ kpo faŋŋ etsɔɔ. Etamɔ nɔ ni amɛheɔ amɛyeɔ hu akɛ, eji agbalaa ejwɛŋmɔ kɛyaa yei anɔ waa kulɛ, ŋmɛnɛ je lɛŋ shihilɛ baahi kwraa fe nɛkɛ ni toiŋjɔlɛ babaoo hu baahi mli.
Shi kɛlɛ, jamɔ ni aja nyɛnyɔŋmɔ-yoo lɛ kɛ toiŋjɔlɛ baaa yɛ blema je lɛ mli, ni nakai nɔŋŋ ekɛ toiŋjɔlɛ baŋ ŋmɛnɛ. Kɛfata he lɛ, gbɔmɛi babaoo, yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ gbɔmɛi akpekpei abɔ ni kɛ Yehowa Odasefoi bɔɔ lɛ yɛ nɔmimaa diɛŋtsɛ akɛ Maria nyɛŋ ahere nɛkɛ shikpɔŋ nɛɛ yiwala, ni bɔ ni amɛbuɔ lɛ amɛhaa kɛ bɔ ni amɛsumɔɔ lɛ amɛhaa akɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli yoo anɔkwafo ko ni na hegbɛ akɛ eeefɔ Yesu ni elɛ lɛ hu lɛ kɔɔɔ he eko. Ni nakai nɔŋŋ hu eyɛ mli akɛ nibii ni Yei Akpɔmɔ Kuu lɛ biɔ lɛ ekomɛi ja moŋ, shi Yehowa Odasefoi heee amɛyeee akɛ amɛbaanyɛ amɛkɛ jeŋ ni toiŋjɔlɛ yɔɔ mli aba. Amɛkwɛɔ Nyɔŋmɔ ni Paulo jaje ehe sane etsɔɔ Ateenebii lɛ kɛ agbɛnɛ Efesobii lɛ hu lɛ, “Nyɔŋmɔ ni fee je lɛ kɛ emli nibii fɛɛ” lɛ gbɛ kɛha enɛ feemɔ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 17:24; 19:11, 17, 20) Nyɔŋmɔ Ofe nɛɛ, ni egbɛi ji Yehowa lɛ ewo shi yɛ anunyam jeŋ hee ko ni “jalɛ hiɔ mli” lɛ he, ni wɔkɛ wɔhiɛ fɔɔ eshiwoo lɛ nɔ kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ.—2 Petro 3:13.
Ni yɛ nɔ ni kɔɔ Biblia lɛ jwɛŋmɔ yɛ yei agbɛhe yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ gbɔmɛi ahiɛ lɛ he lɛ, abaasusu nɛkɛ saneyitso nɛɛ he lolo yɛ wolo tɛtrɛɛ nɛɛ mli.
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 5]
ASHTORETH—Kanaan bɔlɛnamɔ kɛ ta nyɔŋmɔ-yoo lɛ
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 6]
ARTEMI—Efeso fɔmɔ nyɔŋmɔ-yoo lɛ
[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]
Musei dei Conservatori, Rome
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 7]
Kristendom “NYƆŊMƆ NYƐ” lɛ
[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]
Chartres Cathedral, France